CN101964422A - Perovskite type solid oxide fuel cell anode material - Google Patents

Perovskite type solid oxide fuel cell anode material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101964422A
CN101964422A CN2009101573071A CN200910157307A CN101964422A CN 101964422 A CN101964422 A CN 101964422A CN 2009101573071 A CN2009101573071 A CN 2009101573071A CN 200910157307 A CN200910157307 A CN 200910157307A CN 101964422 A CN101964422 A CN 101964422A
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anode material
value
perovskite
material according
fuel cell
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雷泽
张大勤
韩敏芳
蒋先锋
彭苏萍
王丽娜
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention provides an anode material applicable to a solid oxide fuel cell. The anode material is selected from any one of materials which are doped with an oxide with a perovskite structure (ABO3) and have a general formula I of (A1-x-yA'xA ''y) a (B1-z-wB'zB''w) Ob (I), wherein A is selected from Ba, La and lanthanide or a combination of all, A' is selected from Ca and Sr or a combination of Ca and Sr, A'' is Ag, B is selected form Y, Sc, Al, Ga, Cr and Ti, B' is selected from Mn, Fe, Ni and Co, and B'' is selected from Mg and Zn; in addition, x ranges from 0 to 1, y ranges from 0.4 to 0, and x and y meet the condition of 0<=x+y<=1; moreover, z ranges from 0.2 to 0.75, w ranges from 0.2 to 0.05, and z and w meet the condition of 0.25<=z+w<=0.8; and a ranges from 0.8 to 1.2, and b ranges from 2.5 to 3.5. The novel material has the advantages of good structural stability, electric property, catalytic property and carbon deposition resistance and is applicable to hydrocarbon fuels, such as methane oxidation, and the like.

Description

Ca-Ti ore type anode of solid oxide fuel cell material
Technical field
The invention belongs to Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technical field, be specifically related to be suitable for the anode material among the SOFC.
Background technology
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) has energy conversion efficiency height, environmental friendliness (SOx, the NOx discharging is low, noise pollution is low), outstanding advantage such as fuel tolerance is wide, it is the efficient green energy conversion technology of generally acknowledging, has boundless application prospect in fields such as large-scale power station, distributed power supply system, military affairs, cause worldwide common concern, become the focus that various countries are competitively studied.Hydrogen is the most frequently used fuel of SOFC, yet there are problems in use hydrogen when making fuel, as: (1) hydrogen at present mainly produces by fossil fuel steam reformations such as hydro carbons, and the increase of reforming step can reduce the heat efficiency that fuel utilizes; (2) hydrogen is difficult to store and transportation; (3) hydrogen has bigger potential hazard, needs special safety measure.Hydro carbons (particularly natural gas) future for a long time in be still one of main energy sources, and be the pipe natural gas various places almost all over the world of main component with methane, therefore directly utilize the research of methane fuel SOFC to have important practical significance and application prospect, also be the trend and the trend of SOFC development, and its key is the research of anode material.Ni-YSZ metal-ceramic at hydrogen fuel exploitation is the most frequently used anode material in SOFC field, although this anode material at high temperature to middle low temperature range to H 2Fuel all has good electro catalytic activity, yet the serious carbon distribution of meeting when directly utilizing hydrocarbon fuel, need carry out loaded down with trivial details outside pre-reforming or lead to a large amount of water vapours carrying out inside reforming, greatly reduced battery efficiency, must develop hydrocarbon oxidation is had the anode material that better electrocatalysis simultaneously again can the reaction of catalysis carbon distribution.
The oxide type anode material is mainly concerned with blue copper type (A being subjected to direct oxidation hydrocarbon fuel SOFC area research persons' concern and favor in recent years 0.6BO 3), pyrochlore-type (A 2B 2O 7), spinel-type (A 2BO 4) and Ca-Ti ore type (ABO 3) and perovskite-like type etc., wherein perovskite ABO 3Or perovskite-like section bar material is owing to the variation to A position and B position ionic radius has stronger tolerance, the permission multiple cation that mixes in A, B position is regulated and control its conductivity and electrically conducting manner (electronics, ion and electron-ion hybrid conductive), catalytic activity, structural stability and hot expansibility and is enjoyed direct hydro carbons SOFC researcher to pay close attention to.Along with broad research and the application of perovskite structural material at SOFC electrolyte, negative electrode and the connection utmost point, researchers wish by existing perovskite structural material is mixed or the development of new perovskite structural material, make it have suitable electron-ion mixed conductivity, the structural stability under the anode atmosphere and to the enough catalytic oxidation activities of hydrocarbon fuel, in the hope of as direct hydrocarbon oxidation SOFC anode.Based on LaTiO 3The La that the perovskite parent mixes and develops 1-xSr xTiO 3And La 0.4Sr 0.6Ti 0.4Mn 0.6O 3-δ(LSTM4646) [Fu Q X etc., J.Electrochem.Soc., 153:D74-D83 (2006)] shows than high-conductivity, but poor to the electro catalytic activity of methane fuel; Carry out the laminated perovskite structure material La that codope forms in the B position 4Sr 8Ti 11Mn 0.5Ga 0.5O 38-δ(LSTMG) [Ruiz-Morales J C etc., Nature, 439:568-571 (2006)] is to wet H 2And CH 4All show electrocatalysis preferably, and have good anti-reduction structural stability, but its low conductivity (900 ℃, 0.004Scm-1) has limited in its practical application in SOFC.Based on LaCrO 3The La that doping obtains 0.75Sr 0.25Cr 0.5Mn 0.5O 3-δ(LSCM) [Tao S W etc., Nature Materials, 2:320-323 (2003); Chinese patent ZL 03818488.5] be considered to have most in this series alloy the anode material of application prospect, have anti-preferably reduction structural stability and higher conductivity (900 ℃, partial pressure of oxygen 10 -10The conductivity of atm reaches~38Scm -1), but its high polarization resistance to methane fuel (900 ℃, 0.87Wcm 2) make it still be difficult to satisfy practical application.Goodenough research group has reported a kind of New type of S OFC anode material Sr with structure of double perovskite 2Mg 1-xMn xMoO 6-δ(SMMO) [HuangYH etc., Science, 312:254-257 (2006)], this anode material is to doing, wet CH 4All shown electro catalytic activity preferably, but to CH 4The long-time stability of fuel may be still a bigger problem (under 800 ℃ after the operation of 16h, to do CH 4For the maximum power density of fuel has descended about 16%; With wet CH 4For the maximum power density of fuel has descended about 10%), this may be since the reducibility of this material or/and due to the carbon distribution reaction slowly.
Therefore, existing research report shows, although the SOFC anode material that mixes based on perovskite or perovskite-like has overcome the carbon distribution problem of Ni-YSZ anode when directly utilizing methane fuel, but all defective and the deficiency of existence in various degree self are difficult to well satisfy the essential several conditions of direct methane fuel SOFC anode material simultaneously: the thermal structure stability under reducing atmosphere, hyperoxia ion-electron hybrid conductive, to the high electrocatalytic active and the carbon accumulation resisting ability of methane fuel.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above that present directly methane SOFC anode material exists, it is the complex optimum index that the present invention intends with hydrocarbon activity such as structural stability, oxonium ion-electronics hybrid conductive and catalytic oxidation methane, by to perovskite (ABO 3) structure mixes, make its have structural stability under the anode reducing atmosphere, good ion-electron mixed conductivity simultaneously, to the high catalytic oxidation activity and the carbon accumulation resisting ability of hydrocarbons such as methane, thereby develop novel perovskite structure SOFC anode material, be applicable to hydrocarbon fuels such as directly utilizing methane.
The invention provides a kind of anode material that is suitable for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, wherein this material is a kind of material with general formula I of optional doping:
(A 1-x-yA′ xA″ y) a(B 1-z-wB′ zB″ w)O b (I)
Wherein A is for being selected from Ba, La and lanthanide series; A ' is for being selected from the combination of Ca, Sr or Ca and Sr; A " is Ag; B is for being selected from Y, Sc, Al, Ga, Cr and Ti; B ' is for being selected from Mn, Fe, Ni and Co; B is " for being selected from Mg and Zn; And wherein the value of x is 0~1, and the value of y is 0.4~0, and condition is 0≤x+y≤1; And wherein the value of z is 0.2~0.75, and the value of w is 0.2~0.01, and condition is 0.25≤z+w≤0.8; The value of a is 0.8~1.2; The value of b is 2.5~3.5.
Under the perovskite crystal structure that does not destroy general formula I and a large amount of its electrochemical situation of reduction, A position lattice-site in the perovskite structural material (by A, A ' and A " occupy) can be a little minimizing or increase, promptly can be A position defective (a<1) or A position surplus (a>1).Similarly, though the b value is generally 3, because the variation of each lattice-site dopant species and amount can cause the oxygen room to produce (b<3) or there are (b>3) in excess of oxygen.
Novel perovskite material provided by the invention is suitable for the anode material of SOFC, also can be used for the cathode material of SOFC.When being used for anode material, can be used for any fuel that is suitable for fuel cell of oxidation, this fuel can directly use or part is reformed, and use the back.Described fuel comprises: hydrogen; Hydro carbons hydrocarbon fuels such as methane, ethane, propane, butane or octane; Hydrocarbon oxygen compound such as methyl alcohol, ethanol or dimethyl ether; And gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, biogas, biogas, bio-oil or LPG.And when making fuel with methane, this novel perovskite material has good structural stability, electrical property, catalytic performance and carbon accumulation resisting ability, compare with aforementioned known anode material on chemical property be improved significantly.It is pointed out that as doping Ag in A position (during A "), although the Ag in the A lattice-site 2+/ Ag+ can partly be reduced under the reducing atmosphere of anode, but still can keep the agent structure stability of this perovskite material by the stoichiometric coefficient a of control A position, and the Ag after the reduction can improve the conductivity of material, has good structural stability so this also is construed as this material.
Perovskite structural material provided by the invention can also can mix as the SOFC electrode material with various different electrolyte separately as the electrode material use of SOFC.Described electrolyte comprises yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), scandium oxide-stabilizing zirconia (ScSZ), gadolinium oxide doped cerium oxide (GDC), samarium oxide doped cerium oxide (SDC), lanthanum strontium gallium magnesium (LSGM) or proton conductor electrolyte.
By perovskite material provided by the invention, in general formula I, preferred x value is 0.2~0.4, and preferred y value is 0.2~0, and the preferred value of the amount 1-x-y of fertile material A is 0.6~0.8; Preferred z value is 0.3~0.6, and the preferred value of the amount 1-z-w of fertile material B is 0.6~0.4; The preferred value of total stoichiometric coefficient a of A position lattice-site material is 0.9~1.1, and most preferably value is 0.95~1.05.
In general formula I, B mainly plays the skeleton function of perovskite structure, the structural stability that provides; The B ' that doping is selected from Mn, Fe, Ni and Co mainly works to improve conductive capability and catalytic activity; Doping is selected from the B of Mg and Zn " mainly works to improve structural stability and catalytic activity.Wherein, the preferred metallic element of B and B ' is respectively Al and Mn, perhaps Ga and Mn; Simultaneously preferred A ' is Sr.
Material with general formula I provided by the invention can adopt any appropriate method preparation that is known in the art.A kind of synthetic method commonly used comprises solid reaction process, is ground together by the metal oxide of proper ratio and/or the carbonate of metallic element (or other salt such as acetate, oxalates etc.) in the method or ball milling mixes and through being about 900~1300 ℃ of high-temperature roastings usually.Another kind of synthetic method commonly used comprises that burning is synthetic, nitrate solution by the metallic element of proper ratio mixes according to a certain percentage with organic complexing agent such as glycine, citric acid etc. in the method, through heating, concentrated, produce gel, to heating and decomposition or fire burns, promptly form required perovskite structural material through 800~1000 ℃ temperature roasting again.Usually, the powder synthetic by firing method has littler granularity, higher specific area, during as the SOFC electrode, shows better sintering activity and chemical property.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1-perovskite structural material La 0.8Sr 0.2Al 0.57Mn 0.38Mg 0.05O 3-δSolution combustion method preparation and performance thereof
Take by weighing 13.0327gLa 2O 3The dilute nitric acid solution that is dissolved in the metering ratio (contains the dense HNO of 23.3g 3) in, add 4.2326gSr (NO 3) 2, 21.3824gAl (NO 3) 39H 2O and 1.2822gMg (NO 3) 26H 2The O dissolving adds 13.5999g50%Mn (NO 3) 2Solution forms nitrate mixed solution, is 1/2.5 adding 37.5350g glycine by total metal ion/glycine mol ratio, at 80 ℃ of heating down, stirring 4h, is transferred to then and continues to be heated to about 250 ℃ in the big quartz beaker, continues to heat until fire burns.Black powder after the burning is collected, and in Muffle furnace, under 900 ℃, calcined 5h, promptly obtain to have La 0.8Sr 0.2Al 0.57Mn 0.38Mg 0.05O 3-δ(LSAMM) the perovskite structure powder body material of Zu Chenging.Prepared LSAMM material detects through XRD and shows to have single cubic perovskite structure, and has good structural stability under reducing atmosphere, and the conductivity under 800 ℃, air atmosphere is~18Scm -1Mix with GDC with LSAMM and to make anode, 11ScSZ-2Mn 2O 3(87mol%ZrO 2-11mol%Sc 2O 3-2mol%Mn 2O 3) be electrolyte (~30 μ m are thick), LSM (La 0.75Sr 0.25MnO 3-δ)-YSZ is the element cell LSAMM-GDC/11ScSZ-2Mn that negative electrode makes up 2O 3/ LSM-YSZ at 800 ℃ with wet H 2For the maximum power density of fuel reaches 0.25W/cm 2, with wet CH 4For the maximum power density of fuel is~0.10W/cm 2, and stable operation 100h does not have carbon distribution and takes place under~0.65V, demonstrates good carbon accumulation resisting ability.
Embodiment 2-perovskite structural material La 0.8Sr 0.2Ga 0.475Mn 0.475Mg 0.05O 3-δSolution combustion method preparation
Take by weighing 12.2150gGa 2O 3Be dissolved in the 27.62g red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), and obtain Ga (NO in 85 ℃ of heating down, stirring and refluxing 3) 3Solution; Take by weighing 13.0327gLa 2O 3The dilute nitric acid solution that is dissolved in the metering ratio (contains the dense HNO of 23.3g 3) in, add 4.2326gSr (NO 3) 2And 1.2822gMg (NO 3) 2H 2O and dissolving add 16.9999g50%Mn (NO 3) 2Solution and with above-mentioned Ga (NO 3) 3Solution mixes the formation nitrate mixed solution, by total metal ion/glycine mol ratio is 1/2.5 adding 37.5350g glycine, at 80 ℃ of heating down, stirring 4h, be transferred to then and continue to be heated to about 250 ℃ in the big quartz beaker, continue heating until fire burns.Black powder after the burning is collected, and in Muffle furnace, under 900 ℃, calcined 5h, promptly obtain to have La 0.8Sr 0.2Ga 0.475Mn 0.475Mg 0.05O 3-δ(LSGMM) the perovskite structure powder body material of Zu Chenging.
Embodiment 3-perovskite structural material La 0.8Sr 0.2Al 0.45Mn 0.45Mg 0.1O 3-δSolid reaction process preparation
Take by weighing 13.0327gLa 2O 3, 2.9526gSrCO 3, 4.5882gAl 2O 3, 5.1726gMnCO 3And 0.8431gMgCO 3, in agate mortar, mix, and add small amount of ethanol grinding 10 minutes, move to then in the baking oven in 60 ℃ of oven dry down.This mixed-powder is transferred in the alumina crucible, uses Muffle furnace that mixed-powder is carried out high-temperature roasting and grinding by following program:
(1) rise to 800 ℃ by 5 ℃/min heating rate, and insulation 2h, rise to 1350 ℃ of roasting 10h then;
(2) ground 10 minutes;
(3) 1350 ℃ of roasting 10h;
(4) repeating step (2) and (3) 2 times.
Prepare through said process and to have La 0.8Sr 0.2Al 0.45Mn 0.45Mg 0.1O 3-δ(LSAMM) the pure perovskite structure powder body material of Zu Chenging.
Embodiment 4-perovskite structural material La 0.7Sr 0.2Ag 0.1Al 0.57Mn 0.38Mg 0.05O 3-δSolution combustion method preparation
Take by weighing 11.4036gLa 2O 3The dilute nitric acid solution that is dissolved in the metering ratio (contains the dense HNO of 20.4g 3) in, add 4.2326gSr (NO 3) 2, 21.3824gAl (NO 3) 39H 2O, 1.6981gAgNO 3And 1.2822gMg (NO 3) 26H 2The O dissolving adds 13.5999g50%Mn (NO 3) 2Solution forms nitrate mixed solution, is 1/2.5 adding 37.5350g glycine by total metal ion/glycine mol ratio, at 80 ℃ of heating down, stirring 4h, is transferred to then and continues to be heated to about 250 ℃ in the big quartz beaker, continues to heat until fire burns.Black powder after the burning is collected, and in Muffle furnace, under 900 ℃, calcined 5h, promptly obtain to have La 0.7Sr 0.2Ag 0.1Al 0.57Mn 0.38Mg 0.05O 3-δ(LSAAMM) the perovskite structure powder body material of Zu Chenging.
Embodiment 5-perovskite structural material (La 0.7Sr 0.2Ag 0.1) 1.1Al 0.57Mn 0.38Mg 0.05O 3-δSolution combustion method preparation
Take by weighing 12.5440gLa 2O 3The dilute nitric acid solution that is dissolved in the metering ratio (contains the dense HNO of 22.4g 3) in, add 4.6559gSr (NO 3) 2, 21.3824gAl (NO 3) 39H 2O, 1.8679gAgNO 3And 1.2822gMg (NO 3) 26H 2The O dissolving adds 13.5999g50%Mn (NO 3) 2Solution forms nitrate mixed solution, is 1/2.5 adding 39.4118g glycine by total metal ion/glycine mol ratio, at 80 ℃ of heating down, stirring 4h, is transferred to then and continues to be heated to about 250 ℃ in the big quartz beaker, continues to heat until fire burns.Black powder after the burning is collected, and in Muffle furnace, under 900 ℃, calcined 5h, promptly obtain to have (La 0.7Sr 0.2Ag 0.1) 1.1Al 0.57Mn 0.38Mg 0.05O 3-δ(LSAAMM) the perovskite structure powder body material of Zu Chenging.
Embodiment 6-perovskite structural material (Pr 0.6Sr 0.4) 0.95Cr 0.45Mn 0.45Zn 0.1O 3-δSolution combustion method preparation
Take by weighing 9.3997gPr 2O 3The dilute nitric acid solution that is dissolved in the metering ratio (contains the dense HNO of 16.6g 3) in, add 8.0419gSr (NO 3) 2, 18.0068gCr (NO 3) 39H 2O and 2.9748gZn (NO 3) 26H 2The O dissolving adds 16.1051g50%Mn (NO 3) 2Solution forms nitrate mixed solution, is 1/2.5 adding 36.5966g glycine by total metal ion/glycine mol ratio, at 80 ℃ of heating down, stirring 4h, is transferred to then and continues to be heated to about 250 ℃ in the big quartz beaker, continues to heat until fire burns.Black powder after the burning is collected, and in Muffle furnace, under 900 ℃, calcined 5h, promptly obtain to have (Pr 0.6Sr 0.4) 0.95Cr 0.45Mn 0.45Zn 0.1O 3-δ(PSCMM) the perovskite structure powder body material of Zu Chenging.
Embodiment 7-perovskite structural material (Sm 0.7Sr 0.15Ca 0.05Ag 0.1) 1.05Y 0.55Co 0.4Zn 0.05O 3-δSolution combustion method preparation
Take by weighing 12.8183gSm 2O 3The dilute nitric acid solution that is dissolved in the metering ratio (contains the dense HNO of 21.4g 3) in, add 3.3332gSr (NO 3) 2, 1.2398gCa (NO 3) 24H 2O, 1.7830gAgNO 3, 21.0656gY (NO 3) 36H 2O, 1.4874gZn (NO 3) 26H 2O and 11.6412gCo (NO 3) 26H 2The O dissolving forms nitrate mixed solution, by total metal ion/glycine mol ratio is 1/2.5 adding 38.4734g glycine, at 80 ℃ of heating down, stirring 4h, be transferred to then and continue to be heated to about 250 ℃ in the big quartz beaker, continue heating until fire burns.Black powder after the burning is collected, and in Muffle furnace, under 1000 ℃, calcined 5h, promptly obtain to have (Sm 0.7Sr 0.15Ca 0.05Ag 0.1) 1.05Y 0.55Co 0.4Zn 0.05O 3-δ(SSCAYCZ) the perovskite structure powder body material of Zu Chenging.

Claims (10)

1. be applicable to the anode material of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, it is characterized in that this material is by perovskite structure (ABO 3) the material of choosing any one kind of them that mixes of oxide with general formula I:
(A 1-x-yA′ xA″ y) a(B 1-z-wB′ zB″ w)O b (I)
Wherein A is selected from Ba, La and lanthanide series or their combination; A ' is for being selected from the combination of Ca and Sr or Ca and Sr; A " is Ag; B is for being selected from Y, Sc, Al, Ga, Cr and Ti; B ' is for being selected from Mn, Fe, Ni and Co; B is " for being selected from Mg and Zn; And wherein the value of x is 0~1, and the value of y is 0.4~0, and condition is 0≤x+y≤1; And wherein the value of z is 0.2~0.75, and the value of w is 0.2~0.01, and condition is 0.25≤z+w≤0.8; The value of a is 0.8~1.2; The value of b is 2.5~3.5.
2. anode material according to claim 1 is characterized in that wherein the value of x is 0.2~0.4.
3. anode material according to claim 1 is characterized in that wherein the value of y is 0.2~0.
4. anode material according to claim 1 is characterized in that wherein the value of 1-x-y is 0.6~0.8.
5. anode material according to claim 1 is characterized in that wherein the value of a is 0.95~1.05.
6. anode material according to claim 1 is characterized in that wherein the value of z is 0.3~0.6.
7. anode material according to claim 1 is characterized in that wherein the value of 1-z-w is 0.6~0.4.
8. anode material according to claim 1 is characterized in that B and B ' are respectively Al and Mn in the general formula I.
9. anode material according to claim 1 is characterized in that B and B ' are respectively Ga and Mn in the general formula I.
10. anode material that is used for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, described anode material comprise that material and electrolyte with the general formula I defined in the claim 1 as described above comprise yttria-stabilized zirconia, scandium oxide-stabilizing zirconia, gadolinium oxide doped cerium oxide, samarium oxide doped cerium oxide, lanthanum strontium gallium magnesium or the electrolytical mixture of proton conductor.
CN2009101573071A 2009-07-24 2009-07-24 Perovskite type solid oxide fuel cell anode material Pending CN101964422A (en)

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CN103050711B (en) * 2012-12-24 2015-10-28 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 A kind of preparation method of solid-oxide fuel battery nano negative electrode
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CN104103838A (en) * 2014-07-08 2014-10-15 华中科技大学 Anode protection layer for solid oxide fuel cell, and preparation method and application of anode protection layer
CN107112545B (en) * 2014-11-21 2020-05-19 住友电气工业株式会社 Anode for solid oxide fuel cell, method for producing same, and method for producing electrolyte layer-electrode assembly for fuel cell
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