CN101979835B - 钻孔连通淘煤排气防止煤与瓦斯突出方法 - Google Patents
钻孔连通淘煤排气防止煤与瓦斯突出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101979835B CN101979835B CN2010102935833A CN201010293583A CN101979835B CN 101979835 B CN101979835 B CN 101979835B CN 2010102935833 A CN2010102935833 A CN 2010102935833A CN 201010293583 A CN201010293583 A CN 201010293583A CN 101979835 B CN101979835 B CN 101979835B
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title description 2
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种降低突出总能量且提高煤岩体强度的综合揭煤防突方法，通过在地面对煤层钻孔并扩大孔径使煤层垮落，排出煤粉，从而实钻孔间的连通，在煤层间形成空腔；降低钻孔中液柱压力，达到释放煤层内瓦斯的目的；在空腔中注入水泥砂浆，形成水泥砂浆固结体。本发明是通过降低突出总能量和提高煤岩体强度的综合防突方法，提高了揭煤的安全性。同时，本发明提供的揭煤防突方法是在地面施工，因此克服了其他揭煤防突措施需要占用大量井下作业空间和作业时间的缺点，将工作地点转移至地面，提高了作业的安全性。
Description
钻孔连通淘煤排气防止煤与瓦斯突出方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及采矿业的安防技术领域，特别是涉及巷道或井筒揭煤过程中利用钻孔连通淘煤排气以防止煤与瓦斯突出的方法。
背景技术
[0002] 煤与瓦斯突出是主要的矿井灾害之一。如果发生这种灾害事故，就会造成大量的煤与瓦斯抛向巷道，推倒设备和支架，形成煤流埋人，使人窒息等事故。由于瓦斯具有爆炸性和可燃性，一旦遇上火源，又会导致瓦斯爆炸和燃烧事故，危及整个矿井的生产和工人的生命安全。这一灾害在我国尤为突出，大约占全世界灾害总数的1/3以上。在各类突出事故中，石门揭煤时发生突出的几率最高，突出强度也最大。目前用于石门防突的有效措施有超前钻孔、松动爆破、水力冲孔、煤层注水等，以上各种防突技术措施中，有的实施时间长， 有的实施起来比较困难，一般均需要占用大量井下作业空间和作业时间。
发明内容
[0003] 针对以上现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种降低突出总能量且提高煤岩体强度的综合揭煤防突方法。
[0004] 本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
[0005] 钻孔连通淘煤排气防止煤与瓦斯突出方法，所述方法依次包括以下步骤：
[0006] 1)揭煤前，在对应于巷道或井筒揭煤的位置，从地面施工若干个钻孔，钻孔深度要穿过所揭煤层，达到煤层底板；
[0007] 2)扩大钻孔孔径使煤层垮落，实现钻孔间的连通，同时排出煤粉，在煤层中形成空腔；
[0008] 3)降低钻孔中压力，释放煤层内瓦斯；
[0009] 4)通过钻孔将水泥砂浆灌入孔底，充填煤体空腔。
[0010] 所述步骤2中扩大钻孔孔径使煤层垮落的方法为采用钻孔高压水力冲洗或配合钻孔孔中爆破的方法使单个钻孔周围的煤层垮落。
[0011] 步骤2中用以连通钻孔的方法为对其中一个钻孔进行高压水力冲洗，同时降低其余钻孔的孔中水压，在钻孔间形成压力差，使相邻钻孔之间的煤层得到更有效的压裂、破碎，使煤层进一步垮落，钻孔孔径扩大实现钻孔间的连通。
[0012] 所述步骤3中采用潜水泵或注气法，降低钻孔冲洗液高度，从而降低钻孔中压力。
[0013] 适用所述方法之后的巷道掘进或井筒开挖主要在步骤4的水泥砂浆固结体中进行。
[0014] 本发明的原理为：
[0015] 空腔内原有的煤体排出后，巷道附近的煤岩体集聚的弹性能得到了释放。瓦斯压力降低后，减小了煤层突出的瓦斯膨胀能。高压水进入空腔周围煤岩层的内部裂隙，使原始煤岩体湿润，增加煤岩体可塑性，减少煤岩体内部应力集中。水泥砂浆的强度高于煤体，当煤体被水泥砂浆置换后，整个煤岩体的强度得到了提高。而煤体被水泥砂浆置换后形成的固结体，更适于巷道掘进或井筒开挖，确保了此后施工的安全性。
[0016] 本发明的有益效果为：
[0017] 本发明是通过降低突出总能量和提高煤岩体强度的综合防突方法，提高了揭煤的安全性。同时，本发明提供的揭煤防突方法是在地面施工，因此克服了其他揭煤防突措施需要占用大量井下作业空间和作业时间的缺点，将工作地点转移至地面，提高了作业的安全性。
附图说明
[0018] 图1为本发明的原理示意图。
[0019] 图中：1为钻孔；2为煤层；3为空腔；4为地面；5为巷道。 具体实施方式
[0020] 以下结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细说明。
[0021] 本发明提供了一种钻孔连通淘煤排气防止煤与瓦斯突出方法，依次包括以下步骤：
[0022] 1)揭煤前，在对应于巷道5或井筒揭煤的位置，从地面4施工若干个钻孔1，钻孔 1深度要穿过所要揭穿的煤层2，达到煤层底板；
[0023] 2)采用钻孔1高压水力冲洗的方法或配合钻孔孔中爆破方法使单个钻孔1周围的煤层垮落，达到扩大钻孔孔径的目的，垮落的煤粉通过钻孔冲洗液排出至地面；
[0024] 3)当对一个钻孔进行高压水力冲洗时，把其余钻孔的孔中水压降低，在钻孔间形成高的压力差，使相邻钻孔之间的煤层得到更有效的压裂、破碎，使煤层进一步垮落，钻孔孔径扩大实现钻孔间连通成空腔3 ；
[0025] 4)根据实际情况，变换注水钻孔，按步骤3对钻孔1进行反复冲洗，在煤体中形成大的空腔3 ；
[0026] 5)在形成空腔3后，通过潜水泵或采用注气法，降低钻孔1中冲洗液高度，降低钻孔1中压力，使得煤层2中瓦斯得到有效释放，以降低煤层2中的瓦斯压力；
[0027] 6)在降低煤层瓦斯压力后，将水泥砂浆通过钻孔1灌入孔底，充填煤层中的空腔 3 ；
[0028] 7)巷道掘进或井筒开挖主要在水泥砂浆固结体中进行。
[0029] 本发明提供的揭煤防突方法是在地面4施工，因此克服了其他揭煤防突措施需要占用大量井下作业空间和作业时间的缺点，将工作地点转移至地面4，提高了作业的安全性。
[0030] 而且，本发明将空腔3内原有的煤体排出后，巷道附近的岩体集聚的弹性能得到了释放。瓦斯压力降低后，减小了煤层2突出的瓦斯膨胀能。高压水进入空腔3周围煤岩层的内部裂隙，使原始煤岩体湿润，增加煤岩体可塑性，减少煤岩体内部应力集中。水泥砂浆的强度高于煤体，当煤体被水泥砂浆置换后，整个煤岩体的强度得到了提高。而煤体被水泥砂浆置换后形成的固结体，更适于巷道掘进或井筒开挖，确保了此后施工的安全性。
[0031] 总之，本发明确实能够通过降低突出总能量和提高煤岩体强度的综合防突方法，提高了揭煤的安全性。
Claims (2)
1.钻孔连通淘煤排气防止煤与瓦斯突出方法，其特征在于：所述方法依次包括以下步骤：1)揭煤前，在对应于巷道或井筒揭煤的位置，从地面施工若干个钻孔，钻孔深度要穿过所揭煤层，达到煤层底板；2)扩大钻孔孔径使煤层垮落，实现钻孔间的连通，同时排出煤粉，在煤层中形成空腔， 其中扩大钻孔孔径使煤层垮落的方法为采用钻孔高压水力冲洗或配合钻孔孔中爆破的方法使单个钻孔周围的煤层垮落，其中用以连通钻孔的方法为对其中一个钻孔进行高压水力冲洗，同时降低其余钻孔的孔中水压，在钻孔间形成压力差，使相邻钻孔之间的煤层得到更有效的压裂、破碎，使煤层进一步垮落，钻孔孔径扩大实现钻孔间的连通；3)降低钻孔中压力，释放煤层内瓦斯，其中采用潜水泵或注气法，降低钻孔冲洗液高度，从而降低钻孔中压力；4)通过钻孔将水泥砂浆灌入孔底，充填煤体空腔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防止煤与瓦斯突出方法，其特征在于：使用所述方法之后的巷道掘进或井筒开挖主要在步骤4)的水泥砂浆固结体中进行。
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