CN101975670B - Device for stimulating braking characteristics of railway wheel pair - Google Patents

Device for stimulating braking characteristics of railway wheel pair Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101975670B
CN101975670B CN2010102759456A CN201010275945A CN101975670B CN 101975670 B CN101975670 B CN 101975670B CN 2010102759456 A CN2010102759456 A CN 2010102759456A CN 201010275945 A CN201010275945 A CN 201010275945A CN 101975670 B CN101975670 B CN 101975670B
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wheel
braking
scrambler
driving wheel
detecting unit
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CN101975670A (en
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左建勇
王勇
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a device for stimulating the braking characteristics of a railway wheel pair, comprising a fixed unit, a power transmission and detection unit, a wheel pair rotation and detection unit, a load adjustment unit and a braking and detection unit, wherein the fixed unit is fixedly connected with foundation to provide connection basis for a system; the power transmission and detection unit provides power drive for a driving wheel and detects the rotate speed variation of the driving wheel; the wheel pair rotation and detection unit detects the rotate speed variation of the wheel pair; the load adjustment unit applies vertical force on the wheel pair and detects the magnitude of the vertical force; the braking and detection unit loads braking on the wheel pair and detects the magnitude of the braking force; and the power transmission and detection unit, the wheel pair rotation and detection unit and the braking and detection unit are respectively installed on the fixed unit, and the load adjustment unit is installed on the wheel pair rotation and detection unit. The device of the invention implements multi-level braking function through the braking unit, sets multi-level loads by the load adjustment unit to simulate the variation of shaft weight, realizes adjustment on the rotate speed of the drive wheel through a servo motor and adjusts adhesion through changing the work condition on the contact surface of the drive wheel and the wheel pair.

Description

Railway wheel is to the braking characteristic analogue means
Technical field
The invention belongs to test and control technology field, relate to a kind of railway wheel the braking characteristic analogue means, be used for simulating and study railway wheel to the damping force that appears at braking procedure, adhere, slide, correlation properties such as braking distance.
Background technology
National Program for Medium-to Long-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020); High-speed rail transportation system, efficient transportation technology equipment have been listed in preferential theme; And " primary study exploitation high-speed rail transportation control and gordian techniquies such as governing system, vehicle manufacturing, line construction and the system integration; form system's complete set technology, carry out the through engineering approaches running test are grasped and moved control, line construction and system integration technology " proposed.Along with the fast development of China Railway High-speed and Line for Passenger Transportation, the High-speed Wheel EMUs will become the main stream traffic instrument of China's rapid transit.
Along with improving constantly of China's train speed, research and grasp bullet train gordian technique become one of main task of correlative study production unit gradually, wherein study railway wheel the braking characteristic under the high-speed motion situation is more and more paid attention to.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of railway wheel to the braking characteristic analogue means to the various characteristics of railway wheel in braking procedure, appearing.
Through this system can: (1) measuring wheel is in different motion speed, the damping force size under different loads, the different braking operating mode situation; (2) can the right whole braking procedure of analog wheel, comprise service braking, graduated application and brake hard; (3) can study and under different loads, various braking situation, slide experiment, i.e. relation between maximum braking force/maximum speed.
For reaching above purpose, the solution that the present invention adopted is:
A kind of railway wheel is to the braking characteristic analogue means, and it comprises:
Fixed cell is connected with ground, connects the basis for system provides;
Power transmission and detecting unit, for driving wheel provides power drive, and the rotation speed change of detection driving wheel;
Wheel to rotation detecting unit, detection wheel is to rotation speed change;
The load adjustment unit to loading vertical force, and detects the size of vertical force to wheel;
Braking and detecting unit are braked loading wheel, and detect the size of damping force;
Wherein power transmission and detecting unit, wheel be to being installed on respectively on the fixed cell with rotation detecting unit and braking and detecting unit, the load adjustment unit be installed on wheel to rotation detecting unit on.
Said fixed cell is a fixed mount;
Said power transmission and detecting unit comprise driving wheel, servomotor, servomotor shaft coupling, driving wheel scrambler and driving wheel scrambler shaft coupling; Driving wheel links to each other with fixed mount through bearing; One end of driving wheel links to each other with servomotor through the servomotor shaft joint, and the other end initiatively links to each other with the driving wheel scrambler through driving wheel scrambler shaft joint;
Said take turns to rotation detecting unit comprise wheel to, the wheel to scrambler and the wheel to the scrambler shaft coupling; Wheel is to being connected with the driving wheel contact; Take turns the right axis and the parallel axes of driving wheel, and on a vertical plane, take turns a right end and the scrambler shaft joint is linked to each other to scrambler with wheel through wheel.Take turns right axial location and can pass through damping force detecting sensor, block and sliding pair fine setting assurance.The vertical force that the load adjustment unit produces and take turns right weight acting in conjunction on driving wheel.Take turns right rotation and be through driving wheel and wheel between contact friction force realize.
Said load adjustment unit comprises load adjusting mechanism, load adjustment spring, spring bracing and loading force detecting sensor; Spring bracing and fixed mount are connected; Load adjustment spring links to each other with the load adjusting mechanism with spring bracing respectively at two ends up and down, and load force sensor is installed in the middle of wheel right the axle head top and load adjusting mechanism;
Said braking and detecting unit comprise electro-magnetic braking device, fixed muffle, sliding pair and damping force sensor, and electro-magnetic braking device is installed on wheel to central part, and one of which end and fixed mount are connected, and the other end is to taking turns implementing braking action; Fixed muffle is installed on the fixed mount through web member; The sliding pair outside and fixed muffle one end in contact, the inboard can be moved along the axis direction of damping force sensor, take turns right bearing can be on sliding pair move left and right; The damping force sensor is fixed on the fixed muffle, and its end contacts with wheel set bearing, and adjusts the position, the left and right sides of wheel set bearing with the bearing block.
Said load adjustment unit is two groups, and symmetry is installed on the two ends of the right axle of wheel respectively.
Electro-magnetic braking device is one group in said braking and the detecting unit, and damping force sensor, fixed muffle and sliding pair are two groups, and damping force sensor, fixed muffle and sliding pair symmetry respectively are installed on the fixed mount both sides.
Said power transmission and detecting unit also comprise servomotor bracing frame, driving wheel scrambler bracing frame, and as the support platform of servomotor and driving wheel scrambler, it is locked on the fixed mount separately respectively;
The said wheel also comprising wheel to the scrambler bracing frame with detecting unit, as the support platform of wheel to scrambler, it is locked on the fixed mount.
It also is provided with electric-control system it is carried out control and treatment; It comprises that industrial control computer, man-machine interface, control algolithm, multi-channel A/DA card, numbered card, precision electric motor drive card, data processing, demonstration printing equipment and environment monitoring sensor; Wherein: industrial control computer is as total system control central authorities; Realize man-machine conversation, control is implemented, the computing printing function; The AD/DA card to the sensor signal in the system gather in real time, filtering, amplification, storage; Numbered card is then gathered, is write down and judge scrambler through industrial control computer; Precision electric motor drives card and then according to the industrial control computer signal servomotor is implemented control; The environmental parameter of environment monitoring sensor register system work is in order to demarcate, to compensate system.
System of the present invention is made up of, the electric-control system of 2 speed measuring coders, electromagnetic braking unit, load adjustment unit, damping force detecting unit and implementation procedure control, signals collecting, data processing and ambient temperature compensations fixed mount, servomotor driving wheel driven, wheel.
Its connected mode is: fixed mount is fixedly connected with ground, is used for supporting and is connected the servomotor driving wheel driven, takes turns, 2 speed measuring coders, electromagnetic braking unit, load adjustment unit, damping force detecting unit etc.The driving wheel two ends link to each other with fixed mount through bearing.Servomotor is connected with wheel shaft one end of driving wheel through shaft joint, and servomotor drives driving wheel.Scrambler is connected with the wheel shaft of the driving wheel other end through shaft joint, in order to measure the driving wheel rotating speed.The wheel that has brake disc links to each other with fixed mount through sliding pair to two ends.Scrambler through shaft joint with take turns right wheel shaft one end and be connected, in order to measuring wheel to rotating speed.The damping force detecting unit is made up of damping force sensor and fixed muffle, and is fixedly mounted on the fixed mount, and is big or small to the damping force at two ends in order to measure the wheel that produces because of braking.Brake unit is fixedly mounted on the fixed mount, is made up of electromagnetic braking parts and clamp, and the charged work of brake unit drives clamp and acts on the brake disc taking turns implementing braking.The load adjustment unit is installed in wheel respectively to both sides, and two ends are connected with fixed mount with spring suppport through the load adjusting lever respectively up and down, can adjust load wheel through the load adjusting lever.Electric-control system comprises compositions such as power-supply system, numbered card, AD/DA card, motor-driven card, environment monitoring sensor and industrial control computer.Servomotor links to each other with industrial control computer through motor driver, and 2 code device signals link to each other with numbered card, and the control of pressure sensor signal and electro-magnetic braking device is crossed industrial control computer control by the AD/DA cartoon and realized.
Principle of work of the present invention: (1) measuring wheel is big or small to the damping force under different motion speed, different loads, different braking operating mode situation: system carries out initialization through industrial control computer: promptly to 2 scramblers, pressure transducer, environment monitoring sensor and load adjusting device initialization.The control driven by servomotor makes wheel reach certain rotating speed to rotating speed; Gather damping force detecting sensor reading and note down through industrial control computer; Control electro-magnetic braking device then and implement braking; Control servomotor idle running simultaneously, record-keeping system power detecting sensor reading changes, and calculates corresponding formulation power through compensation.Equally, changing wheel steps up the damping force that parameter such as power can obtain under the different operating mode situation and changes to rotating speed, initial load, clamping device; (2) the braking procedure principle that analog wheel is right: system carries out initialization through industrial control computer, promptly to 2 scramblers, pressure transducer, environment monitoring sensor and load adjusting device initialization.The control driven by servomotor makes wheel reach the setting rotating speed to rotating speed; Gather damping force detecting sensor reading and note down through industrial control computer; Control electro-magnetic braking device then and implement braking; Detect the damping force pressure sensor readings in real time and change,, draw the control signal of servomotor through compensation, calculating.Control the servomotor rotating speed until stopping operating through industrial control computer.Whole process record is formulated variation, 2 scrambler readings of power, and then analyzes parameter characteristics such as formulating distance.(3) under different loads, various braking situation, slide experiment; Be the principle of work that concerns between maximum braking force/maximum speed: system carries out initialization through industrial control computer, promptly to 2 scramblers, pressure transducer, environment monitoring sensor and load adjusting device initialization.Set certain load through load adjusting device, the control electro-magnetic braking device is implemented certain braking, starts driven by servomotor and makes wheel to rotating, and monitor 2 scrambler readings and change, when variation reaches certain limit, the idle running of control servomotor.Write down the parameters such as damping force of whole process.Compensate, calculate the sliding state correlation parameter through industrial control computer.Equally, changing initial load, clamping device steps up parameter such as power and can obtain the sliding state parameter under the different operating modes.
Owing to adopted such scheme, the present invention to have following characteristics: 1, the present invention can carry out single factors to the complicated factor of braking procedure to railway wheel and carry out simulation test, greatly reduces online experimentation cost and cycle; 2, control in real time based on industrial control computer, realize all kinds of Work condition analogues through corresponding algorithm, system provides reference and foundation for the exploitation formulation; 3, adopt modular design method, make that respectively to influence parameter adjustment quick and easy, systemic price ratio is high; 4, system design is simple, compact, safeguards with perfect convenient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is system global structure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the A of Fig. 1 of the present invention is to view.
Fig. 3 is the B place partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 2 of the present invention.
Among Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, driving wheel 1, fixed mount 2, servomotor bracing frame 3, servomotor 4, servomotor shaft joint 5, load adjustment spring suppport 6, load adjustment spring 7, load adjusting mechanism 8, load pressure sensor 9, wheel to 10, electro-magnetic braking device 11, wheel to scrambler 12, wheel to scrambler shaft joint 13, wheel to scrambler bracing frame 14, driving wheel scrambler shaft joint 15, driving wheel scrambler 16, driving wheel scrambler bracing frame 17, sliding pair 18, fixed muffle 19, damping force detecting sensor 20, coupling bolt 21, wheel set bearing block 22.
Fig. 4 is an electric-control system block diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment the present invention is further described.
Railway wheel of the present invention is to formulating general structure such as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2 of characteristic test system.System of the present invention by fixed cell, power transmission and detecting unit, the wheel to forming with rotation detecting unit, load adjustment unit, braking and detecting unit.Wherein: fixed cell is fixedly connected with ground by fixed mount 2, connects the basis for total system provides.Power transmission and detecting unit are made up of driving wheel 1, servomotor bracing frame 3, servomotor 4, servomotor shaft joint 5, driving wheel scrambler shaft joint 15, driving wheel scrambler 16, driving wheel scrambler bracing frame 17.Wheel to rotation detecting unit by wheel to 10, scrambler 12, scrambler shaft joint 13, scrambler bracing frame 14 form.The load adjustment unit is made up of spring bracing 6, load adjustment spring 7, load adjusting mechanism 8, loading force detecting sensor 9.Braking and detecting unit are made up of electro-magnetic braking device 11, sliding pair 18, fixed muffle 19, damping force detecting sensor 20, coupling bolt 21, wheel set bearing block 22.
Fixed mount 2 is connected with ground, connects the basis for total system provides.Servomotor bracing frame 3 links to each other with fixed mount 2, as the support platform of servomotor 4.Driving wheel 1 links to each other with fixed mount through bearing, can rotate around axis, and the axle right-hand member of driving wheel 1 links to each other with servomotor 4 through servomotor shaft joint 5, drives the rotation of driving wheel 1 through the driving of servomotor 4.The left end of the axle of driving wheel 1 links to each other with scrambler 16 through scrambler shaft joint 15.Scrambler 16 is fixedly connected with scrambler bracing frame 17, and scrambler 16 is used for detecting the rotation situation of driving wheel 1.Scrambler bracing frame 17 is fixedly connected with fixed mount 1.Wheel is connected with driving wheel 1 contact 10, takes turns to the parallel axes of 10 axis and driving wheel and on same vertical plane.Wheel is separately installed with the load adjustment unit to 10 axle head both sides, and wherein an end links to each other with scrambler 12 through scrambler shaft joint 13 in the load adjustment unit outside, and scrambler 12 is fixedly connected with scrambler fixed mount 14, and scrambler 12 is used for detection wheel to 10 rotating speed.Wheel can left and right motion on sliding pair 18 to 10 bearing, and sliding pair 18 is not born the vertical force that wheel produces 10 weight and load unit of adjustment.Wheel is fixing through wheel set bearing block 22 and 20 adjustment of damping force detecting sensor to the left and right position of 10 bearing, promptly comes regulating wheel to 10 position, the left and right sides through the position of adjustment wheel set bearing block 22 and damping force detecting sensor 20.Load adjustment unit symmetry be installed in wheel to 10 the axle two ends; Spring bracing 5 is fixedly connected with fixed mount 2; Load adjustment spring links to each other with load adjusting mechanism 8 with spring bracing 5 respectively at two ends about in the of 7; Make load adjust the length variations of spring 7 through adjustment load adjusting mechanism 8, to realize the purpose of load change.Two load force sensors 9 are installed in wheel respectively in the middle of the top, two ends of 10 axle and the load adjusting mechanism 8, and it is big or small to the loading force at 10 axle two ends to be used for measuring the wheel that causes because of load change.11 of clamping device are installed in wheel to 10 central part, and electro-magnetic braking device 11 1 ends are fixedly connected with fixed mount 2, and the other end is implemented braking actions to wheel to 10 through clamp.Fixed muffle 19 is installed on the fixed mount 2 through coupling bolt 21, sliding pair 18 outsides and fixed muffle 19 1 end in contact, and the inboard of sliding pair 18 can be moved along the axis direction of damping force detecting sensor 20.Damping force sensor 20 is fixedly mounted on the fixed muffle 19, and the end of damping force sensor 20 contacts with wheel set bearing.Sliding pair 18, fixed muffle 19, damping force sensor 20, coupling bolt 21, wheel set bearing block 22 amounts to 2 and overlaps respectively that symmetry is installed in fixed mount 2 both sides.
Railway wheel of the present invention is following to the process of the test of braking characteristic pilot system: system carries out initialization through industrial control computer, promptly scrambler 12, scrambler 16, loading force detecting sensor 9, damping force detecting sensor 20 is carried out initialization.Adjustment load adjusting mechanism 8 makes load be adjusted to setting means; Control servomotor 4 then and drive wheel is rotated 10, the row operation of going forward side by side of the reading of gathering damping force detecting sensor 20, scrambler 12, scrambler 16 and loading force detecting sensor 9 through industrial control computer.
The test that apparatus of the present invention can be carried out has:
(1) test braking force: implement braking through industrial control computer control electro-magnetic braking device 11.Write down and analyze the reading of 2 damping force detecting sensors 20.Changing wheel steps up the damping force that parameter such as power can obtain under the different operating mode situation and changes to rotating speed, initial load, clamping device.
(2) braking procedure simulation: implement braking through industrial control computer control electro-magnetic braking device 11.Industrial control computer will be according to damping force detecting sensor 20, loading force detecting sensor 9, scrambler 12, scrambler 16 readings, according to the rotating speed of set algorithm control servomotor 4, and then the simulating brake process.Equally, changing wheel steps up parameter such as power and can simulate the braking procedure under the different operating mode situation to rotating speed, initial load, clamping device.
(3) coasting test: implement braking through industrial control computer control electro-magnetic braking device 11.Industrial control computer will be according to damping force detecting sensor 20, loading force detecting sensor 9, scrambler 12, scrambler 16 readings, and rotating speed to the driving wheel 1 of controlling servomotor 4 according to set algorithm slides 10 with wheel.The record related data is also analyzed, and is same, and change initial load, clamping device step up power, driving wheel 1 and take turns 10 surface in contact situation, can obtain the taxiing characteristics under the different operating mode situation.
Fig. 4 is the automatically controlled block diagram of total system of the present invention.Electric-control system is made up of industrial control computer, man-machine interface, control algolithm, multi-channel A/DA card, numbered card, precision electric motor driving card, data processing, demonstration printing equipment, environment monitoring sensor.Wherein: industrial control computer is realized man-machine conversation as total system control central authorities, functions such as control enforcement, computing printing.The AD/DA card to system's 4 tunnel force sensor signals gather in real time, filtering, amplification, storage etc.Numbered card is then gathered, is write down and judge 2 scramblers through industrial control computer.The precision electric motor control card is then implemented control according to the industrial control computer signal to servomotor.The environmental parameter of environment monitoring sensor register system work, in order to system is demarcated, compensation etc.After system works is accomplished, industrial control computer will show and print experimental result that total data is stored with the form of file according to relevant requirements.
Device of the present invention is implemented the multistage brake function through brake unit; Setting multistage load through the load adjustment unit heavily changes with the simulation axle; Realize the adjustment of driving wheel rotating speed through servomotor; With wheel the surface in contact operating mode is adjusted adhesion through changing driving wheel.The taxiing characteristics analysis is simulated, braked to the final railway wheel of realizing to the damping force detection under the different operating modes of braking procedure and analysis, braking procedure.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is can understand and use the present invention for ease of the those of ordinary skill of this technical field.The personnel of skilled obviously can easily make various modifications to these embodiment, and needn't pass through performing creative labour being applied in the General Principle of this explanation among other embodiment.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to the embodiment here, those skilled in the art should be within protection scope of the present invention for improvement and modification that the present invention makes according to announcement of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a railway wheel is to the braking characteristic analogue means, and it is characterized in that: it comprises:
Fixed cell is connected with ground, connects the basis for device provides, and said fixed cell is a fixed mount;
Power transmission and detecting unit; For driving wheel provides power drive; And the rotation speed change of detection driving wheel, said power transmission and detecting unit comprise driving wheel, servomotor, servomotor shaft coupling, driving wheel scrambler and driving wheel scrambler shaft coupling, driving wheel links to each other with fixed mount through bearing; One end of driving wheel links to each other with servomotor through the servomotor shaft coupling, and the other end of driving wheel links to each other with the driving wheel scrambler through driving wheel scrambler shaft coupling;
Wheel to rotation detecting unit; Detection wheel is to rotation speed change; Said take turns to rotation detecting unit comprise wheel to, wheel to scrambler and wheel to the scrambler shaft coupling, wheel is taken turns the right axis and the parallel axes of driving wheel to being connected with driving wheel contact; And on a vertical plane, take turns a right end and the scrambler shaft coupling is linked to each other to scrambler with wheel through wheel;
The load adjustment unit; To taking turns to loading vertical force; And the size of detection vertical force, said load adjustment unit comprises load adjusting mechanism, load adjustment spring, spring bracing and loading force detecting sensor, spring bracing and fixed mount are connected; Load adjustment spring links to each other with the load adjusting mechanism with spring bracing respectively at two ends up and down, and the loading force detecting sensor is installed in the middle of wheel right the axle head top and load adjusting mechanism;
Braking and detecting unit; Wheel is braked loading; And the size of detection damping force, said braking and detecting unit comprise electro-magnetic braking device, fixed muffle, sliding pair and damping force sensor, electro-magnetic braking device is installed on wheel to central part; One of which end and fixed mount are connected, and the other end is to taking turns implementing braking action; Fixed muffle is installed on the fixed mount through web member; The sliding pair outside and fixed muffle one end in contact, inboard axis direction along the damping force sensor moves, and takes turns right bearing move left and right on sliding pair; The damping force sensor is fixed on the fixed muffle, and its end contacts with wheel set bearing;
Wherein power transmission and detecting unit, wheel be to being installed on respectively on the fixed cell with rotation detecting unit and braking and detecting unit, the load adjustment unit be installed on wheel to rotation detecting unit on.
2. railway wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the braking characteristic analogue means: said load adjustment unit is two groups, and symmetry is installed on the two ends of the right axle of wheel respectively.
3. railway wheel as claimed in claim 1 is to the braking characteristic analogue means; It is characterized in that: electro-magnetic braking device is one group in said braking and the detecting unit; Damping force sensor, fixed muffle and sliding pair are two groups, and damping force sensor, fixed muffle and sliding pair symmetry respectively are installed on the fixed mount both sides.
4. railway wheel as claimed in claim 1 is to the braking characteristic analogue means; It is characterized in that: said power transmission and detecting unit also comprise servomotor bracing frame, driving wheel scrambler bracing frame; As the support platform of servomotor and driving wheel scrambler, it is locked on the fixed mount separately respectively; The said wheel also comprising wheel to the scrambler bracing frame with detecting unit, as the support platform of wheel to scrambler, it is locked on the fixed mount.
Like each described railway wheel of claim 1-4 to the braking characteristic analogue means; It is characterized in that: it also is provided with electric-control system it is carried out control and treatment; It comprises that industrial control computer, man-machine interface, control algolithm, multi-channel A/DA card, numbered card, precision electric motor drive card, data processing, demonstration printing equipment and environment monitoring sensor; Wherein: industrial control computer is central as whole device control, realizes man-machine conversation, and control is implemented, the computing printing function; The AD/DA card to the sensor signal in the device gather in real time, filtering, amplification, storage; Numbered card is then gathered, is write down and judge scrambler through industrial control computer; Precision electric motor drives card and then according to the industrial control computer signal servomotor is implemented control; The environmental parameter of environment monitoring sensor pen recorder work is in order to demarcate, to compensate device.
CN2010102759456A 2010-09-08 2010-09-08 Device for stimulating braking characteristics of railway wheel pair Active CN101975670B (en)

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