CN101976855A - 智能太阳能电池组件及其阵列的控制方法 - Google Patents

智能太阳能电池组件及其阵列的控制方法 Download PDF

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CN101976855A
CN101976855A CN2010105614887A CN201010561488A CN101976855A CN 101976855 A CN101976855 A CN 101976855A CN 2010105614887 A CN2010105614887 A CN 2010105614887A CN 201010561488 A CN201010561488 A CN 201010561488A CN 101976855 A CN101976855 A CN 101976855A
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丁坤
卞新高
史中权
刘海浩
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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Abstract

本发明智能太阳能电池组件及其阵列的控制方法是将以微处理器为控制核心的智能电力电子变换器安装于传统太阳能电池组件接线盒处,该变换器具备数据通讯功能,利用该通讯功能可以获取光伏系统直流母线电压、同一个串联串中其它各个组件的最大输出功率等系统信息,通过通讯功能获取的系统信息已经本组件的最大功率点,应用功率权重匹配法调整输出电压电流自动调整输出电压和输出电流,从而实现最大化本组件的输出电能。本发明能使得每个组件输出最大的电能。

Description

智能太阳能电池组件及其阵列的控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包含智能电力电子变换器的太阳能组件及其阵列的控制方法,属于电工技术、能源技术领域。
背景技术
进入21世纪以来,能源问题成为了困扰社会、经济、环境等方面的重要问题,太阳能作为一种可再生的绿色能源近年来在国内外得到了大力的发展。
在光伏发电系统中一般选用性能一致的光伏电池组件通过串、并联的方式构成电池阵列,在系统设计时要遵循电池板尽可能不被遮蔽等原则。随着“智能电网”的提出和实施,太阳能发电与建筑相结合等分布式系统将在太阳能发电系统占据越来越大的比重,在这样的分布式太阳能发电系统就可能存在电池板被遮蔽的情况,而且即使选了一致性好的电池组件由于老化的缘故也将导致电池组件输出不一致。为防止遮蔽、太阳电池不匹配等原因导致的太阳电池的“热斑效应”,目前一般采用并联旁路二极管的方法解决。尽管采用旁路二极管可以起到对太阳电池组件保护的作用,当旁路二极管起作用时被旁路的组件将不产生任何电能,而当串联组件中的若有一个组件产生的光电流较小(发电量小)当其对应得旁路二极管还未起作用,则所用串联组件的输出光电流都会被限制在这个较小值,导致这些组件不是工作在最大功率点,这些都大大影响了太阳能电池阵列的发电量,美国国家半导体公司的一项试验表明当8%至16%的太阳能电池板被遮蔽,将导致太阳能发电系统的发电量跌幅高达35%至40%。这对太阳能电池阵列照度不均匀情况下的发电量影响非常大。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种能使得每个组件输出最大电能的智能太阳能电池组件及其阵列的控制方法。
本发明实现上述目的的技术方案是,一种智能太阳能电池组件,其创新点在于:包括太阳能电池组件板和安装于太阳能电池组件板背面的电力电子变换器,所述太阳能电池组件板具有正输出端和负输出端,所述电力电子变换器包括正输入端、负输入端、控制器、主功率管、第一电容、电感、二极管和第二电容,所述控制器以微处理器为控制核心, 所述电力电子变换器的正输入端与太阳能电池组件板的正输出端连接,负输入端与太阳能电池组件板的负输出端连接,第一电容的一端与太阳能电池组件板的正输入端连接,另一端与太阳能电池组件板的负输入端连接,主功率管的输入端与第一电容的一端连接,输出端与电感的一端连接,控制端与控制器的输出信号端连接,电感的另一端与第一电容的另一端连接,二极管的负极与电感的一端连接,二极管的正极与第二电容的一端连接,第二电容的另一端与电感的另一端连接,所述控制器将通讯接口接收到的信息处理后控制主功率管。
所述电力电子变换器通过螺钉或者卡槽结构固定在太阳能电池组件板背面。
一种太阳能电池组件阵列的控制方法,其创新点在于:由上述太阳能电池组件构成光伏系统组件阵列,其控制步骤如下:
1)确定光伏系统组件阵列的配置,包括:直流母线电压Udc、组件的串联个数n,其中直流母线电压Udc由光伏系统的输入电压决定,组件阵列由组件先串联再并联的方式构成,组件的串联个数n是正整数;
2)通过最大功率点跟踪方法得到当前组件可产生的最大电能功率Pi
3)通过通讯接口得到当前组件所在串联组所有其它组件的最大电能功率P1,P2,……,Pn
4)根据功率权重匹配法确定当前组件的输出电压,相应公式如下:
Figure 2010105614887100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,其中i∈{1,2,…n},j∈{1,2,…n};
5)根据上面公式得到的期望组件输出电压得到主功率管(209)的PWM占空比Di,相应公式如下:
Figure 752268DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
,上式中的Uimax是当前组件最大功率点的电压;
6)在每一个新的PWM周期开始前将Di输出至主功率管的控制端。 
对每个智能太阳能电池组件采用扰动观察法作为最大功率点跟踪方法,扰动观察法如下:每隔10mS改变组件的输出电压,检测组件的输出功率,并与干扰之前的功率相比较,当改变后的功率与没有改变前的功率相比是增大时,就继续保持这种干扰方式,一直到出现功率减小的状况,则停止这种干扰方式,此时的电压近似为最佳输出电压,所对应的电流为近似的最佳工作电流,如果干扰后的功率与没有干扰前的功率相比是减小时,就采取相反的干扰方式,最终可以得到当前组件可产生的最大电能功率Pi
每个智能太阳能电池组件的每隔10mS改变组件的输出电压的方法为增大或者减小电压,变化量为太阳能电池最佳工作电压的1%。
本发明是将以微处理器为控制核心的智能电力电子变换器安装于传统太阳能电池组件接线盒处,该变换器具备数据通讯功能,利用该通讯功能可以获取光伏系统直流母线电压、同一个串联串中其它各个组件的最大输出功率等系统信息,通过通讯功能获取的系统信息已经本组件的最大功率点,应用功率权重匹配法调整输出电压电流自动调整输出电压和输出电流,从而实现最大化本组件的输出电能。
附图说明
图1是发明智能太阳能电池组件数字控制的智能电力电子变换器的原理示意图,
图2是发明的智能太阳能电池组件示意图,
图3是本发明一种组件串并联的实施例接线图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述。
如图1~3所示,一种智能太阳能电池组件,包括太阳能电池组件板1和安装于太阳能电池组件板1背面的电力电子变换器2,所述太阳能电池组件板1具有正输出端1-1和负输出端1-2,所述电力电子变换器2包括正输入端203、负输入端204、控制器201、主功率管209、第一电容207、电感208、二极管210和第二电容211,所述控制器201以微处理器为控制核心, 所述电力电子变换器2的正输入端203与太阳能电池组件板1的正输出端1-1连接,负输入端204与太阳能电池组件板1的负输出端1-2连接,第一电容207的一端与太阳能电池组件板1的正输入端203连接,另一端与太阳能电池组件板1的负输入端204连接,主功率管209的输入端与第一电容207的一端连接,输出端与电感208的一端连接,控制端与控制器201的输出信号端连接,电感208的另一端与第一电容207的另一端连接,二极管210的负极与电感208的一端连接,二极管210的正极与第二电容211的一端连接,第二电容211的另一端与电感208的另一端连接,所述控制器201将通讯接口202接收到的信息处理后控制主功率管209。
太阳能电池组件板1可以选用现有的单晶硅组件、多晶硅组件、薄膜组件等,但不限于这些材料的组件,将来可以选用更多形式的组件。
电力电子变换器2的外壳可以采用有机材料、金属材料等但不限于这些材料,外形可以是方形、圆形、多边形等但不限于这些形状,根据外形形状制作对应形状的智能电力电子变换器电路板,将电路板安装固定到外壳中,所述电力电子变换器的正输入端203与太阳能电池组件板1的正输出端1-1连接,负输入端204与太阳能电池组件板1的负输出端1-2连接,采用焊接方式将2芯接线端子通过焊接方式连接到电子变换器的通讯接口202,用于通讯电缆接线。
所述电力电子变换器2通过螺钉或者卡槽结构固定在太阳能电池组件板1背面。
电路中需要对主功率管209的占空比进行控制,通过对控制模型分析可以得到主功率管209的PWM占空比D,如图3所示,一种太阳能电池组件阵列的控制方法,由上述太阳能电池组件构成光伏系统组件阵列,其控制步骤如下:
1)确定光伏系统组件阵列的配置,包括:直流母线电压Udc、组件的串联个数n,其中直流母线电压Udc由光伏系统的输入电压决定,组件阵列由组件先串联再并联的方式构成,组件的串联个数n是正整数;
2)通过最大功率点跟踪方法得到当前组件可产生的最大电能功率Pi
3)通过通讯接口得到当前组件所在串联组所有其它组件的最大电能功率P1,P2,……,Pn
4)根据功率权重匹配法确定当前组件的输出电压,相应公式如下:
Figure 124343DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,其中i∈{1,2,…n},j∈{1,2,…n};
5)根据上面公式得到的期望组件输出电压得到主功率管209的PWM占空比Di,相应公式如下:
Figure 8117DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
,上式中的Uimax是当前组件最大功率点的电压;
6)在每一个新的PWM周期开始前将Di输出至主功率管209的控制端。 
对每个智能太阳能电池组件采用扰动观察法作为最大功率点跟踪方法,扰动观察法如下:每隔10mS改变组件的输出电压,检测组件的输出功率,并与干扰之前的功率相比较,当改变后的功率与没有改变前的功率相比是增大时,就继续保持这种干扰方式,一直到出现功率减小的状况,则停止这种干扰方式,此时的电压近似为最佳输出电压,所对应的电流为近似的最佳工作电流,如果干扰后的功率与没有干扰前的功率相比是减小时,就采取相反的干扰方式,最终可以得到当前组件可产生的最大电能功率Pi
每个智能太阳能电池组件的每隔10mS改变组件的输出电压的方法为增大或者减小电压,变化量为太阳能电池最佳工作电压的1%。

Claims (5)

1.一种智能太阳能电池组件,其特征在于:包括太阳能电池组件板(1)和安装于太阳能电池组件板(1)背面的电力电子变换器(2),所述太阳能电池组件板(1)具有正输出端(1-1)和负输出端(1-2),所述电力电子变换器(2)包括正输入端(203)、负输入端(204)、控制器(201)、主功率管(209)、第一电容(207)、电感(208)、二极管(210)和第二电容(211),所述控制器(201)以微处理器为控制核心, 所述电力电子变换器(2)的正输入端(203)与太阳能电池组件板(1)的正输出端(1-1)连接,负输入端(204)与太阳能电池组件板(1)的负输出端(1-2)连接,第一电容(207)的一端与太阳能电池组件板(1)的正输入端(203)连接,另一端与太阳能电池组件板(1)的负输入端(204)连接,主功率管(209)的输入端与第一电容(207)的一端连接,输出端与电感(208)的一端连接,控制端与控制器(201)的输出信号端连接,电感(208)的另一端与第一电容(207)的另一端连接,二极管(210)的负极与电感(208)的一端连接,二极管(210)的正极与第二电容(211)的一端连接,第二电容(211)的另一端与电感(208)的另一端连接,所述控制器(201)将通讯接口(202)接收到的信息处理后控制主功率管(209)。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的智能太阳能电池组件,其特征在于:所述电力电子变换器(2)通过螺钉或者卡槽结构固定在太阳能电池组件板(1)背面。
3.一种太阳能电池组件阵列的控制方法,其特征在于:由上述权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件构成光伏系统组件阵列,其控制步骤如下:
1)确定光伏系统组件阵列的配置,包括:直流母线电压Udc、组件的串联个数n,其中直流母线电压Udc由光伏系统的输入电压决定,组件阵列由组件先串联再并联的方式构成,组件的串联个数n是正整数;
2)通过最大功率点跟踪方法得到当前组件可产生的最大电能功率Pi
3)通过通讯接口得到当前组件所在串联组所有其它组件的最大电能功率P1,P2,……,Pn
4)根据功率权重匹配法确定当前组件的输出电压,相应公式如下:
Figure 2010105614887100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
,其中i∈{1,2,…n},j∈{1,2,…n};
5)根据上面公式得到的期望组件输出电压得到主功率管(209)的PWM占空比Di,相应公式如下:
Figure 2010105614887100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
,上式中的Uimax是当前组件最大功率点的电压;
6)在每一个新的PWM周期开始前将Di输出至主功率管(209)的控制端。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的太阳能电池组件阵列的控制方法,其特征在于:对每个智能太阳能电池组件采用扰动观察法作为最大功率点跟踪方法,扰动观察法如下:每隔10mS改变组件的输出电压,检测组件的输出功率,并与干扰之前的功率相比较,当改变后的功率与没有改变前的功率相比是增大时,就继续保持这种干扰方式,一直到出现功率减小的状况,则停止这种干扰方式,此时的电压近似为最佳输出电压,所对应的电流为近似的最佳工作电流,如果干扰后的功率与没有干扰前的功率相比是减小时,就采取相反的干扰方式,最终可以得到当前组件可产生的最大电能功率Pi
5. 根据权利要求4所述的太阳能电池组件阵列的控制方法,其特征在于:每个智能太阳能电池组件的每隔10mS改变组件的输出电压的方法为增大或者减小电压,变化量为太阳能电池最佳工作电压的1%。
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