CN101970835B - Stop control device for engine - Google Patents
Stop control device for engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101970835B CN101970835B CN200980105113.5A CN200980105113A CN101970835B CN 101970835 B CN101970835 B CN 101970835B CN 200980105113 A CN200980105113 A CN 200980105113A CN 101970835 B CN101970835 B CN 101970835B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- throttling valve
- mentioned
- aperture
- suction throttling
- suction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/042—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D11/00—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
- F02D11/06—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
- F02D11/10—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
- F02D11/105—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type characterised by the function converting demand to actuation, e.g. a map indicating relations between an accelerator pedal position and throttle valve opening or target engine torque
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/02—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D11/00—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
- F02D11/06—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
- F02D11/10—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
- F02D11/106—Detection of demand or actuation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/02—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
- F02D2009/0201—Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
- F02D2009/0233—Engine vibration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/02—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
- F02D2009/0201—Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
- F02D2009/0245—Shutting down engine, e.g. working together with fuel cut-off
Abstract
A stop control device for an engine can suppress vibration of the engine in the stopping of the engine and at the same time prevent a collision of a valve element of an intake restriction valve. The stop control device has the intake restriction valve (13) provided in the intake path (11) of the engine (1) in an openable and closable manner and capable of opening and closing the intake path (11), and also has control means (14) for controlling the intake restriction valve (13). In the stopping of the engine (1), the control means (14) controls the intake restriction valve (13) such that the intake restriction valve (13) is closed quickly to a predetermined opening degree near a totally closed position and also such that, when the intake restriction valve (13) reaches the predetermined opening degree near the totally closed position, in order that a large impact is not generated when the intake restriction valve (13) closes the intake path (11), the intake restriction valve (13) is closed more slowly to the totally closed position than when closed to the predetermined opening degree near the totally closed position.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stop control of motor, in order to suppress engine luggine during engine stop, being closed in the air suction way of motor by suction throttling valve when engine stop.
Background technique
Known following technology: in order to suppress engine luggine during engine stop, when making engine stop, close (by suction throttling valve full cut-off) in the air suction way of motor by suction throttling valve, and cut off the suction air (such as with reference to patent documentation 1 and 2 etc.) to motor supply.When by suction throttling valve full cut-off, by by suction throttling valve quick closedown to becoming full cut-off, can promptly cut off to motor supply suction air, burning can be made to reduce rapidly, therefore effective to the suppression of engine luggine during engine stop.But, when by suction throttling valve full cut-off, when by suction throttling valve quick closedown to when becoming full cut-off, worry the impact of valve of suction throttling valve, therefore use filter to close (with reference to Fig. 4).
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 11-13494 publication
Patent documentation 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2006-258078 publication
The filter used during suction throttling valve full cut-off is had following balance characteristic: when this filter comparatively strong (suction throttling valve is closed lentamente) time, by elongated for the time required till suction throttling valve full cut-off, engine luggine during engine stop is had an impact, on the other hand, when this filter more weak (by suction throttling valve quick closedown), worry the impact of the valve that suction throttling valve occurs.Therefore, require that the impact of the suppression of engine luggine when taking into account engine stop and the valve of suction throttling valve prevents.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the invention is to, provide a kind of stop control of motor, the suppression of engine luggine when can take into account engine stop and the impact of the valve body of suction throttling valve prevent.
To achieve these goals, device of the present invention is, possesses: suction throttling valve, can openedly and closedly be arranged in the air suction way of motor, can close in this air suction way, control mechanism, controls this suction throttling valve, and Measuring opening mechanism, the aperture of above-mentioned suction throttling valve is detected, above-mentioned control mechanism is, when making above-mentioned engine stop, do not control above-mentioned suction throttling valve with using filter to make the regulation aperture near above-mentioned suction throttling valve quick closedown to full cut-off, after above-mentioned suction throttling valve being controlled to the regulation aperture near above-mentioned full cut-off, in the aperture according to the above-mentioned suction throttling valve detected by above-mentioned Measuring opening mechanism, be judged to be that the aperture of above-mentioned suction throttling valve converges on the afore mentioned rules aperture near full cut-off, and after the overshoot of the aperture of above-mentioned suction throttling valve and undershoot restrained, filter ground is used to control above-mentioned suction throttling valve, close to certain speed more lentamente till the afore mentioned rules aperture comparing near full cut-off to make above-mentioned suction throttling valve and become full cut-off.
Herein, above-mentioned control mechanism also can make above-mentioned suction throttling valve close to full cut-off with certain speed lentamente from the afore mentioned rules aperture near full cut-off.
The effect of invention:
According to the present invention, play following excellent results: the suppression of engine luggine when can take into account engine stop and the impact of the valve body of suction throttling valve prevent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the skeleton diagram of the stop control of the motor of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the process chart of ECU.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the action of the suction throttling valve representing embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the action of the suction throttling valve representing past case.
The explanation of symbol:
1 motor (diesel engine)
11 air suction ways (sucking pipe)
13 suction throttling valves (intake throttle valve: air inlet shutter)
14 ECU (control mechanism)
19 valve opening sensors (Measuring opening mechanism)
Embodiment
Below, a preferred mode of execution of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, motor (being diesel engine in the present embodiment) 1 comprises cylinder (inflator) 2, cylinder head 3, piston 4, intakeport 5, relief opening 6, Aspirating valves 7, outlet valve 8 and sparger (fuel injection system) 9 etc.Firing chamber 10 is formed, from sparger 9 to firing chamber 10 inner direct fuel in the space divided by cylinder 2, cylinder head 3 and piston 4.Intakeport 5 is connected with air suction way (sucking pipe) 11, and relief opening 6 is connected with exhaust passageway (outlet pipe) 12.
The stop control of present embodiment possesses: suction throttling valve (air inlet shutter) 13, can openedly and closedly be arranged in air suction way 11, can close in air suction way 11; And control mechanism (hereinafter referred to as ECU) 14, control suction throttling valve 13.
The suction throttling valve 13 of present embodiment is the valve of butterfly.Suction throttling valve 13 has: valve (valve body) 15, can close air suction way 11 and be configured in air suction way 11 interiorly; And drive the driver (motor etc.) 16 of valve 15.
ECU14 reads the operating condition of motor 1 from various sensor class, according to the operating condition of this motor 1, controls suction throttling valve 13 with the aperture making the aperture of suction throttling valve 13 become regulation.As the sensor class, comprise the Measuring opening mechanism (valve opening sensor) 19 etc. to engine rotation sensor 17, the accelerator open degree sensor 18 of detection accelerator open degree and the aperture of detection suction throttling valve 13 (valve 15) that the rotating speed of motor 1 detects, the checkout value of these each sensors is transfused to ECU14.
Suction throttling valve 13, when the usual running of motor 1, is controlled the aperture of the regulation for obtaining the suction air quantity corresponding with the operating condition of motor 1 by ECU14.
In addition, ECU14, when making engine stop, in order to the motor 1 when suppressing engine stop vibrates, controls suction throttling valve 13 and closes in air suction way 11 to make valve 15.
Below, the action of the suction throttling valve 13 when utilizing Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 that engine stop is described.
As shown in Figure 3, if ignition key 20 becomes the cut-off S1 of t0, Fig. 2 (moment) from conducting, then ECU14 stops being sprayed to the fuel in firing chamber 10 by sparger 9, and control suction throttling valve 13 and become regulation aperture (aperture o1) near full cut-off fast to make suction throttling valve 13 (valve 15), and with not using filter by suction throttling valve 13 quick closedown to the regulation aperture o1 near full cut-off the S2 of t1, Fig. 2 (moment).
Then, ECU14 confirms whether valve 15 is stabilized in the regulation aperture o1 (whether the aperture of suction throttling valve 13 becomes the regulation aperture o1 near full cut-off) (S3 of Fig. 2) near full cut-off.
In the present embodiment, ECU14 is according to the aperture of the suction throttling valve 13 detected by valve opening sensor 19, being judged to not have the overshoot of valve 15 and undershoot, the aperture of suction throttling valve 13 (valve 15) is when converging on the regulation aperture o1 near full cut-off, is judged as that valve 15 is stabilized in the regulation aperture o1 (aperture of suction throttling valve 13 becomes the regulation aperture o1 near full cut-off) near full cut-off.
And, if ECU14 is judged as that valve 15 is stabilized in the regulation aperture o1 (aperture of suction throttling valve 13 becomes the regulation aperture o1 near full cut-off) near full cut-off, then control suction throttling valve 13 and become full cut-off with roughly certain speed lentamente to make suction throttling valve 13 (valve 15), more lentamente by the suction throttling valve 13 full cut-off S4 of t2, Fig. 2 (moment) till the regulation aperture o1 using filter to compare near full cut-off.
Here, the regulation aperture o1 near above-mentioned full cut-off is set to following aperture: the valve body 15 of overshoot and undershoot does not impact with the limiter in the internal face of air suction way 11 or air suction way 11 repeatedly.
In the present embodiment, when making engine stop, by by the regulation aperture o1 near suction throttling valve 13 quick closedown to full cut-off, the air in air suction way 11 can be cut off rapidly, and the burning reduced rapidly in firing chamber 10, engine speed can be made to reduce fast (with reference to Fig. 3).Therefore, it is possible to effectively suppress the motor 1 during engine stop to vibrate.
In addition, in the present embodiment, do not make suction throttling valve 13 with fast speed full cut-off, and make suction throttling valve 13 temporarily stop at regulation aperture o1 near full cut-off, and by suction throttling valve 13 from the regulation aperture o1 near full cut-off to becoming full cut-off, compare near full cut-off regulation aperture o1 close more lentamente, the impact of the valve 15 of suction throttling valve 13 can be avoided thus.
Above, according to the present embodiment, when making engine stop, control suction throttling valve 13 to make the regulation aperture o1 near suction throttling valve 13 quick closedown to full cut-off, when the aperture of suction throttling valve 13 becomes the regulation aperture o1 near full cut-off, in order to not produce excessive impact when suction throttling valve 13 is closed in air suction way 11, and control suction throttling valve 13 with making suction throttling valve 13 become full cut-off, close more lentamente till comparing the regulation aperture o1 near full cut-off, the suppression that motor 1 when can take into account engine stop thus vibrates, prevent with the impact of the valve body 15 of suction throttling valve 13.
Above, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned mode of execution, and other various mode of executions can be adopted.
Claims (2)
1. a stop control for motor, is characterized in that,
Possess: suction throttling valve, can openedly and closedly be arranged in the air suction way of motor, can close in this air suction way; Control mechanism, controls this suction throttling valve; And Measuring opening mechanism, the aperture of above-mentioned suction throttling valve is detected,
Above-mentioned control mechanism is,
When making above-mentioned engine stop, do not control above-mentioned suction throttling valve with using filter to make the regulation aperture near above-mentioned suction throttling valve quick closedown to full cut-off, after above-mentioned suction throttling valve being controlled to the regulation aperture near above-mentioned full cut-off, in the aperture according to the above-mentioned suction throttling valve detected by above-mentioned Measuring opening mechanism, be judged to be that the aperture of above-mentioned suction throttling valve converges on the afore mentioned rules aperture near full cut-off, and after the overshoot of the aperture of above-mentioned suction throttling valve and undershoot restrained, filter ground is used to control above-mentioned suction throttling valve, close to certain speed more lentamente till the afore mentioned rules aperture comparing near full cut-off to make above-mentioned suction throttling valve and become full cut-off.
2. the stop control of motor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Afore mentioned rules aperture is set to following aperture: the above-mentioned suction throttling valve of overshoot and undershoot does not impact with the limiter in the internal face of above-mentioned air suction way or above-mentioned air suction way repeatedly.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008-037456 | 2008-02-19 | ||
JP2008037456A JP5115233B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2008-02-19 | Engine stop control device |
PCT/JP2009/052672 WO2009104591A1 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2009-02-17 | Stop control device for engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101970835A CN101970835A (en) | 2011-02-09 |
CN101970835B true CN101970835B (en) | 2015-05-20 |
Family
ID=40985471
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN200980105113.5A Active CN101970835B (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2009-02-17 | Stop control device for engine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2251537B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5115233B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101970835B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2009216287B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009104591A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2317100A1 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-04 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Method and system to control an engine shut-down for a vehicle |
KR101826543B1 (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2018-02-07 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | System of vibration reduction for vehicle and method thereof |
JP5583258B1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-09-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Throttle learning control device |
JP6264329B2 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2018-01-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Vehicle drive control device |
KR101575536B1 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-12-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Method for controlling air control valve in diesel hybrid vehicle |
CN110714843A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-01-21 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Method and device for controlling vehicle engine, storage medium and vehicle |
CN109184922B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-11-10 | 贵州吉利发动机有限公司 | Engine stop control system, control method and automobile |
CN109372642A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-22 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of engine quickly stops working control method and device |
CN109854396B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2022-03-25 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Soft seating control method of electronic control throttle valve |
CN113982766A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-28 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Engine electronic throttle control method and system and automobile |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6011647A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1985-01-21 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Engine idle rotational speed control device |
JPS6125936A (en) * | 1984-07-13 | 1986-02-05 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Throttle-valve controller for internal-combustion engine for car |
DE3519220A1 (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1985-12-05 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa | DEVICE FOR THROTTLE CONTROL |
JP2516028B2 (en) * | 1987-08-27 | 1996-07-10 | 株式会社ミクニ | Throttle valve control device |
JPH039035A (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1991-01-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Throttle control device |
JPH03267530A (en) * | 1990-03-16 | 1991-11-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | Dush pot controller |
JPH0544530A (en) * | 1991-08-06 | 1993-02-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | Engine idling speed control device for internal combustion engine |
DE4218541C2 (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 2003-02-13 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | System for controlling an actuator in a motor vehicle |
JP3959131B2 (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 2007-08-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Automotive valve control device |
US5818178A (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1998-10-06 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Valve control apparatus for an automobile |
JPH1047128A (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 1998-02-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | Intake air quantity control device for internal combustion engine |
JP3358458B2 (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 2002-12-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Intake air amount control device for internal combustion engine |
EP0887534B1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2003-12-10 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus and method of controlling throttle valve in engine |
JPH1113494A (en) | 1997-06-26 | 1999-01-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | Step motor type intake air throttle valve |
JP4062459B2 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2008-03-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Engine stop / start control device and vehicle equipped with the same |
JP2000045827A (en) * | 1998-07-24 | 2000-02-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | Intake throttle valve control device for internal combustion engine |
DE10229238B4 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2021-09-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for regulating the position of an actuating element |
JP2006258078A (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | Control device for engine |
DE102006010905B4 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2012-12-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling an actuator of a motor vehicle |
-
2008
- 2008-02-19 JP JP2008037456A patent/JP5115233B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-02-17 CN CN200980105113.5A patent/CN101970835B/en active Active
- 2009-02-17 AU AU2009216287A patent/AU2009216287B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-02-17 EP EP09713282.3A patent/EP2251537B1/en active Active
- 2009-02-17 WO PCT/JP2009/052672 patent/WO2009104591A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2009216287A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
EP2251537A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
WO2009104591A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
EP2251537A4 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
AU2009216287B2 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
JP5115233B2 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
JP2009197604A (en) | 2009-09-03 |
CN101970835A (en) | 2011-02-09 |
EP2251537B1 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101970835B (en) | Stop control device for engine | |
EP2216694B1 (en) | System, method, apparatus and computer program product for providing improved engine control | |
JP5293897B2 (en) | Control device for internal combustion engine | |
US10024279B2 (en) | Apparatus for improving cooling efficiency of engine room in vehicle | |
CN108463620B (en) | Control method and control device for exhaust gas bypass valve | |
KR20170007877A (en) | System and method for removing surging noise of vehicle | |
JP2006266216A (en) | Intake/exhaust device for diesel engine | |
JP2006194143A (en) | Control device for engine | |
US20150047602A1 (en) | Engine Control Method and System | |
US10378488B2 (en) | Method of removing impurities from EGR by air blowing, EGR system, and vehicle including the same | |
JP2012017708A (en) | Method of controlling intake throttle valve for internal combustion engine | |
JP6369276B2 (en) | Internal combustion engine and control method for internal combustion engine | |
JP6128425B2 (en) | Supercharger control device for internal combustion engine | |
JP3942556B2 (en) | Wastegate valve control device for an internal combustion engine with a supercharger | |
JP5794796B2 (en) | Internal combustion engine | |
CN106351749B (en) | Method for controlling a back pressure valve | |
EP2840248A1 (en) | Control method and control system for internal combustion engine with turbocharger | |
JP4390790B2 (en) | Wastegate valve control device for an internal combustion engine with a supercharger | |
JP3824375B2 (en) | Diesel engine control device | |
US7565895B2 (en) | Method and system of controlling swirl control valve | |
JP6135548B2 (en) | engine | |
JP6255678B2 (en) | Control device for internal combustion engine | |
JP2003214192A (en) | Intake shutter valve control device for diesel engine and computer program therefor | |
JP6759557B2 (en) | Engine control | |
JP6766500B2 (en) | Engine control |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |