CN101966576A - Directional solidifying crystallization method of metal alloy magnet and device for implementing same - Google Patents
Directional solidifying crystallization method of metal alloy magnet and device for implementing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN101966576A CN101966576A CN 201010281898 CN201010281898A CN101966576A CN 101966576 A CN101966576 A CN 101966576A CN 201010281898 CN201010281898 CN 201010281898 CN 201010281898 A CN201010281898 A CN 201010281898A CN 101966576 A CN101966576 A CN 101966576A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a directional solidifying crystallization method of a metal alloy magnet and a device for implementing the same. The method specifically comprises the following steps: enabling the bottom end of the metal alloy magnet to be contacted with a cooling liquid surface, and heating the metal alloy magnet on the cooling liquid surface by high-frequency induction heating equipment; allowing the metal alloy magnet to enter cooling liquid at a steady rate along the fixed movement direction for solidifying crystallization; and applying a constant longitudinal magnetic field to the metal alloy magnet entering the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid, wherein, the direction of the longitudinal magnetic field is parallel to the movement direction of the metal alloy magnet. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of promoting grain orientation of the metal alloy magnet, improving crystallization orientation degree and enhancing anisotropy. In addition, the preferred method of the invention overcomes the problems of gravity segregation of alloy melt and too small and uncontrolled temperature gradient in the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the magnetic material preparing technical field, relate in particular to metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising and implement the device of this method.
Background technology
In magnetic material, high performance magnetic material because of its widely using value become the emphasis of various countries scientific worker research.
The directional solidification crystallization is to improve one of central factor of magnetic property, and countries in the world are often adopted the outer crystallisation of stove, power reduction method and power to reduce legal system and got directional solidification metal alloy magnet material at present.
The outer crystallisation of stove is melt metal alloy liquid to be poured into the top cover in the casting mold of exothermic mixture, bottom cooling, and foundry goods is solidified from top to bottom, realizes directional solidification.This method technology is simple, and cost is low, but the thermograde that obtains is little, and is difficult to control, causes cast properties poor, is not suitable for large-scale, premium casting production.
Power reduction method is that the heater with holding furnace is divided into several groups, and the segmentation heating realizes, after molten metal alloy liquid pours into holding furnace, and orderly close-down heater from bottom to top, metal alloy is then realized directional solidification from bottom to top.In the process of solidifying, thermograde reduces gradually, causes the columnar zone of acquisition shorter, and after closing heater, metal alloy liquid cooling but speed is slow.
Zone melting method is that by induction coil the metal alloy magnet to be warmed up to temperature required, obtains suitable thermograde.The crystallite dimension that obtains in this way is less, and crystal boundary is more straight than preceding two kinds of methods, and the column crystal size is also long than them, still exists the metal alloy magnet surface and the heart portion temperature difference big, the problem that inhomogeneous cooling is even.
In addition, have the heavily segregation of metal alloy liquor ratio in the said method, and the crystalline orientation degree of metal alloy in the directional solidification crystallization process treated in problems such as raisings.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising is provided and implements the device of this method, this method has the grain orientation that promotes the metal alloy magnet, the advantage that improves the crystalline orientation degree and strengthen anisotropic.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising, comprise high-frequency induction heating process and cooled and solidified crystallization process, concrete grammar is: with the bottom contact cooling liquid level of metal alloy magnet, by HF induction heating apparatus the metal alloy magnet on the cooling liquid level is heated then, the metal alloy magnet is entered along fixing moving direction with steady rate carry out solidification and crystallization in the cooling fluid, in described cooling fluid the metal alloy magnet that enters cooling fluid is applied constant longitudinal magnetic field, the magnetic direction of described longitudinal magnetic field is parallel with the moving direction of metal alloy magnet.
Among the present invention, when the metal alloy magnet enters when carrying out solidification and crystallization in the cooling fluid along fixing moving direction with steady rate, the solidification and crystallization direction of this metal alloy magnet is parallel with its moving direction, simultaneously because in the cooled and solidified crystallization process, the metal alloy magnet has been applied parallel with its moving direction, promptly parallel stationary magnetic field with its solidification and crystallization direction, help metal alloy and finish the brilliant process of selecting fast, stable solidification forward position tissue, improve the crystalline orientation degree of aluminium nickel cobalt, strengthen the anisotropic of aluminium nickel cobalt simultaneously.
In order to optimize method of the present invention, the measure that the present invention takes also comprises:
In the high-frequency induction heating process, the metal alloy magnet is applied constant transverse magnetic field, the magnetic direction of described transverse magnetic field is vertical with the moving direction of metal alloy magnet, make the inner induced-current that produces of alloy, thereby produce the gravity segregation that Lorentz force suppresses alloy melt.
When HF induction heating apparatus fixedly the time, the thermograde of metal alloy magnet is controlled to the distance the cooling liquid level by the electrical current and the induction coil in the HF induction heating apparatus of HF induction heating apparatus, thereby overcome too small, the restive problem of thermograde that exists in the prior art, can access desirable thermograde.
Implementing metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising of the present invention can adopt as lower device:
Implement the device of metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising, constitute by jacking equipment, HF induction heating apparatus and cooling device; Be shaped on anchor clamps on the described jacking equipment, the metal alloy magnet is fixed on the anchor clamps and with jacking equipment and moves up and down; Described HF induction heating apparatus comprises induction coil and high frequency induction power supply; Described cooling device is positioned at the induction coil below, the cooling bath that comprises cooling fluid and splendid attire cooling fluid, the cooling bath inner bottom part is provided with vertical magnet, and this longitudinal flux body is positioned on the induction coil central axis, and can produce the magnetic direction stationary magnetic field parallel with the induction coil central axis; During duty, the position of adjusting the metal alloy magnet makes its bottom contact cooling liquid level, open HF induction heating apparatus then the metal alloy magnet on the cooling liquid level is heated, the metal alloy magnet is entered in the cooling fluid with the center that jacking equipment passes induction coil downward vertically with stable speed.
In order to optimize said apparatus, the measure of taking also comprises:
Above-mentioned induction coil periphery is provided with transverse magnet, and described transverse magnet and induction coil are positioned at same plane, and can produce magnetic direction and the vertical stationary magnetic field of metal alloy magnet moving direction.
Above-mentioned transverse magnet is made of along the peripheral magnet of evenly placing of induction coil several piece, preferably forms along peripheral horizontal first magnet and horizontal second magnet staggered relatively of induction coil by two.
Above-mentioned vertical magnet is made of the magnet that several piece is placed on the cooling bath inner bottom part side by side, preferably is made of a magnet.
Above-mentioned cooling device is made up of cooling fluid, cooling bath and circulating pump.
Above-mentioned cooling fluid is aqueous water preferably.
The rising or falling speed of above-mentioned jacking equipment is adjustable, and preferred rising or falling speed is 2 mm/min～15 mm/min.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the device perspective view of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the front view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is that the alnico alloy magnet carries out TEM figure after the directional solidification crystallization among the embodiment 1.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the device of enforcement metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising, and Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are respectively front view and the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Reference numeral wherein is: jacking equipment 1, first anchor clamps 21, second anchor clamps 22, bar-shaped metal alloy magnet 3, HF induction heating apparatus 4, vertical magnet 5, induction coil 6, horizontal first magnet 71, horizontal second magnet 72, first fixture 81, second fixture 82, cooling device 9.
The device of enforcement metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising comprises jacking equipment 1, HF induction heating apparatus 4 and cooling device 9 as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3; Wherein, be shaped on two anchor clamps on the jacking equipment 1, i.e. first anchor clamps 21 and second anchor clamps 22 are used for fixing the two ends of bar-shaped metal alloy magnet 3, and it is moved up and down with jacking equipment 1, and the elevation rate of jacking equipment 1 can be regulated and control; HF induction heating apparatus 4 comprises induction coil 6 and high frequency induction power supply, induction coil 6 maintenance levels and highly fixing, the peripheral relative position place of induction coil 6 is provided with horizontal first magnet 71 and horizontal second magnet 72, be fixed on the periphery of induction coil 6 respectively by first fixture 81 and second fixture 82, horizontal first magnet 71 and horizontal second magnet 72 and induction coil 6 are in same plane, this plane is vertical with the moving direction of metal alloy magnet 3, and horizontal first magnet 71 can produce the constant transverse magnetic field vertical with metal alloy magnet 3 moving directions with horizontal second magnet 72; Induction coil 6 belows are cooling devices 9, cooling device 9 is made up of cooling fluid, cooling bath and circulating pump, cooling fluid can be liquid water, and the cooling fluid identity distance can be adjusted from the distance of induction coil 6, the cooling bath inner bottom part is provided with vertical magnet 5, this vertical magnet 5 is positioned on the central axis of induction coil 6, and can produce magnetic direction and solidify the parallel stationary magnetic field of direction with metal alloy magnet 3.
During duty, metal alloy magnet 3 two ends are fixing by first anchor clamps 21 and second anchor clamps 22, make metal alloy magnet 3 one ends vertically pass the center of induction coil 6, other end bottom contact cooling fluid, open 4 pairs of metal alloy magnets of HF induction heating apparatus 3 then and carry out Fast Heating, metal alloy magnet 3 is entered in the cooling fluid with the center that fixed rate passes induction coil 6 downward vertically with jacking equipment 1.When metal alloy magnet 3 when moving down, on the one hand the magnetic line of force because of the cutting transverse magnetic field produces induced-current, this induced-current produces Lorentz force, thereby has suppressed the gravity segregation of melt metal alloy magnet; Metal alloy magnet 3 part that enters cooling fluid is carried out solidification and crystallization on the other hand, this solidification and crystallization direction is parallel with the moving direction of metal alloy magnet 3, simultaneously, owing to be in the longitudinal magnetic field of vertical magnet 5 generations, the magnetic direction in this magnetic field is parallel with metal alloy magnet solidification and crystallization direction, thereby promoted metal alloy magnet 3 in the directional solidification crystallization, to finish the brilliant process of selecting fast, stable solidification forward position tissue, improve the crystalline orientation degree, strengthen the anisotropic of metal alloy magnet 3 simultaneously.
In addition, electrical current by regulating high frequency induction power supply and induction coil 6 can be controlled the thermograde of metal alloy magnet 3 to the distance between the cooling fluid, obtain desirable thermograde.
Embodiment 1:
Utilize the device of Fig. 1 to enforcement metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising shown in Figure 3, with diameter is that 10 millimeters, length are that 300 millimeters bar-shaped alnico alloy magnet carries out the directional solidification crystallization, wherein the electrical current of high frequency induction power supply is 60A, jacking equipment moves down with the speed of 2 mm/min, cooling body is a liquid cooled water, induction coil is 60 millimeters to the distance of cooling water liquid level, the magnetic induction intensity of the transverse magnet of induction coil 6 peripheries is 2T, and the magnetic induction intensity of vertical magnet of cooling bath inner bottom part is 2T.
Above-mentioned alnico alloy magnet carries out the transmission electron microscope figure after the directional solidification crystallization, be that TEM schemes as shown in Figure 4, as can be seen from the figure, the alnico alloy magnet has very regular crystalline orientation degree, contrast existing technology, after this device directional solidification crystallization, promoted the alnico alloy magnet grain orientation, improved its crystalline orientation degree and strengthened anisotropic, the gravity segregation that has suppressed the ferrochrome magnet has simultaneously overcome too small, the restive problem of thermograde.
Embodiment 2:
Utilize the device of Fig. 1 to enforcement metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising shown in Figure 3, with diameter is that 8 millimeters, length are that 200 millimeters bar-shaped ferrochrome magnet carries out the directional solidification crystallization, wherein the electrical current of high frequency induction power supply is 57A, jacking equipment moves down with the speed of 2 mm/min, cooling body is a liquid cooled water, induction coil is 40 millimeters to the distance of cooling water liquid level, the magnetic induction intensity of the transverse magnet of induction coil periphery is 2T, and the magnetic induction intensity of vertical magnet of cooling bath inner bottom part is 2T.
The TEM that above-mentioned ferrochrome magnet carries out after the directional solidification crystallization schemes similar shown in Figure 4, contrast existing technology, after this device directional solidification crystallization, promoted the ferrochrome magnet grain orientation, improved its crystalline orientation degree and strengthened anisotropic, the gravity segregation that has suppressed the ferrochrome magnet has simultaneously overcome too small, the restive problem of thermograde.
Embodiment 3:
Utilize the device of Fig. 1 to enforcement metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising shown in Figure 3, with diameter is that 6 millimeters, length are that 300 millimeters bar-shaped ickel-niobium alloy magnet carries out the directional solidification crystallization, wherein the electrical current of high frequency induction power supply is 60A, jacking equipment moves down with the speed of 5 mm/min, cooling body is a liquid cooled water, induction coil is 70 millimeters to the distance of cooling water liquid level, the magnetic induction intensity of the transverse magnet of induction coil periphery is 2T, and the magnetic induction intensity of vertical magnet of cooling bath inner bottom part is 2T.
The TEM that above-mentioned ickel-niobium alloy magnet carries out after the directional solidification crystallization schemes similar shown in Figure 4, contrast existing technology, after this device directional solidification crystallization, promoted the ickel-niobium alloy magnet grain orientation, improved its crystalline orientation degree and strengthened anisotropic, the gravity segregation that has suppressed the ferrochrome magnet has simultaneously overcome too small, the restive problem of thermograde.
Embodiment 4:
Described with embodiment 1, the electrical current of different is high frequency induction power supply is 61A, lifting platform moves down with the speed of 3 mm/min, and the magnetic induction intensity of the transverse magnet of induction coil periphery is 3T, and the magnetic induction intensity of vertical magnet of cooling bath inner bottom part is 3T.
The TEM that above-mentioned alnico alloy magnet carries out after the directional solidification crystallization schemes similar shown in Figure 4, contrast existing technology, after this device directional solidification crystallization, promoted the alnico alloy magnet grain orientation, improved its crystalline orientation degree and strengthened anisotropic, the gravity segregation that has suppressed the alnico alloy magnet has simultaneously overcome too small, the restive problem of thermograde.
Embodiment 5:
Described with embodiment 1, the electrical current of different is high frequency induction power supply is 65A, lifting platform moves down with the speed of 4 mm/min, and the magnetic induction intensity of the transverse magnet of induction coil periphery is 2.5T, and the magnetic induction intensity of vertical magnet of cooling bath inner bottom part is 2.5T.
The TEM that above-mentioned alnico alloy magnet carries out after the directional solidification crystallization schemes similar shown in Figure 4, contrast existing technology, after this device directional solidification crystallization, promoted the alnico alloy magnet grain orientation, improved its crystalline orientation degree and strengthened anisotropic, the gravity segregation that has suppressed the alnico alloy magnet has simultaneously overcome too small, the restive problem of thermograde.
Embodiment 6:
Described with embodiment 1, the electrical current of different is high frequency induction power supply is 63A, lifting platform moves down with the speed of 10 mm/min, and the magnetic induction intensity of the transverse magnet of induction coil periphery is 1.5T, and the magnetic induction intensity of vertical magnet of cooling bath inner bottom part is 2T.
The TEM that above-mentioned alnico alloy magnet carries out after the directional solidification crystallization schemes similar shown in Figure 4, contrast existing technology, after this device directional solidification crystallization, promoted the alnico alloy magnet grain orientation, improved its crystalline orientation degree and strengthened anisotropic, the gravity segregation that has suppressed the alnico alloy magnet has simultaneously overcome too small, the restive problem of thermograde.
Claims (10)
1. metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising, it is characterized in that: with the bottom contact cooling liquid level of metal alloy magnet, by HF induction heating apparatus the metal alloy magnet on the cooling liquid level is heated then, the metal alloy magnet is entered along fixing moving direction with steady rate carry out solidification and crystallization in the cooling fluid, in described cooling fluid the metal alloy magnet that enters cooling fluid is applied constant longitudinal magnetic field, the magnetic direction of described longitudinal magnetic field is parallel with the moving direction of metal alloy magnet.
2. metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the high-frequency induction heating process metal alloy magnet is applied constant transverse magnetic field, the magnetic direction of described transverse magnetic field is vertical with the moving direction of metal alloy magnet.
3. metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described HF induction heating apparatus is fixed, and the thermograde of described metal alloy magnet is controlled to the distance the cooling liquid level by the electrical current or the induction coil of HF induction heating apparatus.
4. implement the device of the described metal alloy magnet of claim 1 directional solidification method for crystallising, constitute by jacking equipment (1), HF induction heating apparatus (4) and cooling device (9), it is characterized in that: described jacking equipment is shaped on anchor clamps on (1), and metal alloy magnet (3) is fixed on the anchor clamps and with jacking equipment (1) and moves up and down; Described HF induction heating apparatus comprises induction coil (6) and high frequency induction power supply; Described cooling device (9) is positioned at induction coil (6) below, comprise cooling fluid and cooling bath, the cooling bath inner bottom part is provided with vertical magnet (5), described vertical magnet (5) is positioned on the central axis of induction coil (6) and can produces the stationary magnetic field, and the magnetic direction in described magnetic field is parallel with the central axis of induction coil (6); During duty, the position of adjusting metal alloy magnet (3) makes its bottom vertical contact cooling liquid level, open HF induction heating apparatus (4) then the metal alloy magnet (3) on the cooling liquid level is heated, metal alloy magnet (3) is entered in the cooling fluid with the center that jacking equipment (1) passes induction coil (6) downward vertically with fixing speed.
5. the device of enforcement metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described induction coil (6) periphery is provided with transverse magnet, described transverse magnet and induction coil (6) are positioned at same plane, and can produce magnetic direction and the vertical stationary magnetic field of metal alloy magnet (3) moving direction.
6. according to the device of claim 4 or 5 described enforcement metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising, it is characterized in that: described transverse magnet is made of along the peripheral magnet of evenly placing of induction coil (6) several piece.
7. according to the device of claim 4 or 5 described enforcement metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising, it is characterized in that: described vertical magnet (5) is made of the magnet that several piece is placed on the cooling bath inner bottom part side by side.
8. according to the device of claim 4 or 5 described enforcement metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising, it is characterized in that: described cooling fluid is an aqueous water.
9. according to the device of claim 4 or 5 described enforcement metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising, it is characterized in that: the rising or falling speed of described jacking equipment (1) is 2 mm/min～15 mm/min.
10. the device of enforcement metal alloy magnet directional solidification method for crystallising according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described transverse magnet is formed along peripheral horizontal first magnet (71) and horizontal second magnet (72) staggered relatively of induction coil (6) by two.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103990780A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-08-20 | 上海大学 | Method for manufacturing gradient materials under transverse magnetic field and directional solidification device |
| CN105081321A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-25 | 大连交通大学 | Cooling system for amorphous metal member formed in laser 3D printed manner and cooling method of cooling system |
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| GB942092A (en) * | 1961-06-22 | 1963-11-20 | Darwins Ltd | Improvements in or relating to permanent magnets and their manufacture |
| US3203768A (en) * | 1961-08-01 | 1965-08-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Apparatus of zone refining and controlling solute segregation in solidifying melts by electromagnetic means |
| CN1740370A (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2006-03-01 | 上海交通大学 | Axially oriented directional solidification process in magnetic field |
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2010
- 2010-09-10 CN CN 201010281898 patent/CN101966576A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB942092A (en) * | 1961-06-22 | 1963-11-20 | Darwins Ltd | Improvements in or relating to permanent magnets and their manufacture |
| US3203768A (en) * | 1961-08-01 | 1965-08-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Apparatus of zone refining and controlling solute segregation in solidifying melts by electromagnetic means |
| CN1740370A (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2006-03-01 | 上海交通大学 | Axially oriented directional solidification process in magnetic field |
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| 《有色金属》 20030228 时海芳 直流磁场对Al-Cu合金定向凝固组织的影响 13-14 1-10 第55卷, 第1期 2 * |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103990780A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-08-20 | 上海大学 | Method for manufacturing gradient materials under transverse magnetic field and directional solidification device |
| CN105081321A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-25 | 大连交通大学 | Cooling system for amorphous metal member formed in laser 3D printed manner and cooling method of cooling system |
| CN105081321B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-04-12 | 大连交通大学 | Cooling system for amorphous metal member formed in laser 3D printed manner and cooling method of cooling system |
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Application publication date: 20110209 |