CN101980492B - Orthogonal code multiplexing-based differential chaos shift keying modulation and demodulation method - Google Patents
Orthogonal code multiplexing-based differential chaos shift keying modulation and demodulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses orthogonal code multiplexing-based differential chaos shift keying modulation and demodulation technology, and relates to differential chaos shift keying modulation and demodulation technology. A reference segment signal and an information modulation segment signal are multiplexed on a code domain by an orthogonal code, a time delay unit in the conventional frequency modulated differential chaos shift keying (FM)-DCSK is eliminated, the implementation complexity is reduced, the error code performance under an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and a multipath Rayleigh fading channel is equivalent to that of the conventional (FM)-DCSK, and the method is a competitive modulation and demodulation method in broadband data transmission (such as ultra-wide bandwidth UWB) application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology field, relate in particular to a kind of difference chaotic offset keying modulation-demodulation technique.
Background technology
The difference chaotic offset keying ((FM)-DCSK: (Frequency-Modulated)-DifferentialChaotic Shift Keying) be one type of digital modulation and demodulation technology based on chaotic carrier; It is spread spectrum communication replacement scheme cheaply; Have good anti-multipath interference performance, in the short-distance wireless communication field (like Wireless Personal Network (WPAN): Wireless Personal Area Network) have a good application prospect.
Existing difference chaotic offset keying modulator is as shown in Figure 1, comprising: chaotic carrier generator, delay unit, inversion device, diverter switch four parts.Demodulator is as shown in Figure 2, comprises delay unit, multiplier, integrator, decision circuit four parts.Suppose that difference chaotic offset keying modulator transmitted data rates is 1/T; Be that transmission cycle is T; Then the course of work of modulator is following: 1. the chaotic carrier signal of chaos generator generation divides two-way to enter into diverter switch and delay unit respectively, exports two paths of signals behind the signal lag T/2 of entering delay unit, and one the tunnel directly gets into diverter switch; Another road gets into inversion device and realizes the signal counter-rotating, and then gets into diverter switch respectively; 2. diverter switch is by modulated binary digital signal I control, and in the time, switch is A in the position at preceding T/2; Therefore chaotic carrier is directly exported at preceding T/2; The T/2 in the time in the back, if I is " 0 ", then diverter switch in the position B; Otherwise diverter switch is C in the position, therefore the chaotic carrier of output repetition or counter-rotating in the T/2 of back.Demodulating process is following: receive signal and divide two-way to get into multiplier and delay unit respectively, get into the preceding T/2 signal lag T/2 output afterwards of delay unit, get into multiplier and back T/2 signal multiplication; Multiplied result is input to the integrator integration; The time of integration, length was T/2, and integral result is delivered to decision circuit, if integral result is greater than 0; Then judgement output " 0 ", otherwise judgement output " 1 ".
Existing difference chaotic offset keying modulator-demodulator (FM)-DCSK is through realizing reference field signal (preceding T/2) and information modem section signal (back T/2) orthogonal multiplex on time domain.(FM)-and the frame structure that transmits of DCSK is as shown in Figure 3, and modulator and demodulator all need delay unit, when narrow band transmission, i.e. arrowband (FM)-DCSK, the mode of delay unit available digital storage realizes, and is comparatively simple.But when wideband transmit (like ultra broadband: Ultra-Wideband; UWB); Be broadband (FM)-DCSK, because the UWB system bandwidth all reaches several GHz usually, the A/D conversion inevitable requirement of receiver front end has very high sample frequency; With regard to present technical merit, receiver power consumption and cost with high like this sample frequency will be very high all; If adopt the receiver front end simulation to realize, then need carry out the time-delay of level of tens of nanoseconds (ns) to analog signal, delay unit becomes analog delay line; Realize having than long delay (greater than 20ns); With regard to present analog integrated circuit level, the signal of bandwidth like this is carried out long like this time delay also can't accomplish effectively integratedly, promptly receiver can't be accomplished integrated cheaply; Therefore, adopt the integrated analog delay line of existing techniques in realizing height also impossible.If the employing Digital Implementation, then receiver needs analog to digital converter (A/D) and mass storage at a high speed, and power consumption and complexity will significantly increase.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to existing difference chaotic offset keying modulator-demodulator when wideband transmit, receiver needs analog to digital converter and mass storage at a high speed, and power consumption and complexity will significantly increase; When perhaps delay unit becomes analog delay line, realize having than long delay and be difficult to low-cost integrated defective, design a kind of yard multiplexing broadband (FM)-DCSK modulator-demodulator.Wherein modulator partly comprises: chaotic carrier generator, N rank Walsh code generator A and B, multiplier M
1,1, M
1,2..., M
1, N, M
2,1, M
2,2..., M
2, N, diverter switch S
1And S
2, delay unit D
1, D
2..., D
N-1, FM modulator and adder ADD.Multiplier M is passed through in N road output by N rank Walsh code generator A respectively
1,1, M
1,2..., M
1, NConnect diverter switch S
1, form branch road 1; The chaotic carrier generator is through FM modulator and N-1 delay unit D
1, D
2..., D
N-1Be composed in series branch road 2; Multiplier M is passed through in N road output by N rank Walsh code generator B respectively
2,1, M
2,2..., M
2, NConnect diverter switch S
2Form branch road 3.In the branch road 2, the output of FM modulator connects the first order multiplier in branch road 2 and the branch road 3, each delay unit D
1, D
2..., D
N-1Output connect the corresponding next stage multiplier M of branch road 1 and branch road 3 respectively
1,1, M
1,2..., M
1, NAnd M
2,1, M
2,2..., M
2, N, the output of information symbol connects multiplier M respectively
2,1, M
2,2..., M
2, N, adder ADD is sent in the output of branch road 1 and branch road 3, ADD output output signal s (t).
Demodulator comprises: multiplier a, multiplier b, multiplier c, integrator d, accumulator e, decision device f.Multiplier a and multiplier b multiply each other the signal that receives and same length and mutually orthogonal Walsh code element respectively, and send into the output multiplication of multiplier c to multiplier a and multiplier b, and integration lengths is T
cIntegrator d integration is carried out in the output of multiplier c; Again integral result is sent among the accumulator e, multiplies each other until N code element and accomplish above-mentioned processing, the Z as a result that accumulator output adds up for N time signal R (t) and N rank Walsh code generator; Decision device f judges Z as a result; If accumulation result is greater than 0, then judgement output " 0 " is exported " 1 " otherwise adjudicate.
The present invention also proposes a kind of based on the multiplexing broadband difference chaotic offset keying modulator approach of orthogonal code, and chaotic carrier generator generation time length is T
cThe chaotic carrier signal after frequency modulator FM modulation, at each T
cConstantly send into branch road 1 and branch road 3 respectively, multipliers at different levels will modulates chaotic carrier and multiply each other with N the orthogonal symbol that N rank Walsh code generator A exports respectively in the branch road 1, produce N reference signal, through diverter switch S
1Output; Multipliers at different levels will be modulated chaotic carrier and multiply each other with N orthogonal symbol of information symbol and N rank Walsh code generator B output respectively in the branch road 3, produce N information modulated signal I
1From diverter switch S
2Output, N reference signal and N information modulated signal are sent into adder ADD addition respectively, and output N section time span is T
cModulation signal.
The present invention with the reference field signal of (FM)-DCSK modulation and information modem section signal multiplexing on the pair of orthogonal sign indicating number; And reference field signal and information modem section signal overlap on time domain; In receiver, eliminate delay unit of the prior art like this, eliminated delay unit.Realize corresponding function with analog multiplier and adder, can reduce the complexity of realization greatly, and be highly susceptible to the integrated of Realization of Analog Circuit.
Description of drawings
The composition structure of Fig. 1 shows existing (FM)-DCSK modulator;
The composition structure of Fig. 2 shows existing (FM)-DCSK demodulator;
The frame structure that transmits of Fig. 3 shows existing (FM)-DCSK;
Fig. 4 shows the composition structure based on the multiplexing broadband of orthogonal code (FM)-DCSK modulator;
Fig. 5 shows the frame structure that transmits based on the multiplexing broadband of orthogonal code (FM)-DCSK;
Fig. 6 shows the composition structure based on the multiplexing broadband of orthogonal code (FM)-DCSK demodulator;
Fig. 7 shows under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, the performance of BER of multiplexing broadband DCSK of orthogonal code and conventional DCSK, and spreading factor is 80;
Fig. 8 shows under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, the performance of BER of multiplexing broadband DCSK of orthogonal code and conventional DCSK, and spreading factor is 160;
Fig. 9 shows under multipath Rayleigh (Rayleigh) fading channel, the performance of BER of multiplexing DCSK of orthogonal code and conventional DCSK, and spreading factor is 80;
Figure 10 shows under multipath Rayleigh (Rayleigh) fading channel, the performance of BER of multiplexing DCSK of orthogonal code and conventional DCSK, and spreading factor is 160.
Embodiment
On the pair of orthogonal sign indicating number, and reference field signal and information modem section signal overlap on time domain with the reference field signal of (FM)-DCSK modulation and information modem section signal multiplexing in the present invention.Shown in Figure 4 is based on the composition structure of the multiplexing broadband of orthogonal code (FM)-DCSK modulator, comprising: chaotic carrier generator, N rank Walsh code generator A and B, multiplier M
1,1, M
1,2..., M
1, N, M
2,1, M
2,2..., M
2, N, diverter switch S
1And S
2, delay unit D
1, D
2..., D
N-1, FM modulator and adder ADD.In the modulator by N rank Walsh code generator A, multiplier M
1,1, M
1,2..., M
1, NAnd diverter switch S
1 Form branch road 1; Chaotic carrier generator, FM modulator and N-1 delay unit D
1, D
2..., D
N-1 Form branch road 2; By N rank Walsh code generator B, multiplier M
2,1, M
2,2..., M
2, NWith diverter switch S
2 Form branch road 3.
Multiplier M is passed through in N road output by N rank Walsh code generator A respectively
1,1, M
1,2..., M
1, NBe connected to diverter switch S
1, form branch road 1; The chaotic carrier generator is through FM modulator and N-1 delay unit D
1, D
2..., D
N-1Be composed in series branch road 2; Multiplier M is passed through in N road output by N rank Walsh code generator B respectively
2,1, M
2,2..., M
2, NConnect diverter switch S
2Form branch road 3.In the branch road 2, the output of FM modulator connects the first order multiplier in branch road 2 and the branch road 3, each delay unit D
1, D
2..., D
N-1Output connect the corresponding next stage multiplier M of branch road 1 and branch road 3 respectively
1,1, M
1,2..., M
1, NAnd M
2,1, M
2,2..., M
2, N, the output of information symbol connects multiplier M respectively
2,1, M
2,2..., M
2, N, adder ADD is sent in the output of branch road 1 and branch road 3, ADD output output signal s (t).
Calculate time span T that information bit is required of transmission, time span T is divided into N part, i.e. T=NT
c, wherein N is the exponent number of Walsh code generator.At each T
cConstantly send into branch road 1 and branch road 3 respectively, multipliers at different levels will modulates chaotic carrier and multiply each other with N the orthogonal symbol that N rank Walsh code generator A exports respectively in the branch road 1, produce N reference signal, through diverter switch S
1Output; Multipliers at different levels will be modulated chaotic carrier and multiply each other with N orthogonal symbol of information symbol and N rank Walsh code generator B output respectively in the branch road 3, produce N information modulated signal I
1From diverter switch S
2Output, N reference signal and N information modulated signal are sent into adder ADD addition respectively, and output N section time span is T
cModulation signal.
Then modulated process is following: chaotic carrier generator generation time length is T
cThe chaotic carrier signal after frequency modulator (FM) modulation, at T
cConstantly, send into branch road 1 and branch road 3 respectively.First order multiplier M in branch road 1
1,1Orthogonal symbol w with modulation chaotic carrier and N rank Walsh code generator A output
R, 1Multiply each other, produce first section reference signal R
1, through diverter switch S
1(diverter switch is beaten at node T
1,1End) output, first order multiplier M in branch road 3
2,1Orthogonal symbol w with modulation chaotic carrier, information symbol and N rank Walsh code generator B output
I, 1Multiply each other, produce the first segment information modulation signal I
1From diverter switch S
2(diverter switch is beaten at node T
2,1End) output, it is T that the first section reference signal and the first segment information modulation signal are sent into adder ADD addition output time length
cFirst section modulation signal.At 2T
cConstantly, the chaotic carrier signal is through delay unit D
1Time-delay T
cAfter get into branch road 1 and branch road 3 respectively, multiplier M in branch road 1
1,2To pass through the modulation chaotic carrier of first order delay unit output and the orthogonal symbol w of A output
R, 2Multiply each other, produce second section reference signal R
2From diverter switch S
1(diverter switch is beaten at node T
1,2) output, multiplier M in branch road 3
2,2To pass through the orthogonal symbol w of modulation chaotic carrier, information symbol and the B output of the output of first order delay unit
I, 2Multiply each other, produce the second segment information modulation signal I
2From diverter switch S
2(diverter switch is beaten at node T
2,2) output, sending into adder ADD addition output time length is T
cSecond section modulation signal; By that analogy, through N-1 identical operations, at NT
cConstantly, adder ADD output time length is T
cN section modulation signal, so far, through N operation, it is all modulation signals of T that modulator is exported length.
The message transmission rate of supposing sign indicating number multiplexing broadband (FM)-DCSK modulator is 1/T, and promptly data transfer cycle is T, orthogonal code w
R, the cycle is N, and the sign indicating number duration is T, and the code element of orthogonal code is "+1 " or " 1 ", and element duration is T
c, between data transfer cycle and orthogonal symbol cycle and the cycle N based on T=NT
cRelation is confirmed.Information symbol is "+1 " or " 1 ", and its duration is T, is shone upon by " 0 " or "+1 " respectively; Orthogonal code w
I, the cycle is similarly N, and the sign indicating number duration is T, and code element is "+1 " or " 1 ", and element duration is T
c, the following T=NT of relation is arranged equally
c
Be illustrated in figure 5 as the frame structure that transmits based on the multiplexing broadband of orthogonal code (FM)-DCSK, this signal frame structure is the signal frame structure of modulator output signal S (t), and it is through orthogonal code w
R, the reference field signal (R of modulation
1, R
2..., R
N) and orthogonal code w
I, the information modem section signal (I of modulation
1, I
2..., I
N) be overlapping on time domain, but they then are quadratures on the sign indicating number territory, reference signal and information modulated signal duration are T.
Be illustrated in figure 6 as structure, comprise multiplier a, multiplier b, multiplier c, integrator d, accumulator e, decision device f based on the multiplexing broadband DCSK demodulator of orthogonal code.Multiplier a and multiplier b multiply each other the signal that receives and same length and mutually orthogonal Walsh code element respectively, and send into the output multiplication of multiplier c to multiplier a and multiplier b, and integration lengths is T
cIntegrator d integration is carried out in the output of multiplier c; Again integral result is sent among the accumulator e, multiplies each other until N code element and accomplish above-mentioned processing, the Z as a result that accumulator output adds up for N time signal R (t) and N rank Walsh code generator; Decision device f judges Z as a result; If accumulation result is greater than 0, then judgement output " 0 " is exported " 1 " otherwise adjudicate.
The practical implementation process of demodulator is following: after demodulator receives signal R (t), R (t) is sent to multiplier a and multiplier b respectively, in multiplier a, the length that receives is T
cThe Walsh code element w of signal R (t) and same length
R, 1Multiply each other, be sent to multiplier c then; In multiplier b, the length that receives is T
cThe Walsh code element w of signal R (t) and same length
I, 1Multiply each other, be sent to multiplier c then; In multiplier c, with the output signal multiplication of multiplier a and b, it is T that the result is sent to integration lengths
cIntegrator d in accomplish integration, again integral result is sent among the accumulator e.Second segment length of follow-up entering is T
cSignal, in multiplier a, with the Walsh code element w of same length
R, 2Multiply each other, be sent to multiplier c then; In multiplier b, with the Walsh code element w of same length
I, 2Multiply each other, be sent to multiplier c then; In multiplier c, with the signal multiplication of multiplier a and the current output of b, it is T that the result is sent to integration lengths
cIntegrator in accomplish integration, integral result is sent among the accumulator e adds up again.By that analogy, through N identical operations, the Z as a result that accumulator output adds up for N time judges in decision device f, if accumulation result greater than 0, is then adjudicated output " 0 ", otherwise judgement output " 1 ".
Below we based on the Computer Simulation process, further set forth implementation method of the present invention.If chaotic carrier adopts discrete Logistic mapping to produce, the signals sampling frequency is f
s=1000 times/second, the duration of bit is T=0.04 second, and then the spreading factor of equivalence is defined as β=T * f
s=40.Orthogonal code is the Walsh sign indicating number on 2 rank, and promptly w=[+1 ,+1; + 1 ,-1], w
R,=[+1 ,+1], w
I,=[+1 ,-1], the sign indicating number duration is T, code-element period is T
cThe signal number of samples of equivalence is ρ=20 in the=T/2, code-element period.(the Logistic mapping equation is
k=0 to the process of generation chaotic carrier as follows; ...; I ...)
Given initial value x (0), chaotic carrier generator are according to initial value, and be iterative through as follows, and obtaining length is the chaotic carrier sequence of β (spreading factor)
X (i+1)=1-2 * x
2(i), i=0 ..., i ..., β-1,
Modulator adopts modulator as shown in Figure 4 to accomplish modulation according to the chaotic carrier of above generation, obtains modulation signal s (t) according to following formula,
W in the following formula
R, k+1And w
I, k+1K=0,1 ..., N-1 representes the orthogonal code that different Walsh code generators produce, T respectively
s=NT
cBe the duration of every bit signal, T is the duration of chaotic carrier, and c (t) is a chaotic carrier, and b ∈ [1 ,+1] is an information symbol.During k=0, chaotic carrier c (t) respectively with orthogonal symbol w
R, 1Multiply each other, simultaneously, chaotic carrier c (t) and orthogonal symbol w
I, 1B multiplies each other with information symbol, and adder is again with top two product phase adductions output; During k=1, the chaotic carrier T that at first delays time
c, carry out similar operation then, through N-1 time-delay and similar operation, the modulation signal s (t) that final output is accomplished.
At receiving terminal, demodulating process is following:
Adopt demodulator as shown in Figure 6 to call following formula, calculate the decision statistic amount
In the following formula,
Expression gets into the reception signal in the demodulator, w
R, k+1And w
I, k+1K=0,1 ..., N-1 is respectively the orthogonal code identical with modulated terminal, and according to following formula, demodulating process is following: when k=0, code element w
R, 1With the reception signal
Preceding T section multiply each other, simultaneously, code element w
I, 1With the reception signal
Preceding T section multiply each other, this that obtains after multiplying each other be two results multiply each other again, carrying out time of integration length then is the integration of T; During k=2, carry out similar operation; The process N step calculates N integral result, this N integral result is added up obtain decision statistic amount Z then.
According to following decision rule the decision statistic amount is accomplished judgement
Based on the multiplexing difference chaotic offset keying modulation-demo-demodulation method of orthogonal code in additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGN) performance of BER shown in Fig. 7 and 8.Performance of BER how under Rayleigh (Rayleigh) fading channel is as shown in 9 and 10.As relatively, provided conventional broadband DCSK performance of BER under the same conditions among the figure simultaneously.CS-DCSK representes the multiplexing difference chaotic offset keying modulation of orthogonal code among the figure, and DCSK representes traditional DCSK modulation, and SF representes spreading factor.Can observe under these several spreading factor conditions, multiplexing broadband DCSK of orthogonal code and conventional broadband DCSK have suitable performance.
Claims (7)
1. based on the multiplexing broadband difference chaotic offset keying modulator of orthogonal code; It is characterized in that; N road orthogonal code by N rank Walsh code generator A is connected to diverter switch
through multistage multiplier
respectively, forms branch road 1; The chaotic carrier generator is composed in series branch road 2 through FM modulator and N-1 delay unit
; N road orthogonal code by N rank Walsh code generator B is formed branch road 3 through multiplier
connection diverter switch
respectively; In the branch road 2; The output of FM modulator connects the first order multiplier in branch road 1 and the branch road 3; The output of each delay unit
connects the next stage multiplier
corresponding in branch road 1 and the branch road 3 and an input of
respectively; The output of information symbol connects another input of multiplier
respectively, and adder addition output modulation signal s (t) is sent in the output of branch road 1 and branch road 3.
2. broadband according to claim 1 difference chaotic offset keying modulator; It is characterized in that; Said orthogonal code periods is N; Data transfer cycle is T; Its code element is "+1 " or " 1 "; The orthogonal symbol cycle is
, satisfies relation
between data transfer cycle and orthogonal symbol cycle and the orthogonal code periods N.
3. broadband according to claim 1 difference chaotic offset keying modulator is characterized in that information symbol is "+1 " or " 1 ", and its duration is T, is shone upon by " 0 " or "+1 " respectively.
4. based on the multiplexing broadband difference chaotic offset keying demodulator of orthogonal code; Comprise: multiplier a, multiplier b, multiplier c, integrator d, accumulator e, decision device f; It is characterized in that; Multiplier a and multiplier b multiply each other the signal R (t) that receives respectively with same length and mutually orthogonal Walsh code element; And send into the output multiplication of multiplier c to multiplier a and multiplier b; Send into the integrator d of integration lengths and carry out integration for
; Again integral result is sent among the accumulator e; Send into accumulator until the completion of multiplying each other of N code element with signal R (t) and N rank Walsh code generator; The result
that accumulator output adds up for N time, decision device f judges result
and exports.
5. based on the multiplexing broadband difference chaotic offset keying modulator approach of orthogonal code; It is characterized in that; The chaotic carrier signal that chaotic carrier generator generation time length is
is after frequency modulator FM modulation; Constantly send into branch road 1 and branch road 3 respectively at each
; Multipliers at different levels will be modulated chaotic carrier and multiply each other with N orthogonal code code element of N rank Walsh code generator A output respectively in the branch road 1; Produce N reference signal, export through diverter switch
; Multipliers at different levels will be modulated chaotic carrier and multiply each other with N orthogonal code code element of information symbol and N rank Walsh code generator B output respectively in the branch road 3; Producing N information modulated signal exports from diverter switch
; N reference signal and N information modulated signal are sent into adder ADD addition respectively, and output N section time span is the modulation signal of
.
6. broadband according to claim 5 difference chaotic offset keying modulator approach; It is characterized in that; Said orthogonal code periods is N; Data transfer cycle is T; Its code element is "+1 " or " 1 "; The orthogonal symbol cycle is
, satisfies relation
between data transfer cycle and orthogonal symbol cycle and the orthogonal code periods.
7. broadband according to claim 5 difference chaotic offset keying modulator approach; It is characterized in that; The reference field signal
of orthogonal code
modulation is overlapping on time domain with the information modem section signal
of orthogonal code
modulation; On the sign indicating number territory, be quadrature, reference field signal and information modem section are T signal duration.
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| CN106549894B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-08-16 | 厦门大学 | The code of combination code subscript modulation is multiplexed difference chaotic modem |
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