Flue dust is removed technology and device in the wet ammonia method for flue gas desulfurizing
Technical field
The present invention is the environmental protection field, relates to a kind of flue dust and removes technology, specifically refers to the removal technology and the device thereof of flue dust in a kind of wet ammonia method for flue gas desulfurizing technology.
Background technology
Along with concentrating of industrial expansion and population, surrounding air has been subjected to more and more serious pollution.Atmosphere is being caused in the gaseous contaminant of pollution SO
2Be topmost pollutant, its quantity maximum, influence area is the widest, the difficulty of governance maximum.According to the statistics of State Environmental Protection Administration, from the annual SO of beginning China in 1996
2Discharge capacity surpasses 1,550 ten thousand, has become the first in the world discharging big country.The area that China is influenced by acid rain surpasses 30%, and the economic loss that causes every year is above 1,000 hundred million yuan.And China is large agricultural country on the other hand, needs a large amount of import sulphur resources in order to produce chemical fertilizer.Therefore the sulphur in the flue gas is recycled and had crucial meaning.
Ammonia desulfurizing process is a kind of flue gas desulfurization technique of realizing that the sulphur resource fully reclaims.Ammonia is a kind of good alkaline absorbent, and its alkalescence is better than calcium-base absorbing agent.Absorbing with ammonia in the flue gas is solution-air or gas-solid/liquid/gas reactions, and reaction rate is fast, absorbent utilization rate height, and the desulfuration efficiency height, the desulfurization expense is low.Byproduct can obtain the ammonium sulfate fertilizer of better economic benefit, further reduces desulphurization cost.
Ammonia desulfurizing process is through the development of more than ten years, technology is quite ripe, but still having some technological difficulties, especially anticorrosion in system, flue dust is to the obstruction of desulfurization and thiamines production system, need do further skill upgrading to the aspects such as quality stability of thiamines byproduct.Flue dust easy block system not only wherein, also easy wear equipment pipeline, crystallization also has considerable influence to the desulfurization by-product simultaneously.
At the problems referred to above, two kinds of technologies are generally taked in the removal of existing ammonia-process desulfurization technique flue dust: the one, and, pre-dedusting is that flue gas enters desulphurization system after by the dedusting of relevant device device again, as water scrubber etc. is set; The 2nd, desulphurizing and dust-removing integral, such technology is to carry out dedusting by drip washing flue gas in desulfurizer.These two kinds of technologies all exist some problems, the former device structure complexity, and floor space is big, and SR is big, energy consumption is high; Latter's efficiency of dust collection is not high, and lime-ash easily is deposited on desulphurization system simultaneously.Therefore develop that a kind of flue dust removal effect is good, simple to operate, the little wet-type ammonia dust collecting process of investment just has good using value.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: propose flue dust removal technology and device in a kind of wet ammonia method for flue gas desulfurizing, adopt this technology can obtain higher efficiency of dust collection, technological process simultaneously is simple, system architecture is simplified, operating cost is cheap.A kind of process and device for preparing the high-quality byproduct ammonium sulfate especially proposed.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: flue dust is removed technology in a kind of wet ammonia method for flue gas desulfurizing: flue dust is removed technology can be divided into two flow processs, and promptly flue dust is removed and the ammonium sulfate post processing; Ammonium sulfate post processing flow process is: the ammonium sulfate slurry of the desulfurization that desulphurization system produces is delivered to cyclone separator, and the underflow head piece of cyclone separator links to each other with the import of centrifuge, and the solid outlet of centrifuge links to each other with drying machine; Flue dust is removed flow process: the liquid (liquid that comprises contained fine material) of the last overfall of described cyclone separator and the liquid outlet of described centrifuge are linked to each other with filtering separation device, enter circulating slot or liquid hopper again after removing its flue dust of carrying secretly by filtering separation device, to circulate next time; Thus, comprehensive process processing can be realized, after its separation, drying, after the packing machine packing, export trade can be realized the byproduct of ammonium sulfate slurries of desulfurization generation.
The concrete principle of each step:
1) flue dust is removed
The ammonium sulfate slurry of desulphurization system tangentially enters cyclone separator along charging aperture, and solid particle is moved downward along wall with rotating liquid by centrifugal action, is discharged by underflow opening at last; Clear liquid liquid or the liquid that contains subparticle are then discharged by the overfall of cyclone separator.Therefore, the sulphur ammonium slip material of flue dust major part after with enrichment enters centrifuge, and small part is overflowed with clear liquid.After slip enters centrifuge, because of flue dust proportion less relatively, under centrifugal action, with centrifuge mother liquor discharge centrifuge rotary drum.
The overfall of cyclone separator is discharged overflowing liquid and is entered filtering separation device with the centrifuge mother liquor, to remove flue dust wherein.This filtering separation device can be centrifuge, seperator or filter.The lime-ash of separating enters detritus tank, regularly handles.The liquid of removing behind its flue dust of carrying secretly enters circulating slot or liquid hopper again.
2) sulphur ammonium post processing
The ammonium sulfate slurry solid content that desulphurization system is produced is at 5%-15%, and through the centrifugal enrichment of cyclone separator, the underflow solid content can reach 40%-60%, and overflowing liquid is generally saturated solution or contains a small amount of subparticle.
After cyclone underflow liquid flowed out and enters the rotary drum of centrifuge, under centrifugal action, liquid constantly passed the filter medium of rotary drum inboard, and the discharge of the hole on wall rotary drum, and solid phase particles then is trapped in the surface of filter medium.By continuous centrifugal filtration, the sulphur ammonium water content of centrifuge output can be reduced to 3%-5%.Consider the stability of blanking, can between cyclone and centrifuge, set up the stiff equipment or the buffer unit of sulphur ammonium.
Sulphur ammonium material after centrifugation enters drying machine, and this drying machine is generally the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection drier, concrete optional pneumatic conveyer dryer, sulfuration bed dryer, spray dryer etc.Dried ammonium sulfate products water content can reach below 1%.According to the concrete condition of selected drier type and material, can consider whether to set up material and break up device.
Dried material enters and carries out export trade after the packing machine packing is handled, and can realize recycling economy.
The present invention is for realizing flue dust removal device in the custom-designed wet ammonia process desulfurizing of above-mentioned technology,
Its key content just is determining of filtering separation device.Consider by following each side:
Flue dust removal device in the wet ammonia method for flue gas desulfurizing: circulating slot or liquid hopper by cyclone separator, centrifuge, drying machine and filtering separation device, detritus tank, band agitating device constitute, the overfall of cyclone separator is discharged overflowing liquid and is connected the filtering separation device of removing flue dust with the outlet of centrifuge mother liquor, the cyclone separator outlet at bottom connects centrifuge, and the solid outlet of centrifuge links to each other with drying machine; Filtering separation device can be a kind of in sedimentation centrifuge, seperator or spinning liquid filter press, the rotary drum vacuum filter; Especially screw settling conveyer centrifugal, filtering separation device solid separating opening connects detritus tank, and filtering separation device fluid separation applications mouth connects circulating slot or liquid hopper.Circulating slot or liquid hopper band are disturbed jitter apparatus.
Can between cyclone and centrifuge, set up the stiff equipment or the buffer unit of sulphur ammonium as required.
Described drying machine is generally the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection drier, concrete optional pneumatic conveyer dryer, sulfuration bed dryer, spray dryer etc.
Compare with existing invented technology, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Technology of the present invention can be removed the flue dust that ammonia process of desulfurization accessory substance ammonium sulfate slurry is carried secretly efficiently, removes flue dust again by first centrifugation, and the treating capacity that has reduced dedust workshop section is arranged.
One, the present invention considers that flue dust proportion is less relatively, by earlier centrifugal flue dust is overflowed with centrifuge mother liquor, removes flue dust by filtering separation device again, reduced ash disposal workshop section treating capacity, improved treatment effeciency;
Its two, the present invention utilizes material fluid bath as circulating slot, and desulphurization system and sulphur ammonium is system combined, can realize the dedusting that circulates;
Its three, the present invention removes the post processing of sulphur ammonium and flue dust and combines, technology and system are simple, floor space is little, operating cost is low.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 removes the schematic diagram of process unit for flue dust in the wet ammonia process desulfurizing of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1-cyclone separator, 2-centrifuge, 3-filter, 4-drying machine, 5-packing machine, 6-material fluid bath, 7-agitator, 8-feed pump.
The specific embodiment:
The screw settling conveyer centrifugal
A. quantity-produced demand:
For realizing continuous production, ash handling equipment also needs operation continuously, needs to select continuous operation type separating and filtering equipment.Generally can be a kind of in sedimentation centrifuge, disk centrifuge, spinning liquid filter press, the rotary drum vacuum filter.
B. the demand of separating power:
Consider the equipment extensive use, generally need separable solid phase particles equivalent diameter 1-1000 μ m, solid-liquid phase density difference at 0.05-0.10g/cm
3, solid concentration is at the suspension of 1%-60%.
C. the demand of production capacity:
The fume amount that the production capacity of ash handling equipment and sulphur ammonium slip are carried secretly has direct relation.And dust burdening depends on the exhaust gas volumn and the dust burdening of desulphurization system.Generally require solid phase output to reach 20-500kg/h.
Examine the compressibility of rate simultaneously, select for use sedimentation centrifuge comparatively suitable to soot dust granule.In general, spiral discharge sedimentation centrifuge is for selecting advantages such as lock out operation is continuous, good separating effect, material adaptability is strong, unit production capacity is big that it has preferably.
The structure of putting-down machine and principle
The defeated material spiral of concentric installation is arranged in the solid bowl of differential rotation, and the two rotates in the same way with certain differential, and this speed discrepancy is produced by differential mechanism.The charge pipe of suspension through the center adds the spiral inner core and tentatively enters rotary drum after the acceleration, and under centrifugal action, heavier solid precipitation forms the sediment layer on rotatory drum wall, is pushed into rotary drum awl section by spiral and further dewaters after the discharge of small end slag notch; Lighter liquid phase then forms the internal layer pendular ring and is discharged by big end overfall.The ammonium sulfate slurries of the solid content 5%-10% that desulphurization system is come enter eddy flow current divider 1, and the underflow liquid that reaches 40%-60% by dehydration separation formation solid content enters centrifuge 2.
After cyclone underflow liquid enters the rotary drum of centrifuge 2, under centrifugal action, the wet sulphur ammonium of output sulphur ammonium water content 3%-5%.
The cyclone overflowing liquid enters filter 3 with the centrifuge mother liquor, removes wherein flue dust by isolated by filtration.Filter the back mother liquor and enter material fluid bath 6, filter residue is delivered to detritus tank.Material fluid bath solution regularly is delivered to desulphurization system through feed pump 8, circulates.For preventing ash deposition, material fluid bath 6 is provided with agitator 7.
Wet sulphur ammonium after centrifugation enters drying machine 4, obtains the ammonium sulfate products of moisture<1% after the drying, reenters packing machine 5 packings and can obtain commodity sulphur ammonium.
Application example of the present invention:
Referring to Fig. 1, provide a concrete application example of the present invention:
The desulfurization flue dust that is used for the steam boiler coal-fired flue gas desulfurization engineering of 260t/h is removed device.The exhaust gas volumn of desulphurization system is 245000Nm
3/ h, flue gas SO
2Content is 3800mg/Nm
3, dust content is 250mg/Nm
3
The device principal character:
1) sulphur ammonium preparation system
Cyclone---treating capacity 20m
3/ h;
Centrifuge---twin-stage pushing piston formula, treating capacity 2.5t/h
Drying machine---vibrated fluidized bed, treating capacity 2.5t/h
2) impurity removed system
Filter separator---spiral discharge settling machine, disposal ability are 1t/h;
The result:
The sulphur ammonium slip that is delivered to after-treatment system is 19252kg/h, and after system handles, ammonium sulfate output is 1906kg/h, and the grey quantity of slag is 37.36kg/h.Ash amount 23.89kg/h in the ammonium sulfate products that obtains, N content is 20.7% in the product at this moment, satisfies the GB535-1995 requirement.