CN101963591B - Detection and evaluation method of crack condition on external insulating layer of thin-plastered outer wall - Google Patents
Detection and evaluation method of crack condition on external insulating layer of thin-plastered outer wall Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection and evaluation method of crack condition on an external insulating layer of a thin-plastered outer wall, comprising the following steps: step 1: confirming the weather conditions of the detection day and the two days before the detection; step 2: performing the humidifying treatment to the crack to be detected, and shielding the crack to be detected from the sunlight to prevent the direct sunlight; step 3: determining the data of the next detection according to the temperature of the day; step 4: removing the shielding measures when the detection day comes, measuring the distance and the resistance value between two random points of the crack for several times along the length direction of the crack to be detected to obtain the resistance value between two points of the crack, and judging the condition of the crack to be detected. The invention provides the detection and evaluation method of crack condition on the external insulating layer of the thin-plastered outer wall, and the operator can judges the types and the hazard of the crack according to the comparison of the resistance value of the crack. The detection process is simple and convenient, and the method can be widely used in the field detection of the external protection structure of the energy saving building.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Site Detection of building energy conservation building enclosure, relate in particular to the thin external heat insulating wall crack of plastering.
Background technology
Since the eighties in 20th century, Building Trade in China has obtained the development of advancing by leaps and bounds, but because China's building energy conservation starts late, the growing quality of life requirement of the comfort level of residential architecture and energy-saving effect and resident does not conform to, and direct result is the waste of mass energy.Along with the development of global process of industrialization, global energy crisis is inevitable, and building energy conservation has become human common recognition.In recent years, under the promotion of national energy-saving policy and technical standard, Energy Saving Technique for Buildings in Our Country, especially wall thermal insulation technology development had occurred at home take the thin multiple external wall heat insulation system of type external thermal insulation wall as Typical Representative of plastering rapidly.These technical systems provide technique guarantee and the motive force of development for Building Energy-saving Work to a certain extent.
The thin external heat insulating wall of plastering is divided into surperficial finish coat, anticracking grout layer, heat-insulation layer and basic unit from outside to inside successively, facts have proved that this body of wall can effectively lower building energy consumption, and the human settlements comfort level of building is provided.But owing to many-sided reasons such as fabric structure form, weather conditions, system material, construction technology, construction managements, the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering very easily produces various defectives, particularly rift defect after surpassing certain tenure of use.
Difference by fracture morphology, characteristic and harmfulness, be broadly divided into three classes: a kind of is the cracking of surperficial finish coat, this penetration of fracture is shallow, width is little, moisture is difficult from infiltrating here, even if a small amount of moisture that infiltrates also only rests on the heat insulation system surface, under the effect of wind and the sun, will soon evaporate, thereby this class crack propagation is very slow, very little to the harmfulness of heat insulation system; A kind of is the cracking of anticracking grout layer, this fracture width is slightly large, the degree of depth is through to screed by surperficial finish coat, moisture can slowly infiltrate to mortar along it, because the larger moisture velocity of evaporation of the degree of depth is slower, remain in the moisture continuous evaporative condenser of meeting, the thawing of freezing under environmental activity in the mortar, cause the slow unsticking hollowing of gradually expansion, mortar and the heat-insulation layer in crack, thereby this class crack is larger to the harmfulness of heat insulation system; Also having a kind of is the crack that is through to heat-insulation layer, this penetration of fracture, width are all very large, moisture very easily infiltrates heat-insulation layer along it, in case and moisture oozes to just being difficult to below the heat-insulation layer and is evaporated, this moisture harmfulness that remains between heat-insulation layer and the basic unit is very big, long-term environmental activity can cause heat-insulation layer and basic unit's unsticking hollowing, and is the most serious even can cause the heat-insulation layer monoblock to come off.
The difficulty or ease that the crack is infiltrated and evaporated because of its moisture on the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering are widely different to the harmfulness of heat insulation system, if can take effective means to detect quickly and easily type and the harmfulness of differentiating crack on the external heat insulating wall, thereby adopt the specific aim measure external insulation system to be repaired the life-span that can effectively reduce rehabilitation cost and improve external heat insulating wall.But up to the present, the detection method of discrimination that is applicable to the damage of crack of the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering does not almost have, and the width parameter that the reading glass that uses in the building structure only can the simple test crack can't the fracture degree of depth be measured, and effect is little.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of device that can detect the method for crack state on the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering of identification and can realize the method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of thin plastering exterior wall is incubated the detection appraisal procedure of crack state outward, the described thin external heat insulating wall of plastering is divided into surperficial finish coat, anticracking grout layer, heat-insulation layer and basic unit from outside to inside successively, the length in crack to be measured is characterized in that more than or equal to 50mm on the body of wall:
Comprise the steps:
The first step, guaranteeing to detect day and detecting a few days ago two days weather conditions is to be not more than 5 grades without rain, wind speed, and temperature is greater than under 0 ℃ the condition;
Second step detects proxima luce (prox. luc), humidification is carried out in crack to be measured process:
1. utilize press water moistening to inside, crack to crack to be checked water spray, water spray after finishing is dried the moisture on the fracture faces;
2. along the length direction in crack to be measured, measure resistance M between any two points of crack and the distance L of point-to-point transmission, obtain the resistivity M/L of this crack point-to-point transmission:
If M/L is more than or equal to 104 Ω/m, repeat above-mentioned steps 1., 2., until crack resistivity M/L is less than 104 Ω/m,
If M/L, repeatedly measures this 2 resistance value M(1 less than 104 Ω/m), M(2) ..., M(n), until arbitrarily once resistivity M (i)/L stops water spray less than 104 Ω/m;
Sun-shading is made in the crack to be checked of carrying out the humidification processing, prevented the direct projection of sunlight;
The 3rd step, after the crack humidification is disposed, according to the same day State of Air Temperature determine next time detection time:
If when daily temperature is higher than 30 ℃, be defined as the distance water spray detection time next time and finish after 12～16 hours,
If work as daily temperature in 10～30 ℃ scope, be defined as the distance water spray detection time next time and finish after 20～24 hours,
If work as daily temperature below 10 ℃, be defined as the distance water spray detection time next time and finish after 36 hours;
The 4th step, after arriving detection time, remove the sunshade measure, length direction along crack to be measured, measure between any two points of crack apart from l, and repeatedly measure this 2 resistance value m(1), m(2) ..., m(n), calculate the mean value m=[m(1 of this point-to-point transmission resistance)+m(2)+... + m(n)]/n, obtain the resistivity m/l of this crack point-to-point transmission, differentiate the state in examined crack according to the size of resistivity:
If m/l, is examined the surface decoration layer that the degree of depth in crack reaches the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering greater than 1000 Ω/m,
If m/l between 104～1000 Ω/m, is examined the screed that the degree of depth in crack reaches the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering,
If m/l, is examined the heat-insulation layer that the degree of depth in crack reaches the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering less than 104 Ω/m.
We's ratio juris is:
On the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering, the resistivity of crack on unit length that is in drying regime is very large, about 1000 Ω/more than the m, almost be equivalent to the resistivity of over dry air; And when water cut in the crack increases gradually, when humidity increases gradually, the resistance per unit length rate in crack can obviously reduce, until when water cut approaches to saturation in the crack, its resistance per unit length rate will drop to a very little value, below 104 Ω m, almost be equivalent to the resistivity of saturated humidity air.
For dissimilar crack on the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering, process, give its initial saturation moisture content also through behind the certain hour when it being carried out sufficient humidification, because crack state difference, the depth of penetration of moisture and the difference of evaporation rate, residual moisture content presents significant difference in the dissimilar cracks:
When temperature during 25 ℃ of left and right sides, the moisture in surface decoration layer crack will evaporate in 1～2h fully because depth of penetration is shallow; Moisture infiltrates deeplyer in the anticracking grout slabbing seam, needs 30～48h to evaporate fully; Run through in the crack of heat-insulation layer moisture infiltrate profound, and can be toward the diffusion of peripheral region, crack, thereby evaporation rate is extremely slow, evaporation needs the above time in 1 week at least fully.
Therefore, when give the initial saturation moisture content in crack and through 18～24h after, the resistivity in dissimilar cracks can be obviously different:
Moisture in the surface decoration layer crack evaporates fully, and the crack that is in drying regime is at resistivity 1000 Ω on the unit length/more than the m,
Moisture in the anticracking grout slabbing seam has evaporated a part, the crack that is in half wet condition in the resistivity on the unit length in the scope of 104～1000 Ω/m,
Moisture in the heat-insulation layer crack does not have evaporation substantially, is in the resistivity of crack on unit length of dampness less than 104 Ω/m.
By testing the resistivity in different cracks, can infer the state in crack, thereby differentiate its harmfulness.
Should investigate and guarantee from detecting day and detecting a few days ago two days weather condition for reduce the interference of moisture evaporation in the extraneous weather conditions fracture, detect front two days as far as possible; Consider that temperature is different, there is larger difference in the velocity of evaporation of moisture, so temperature is not simultaneously, also answers different from the interval time that the crack humidification is processed between the formal detection; Sun-shading also is to cause the moisture evaporation in the crack too fast for fear of direct sunlight, affects testing result.
Further, for avoiding the contingency of measurement data, be repeatedly to the resistance measurement of identical point-to-point transmission, generally be preferably 3～5 times.
Same, for guarantee the reliability of measurement data as far as possible, consider simultaneously the normal length in actual crack, appoint along its length in the crack preferably that to get distance be that 2 of 50～100mm carry out resistance measurement.
A kind of device that can realize the above-mentioned thin external heat insulating wall penetration of fracture detection method of plastering, it is characterized in that: positive pole of stabilized voltage supply is electrically connected the first probe, negative pole is electrically connected the second probe by variable resistor assembly, on the variable resistor group and connect A/D converter, the A/D converter signal connects central controller, central controller connects the variable resistor group by operation circuit, and the central controller signal connects LCD display.
During actual the detection, two probes of this device are inserted in the cracks until feel slightly till the resistance two wires of probe formation loop of connecting with stabilized voltage supply, variable resistor group.When probe inserts in the crack of different humidity, resistance value between two probes will change, magnitude of voltage on the corresponding variable resistor group also can change, this magnitude of voltage is sent to central controller after converting digital signal as simulating signal to by A/D converter, central controller sends instruction according to the power of signal and selects suitable variable resistor group gear, measure on the variable resistor group magnitude of voltage and be sent to central controller through the A/D modular converter, the resistivity of central controller calculating fracture, and send LCD to and be shown to operating personnel.Operating personnel judge place, crack humidity according to the large I of crack resistivity, and then infer the degree of depth in this crack, thereby determine types of fractures and the extent of injury.
Further, consider that each measurement appoints the distance that all will measure point-to-point transmission when getting at 2, operate more loaded down with trivial details, the first probe and the second probe can be separately fixed on the two ends of strip rigid electric insulating support of a landscape configuration, distance between such two pins is fixed, and only need read resistance value during measurement and get final product, and operation is convenient, consider the length in crack and the reliability of measurement data, the distance between general the first probe and the second probe is fixed as 50～100mm.
Further again, the variable resistor group is formed in parallel from the different resistance gear resistance of three tape-select switch by an overcurrent protection resistance.During measurement; central controller sends instruction according to the power of signal and selects suitable selector switch gear; the resistance of selected gear and protective resistance compose in parallel reference resistance; measure on the reference resistance magnitude of voltage and be sent to central controller, the precision when having guaranteed test different range resistance value through A/D converter.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, provide thin plastering exterior wall to be incubated the detection method of the penetration of fracture outward, operating personnel are by the contrast of fracture resistivity, can differentiate types of fractures and harmfulness, and test process is simple and convenient, can be widely used in the Site Detection of energy-saving architecture external enclosing and protective structure;
2, device has the characteristics such as volume is little, portable, test rate is fast, data stabilization is reliable, and probe of tester is fine acicular, is particularly suitable for the test of place, crack resistance;
3, device has adopted the multirange measuring technology, the precision when having guaranteed test different range resistance value;
4, the central controller output terminal of device links to each other with the input end of LCD display, can directly read the resistivity in the crack of surveying on the LCD display, is beneficial to operating personnel and judges, simple and fast makes things convenient for.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering
Fig. 2 installs a kind of structural drawing of preferred version for this
Among Fig. 1-2: 1-1 is the first probe, and 1-2 is the second probe, and 2 is stabilized voltage supply; 3 are overcurrent protection resistance, and 4 is that shelves are lived resistance, and 5 is selector switch; 6 is A/D converter, and 7 is central controller, and 8 is LCD display; 9 is support; 10 is the crack, and 11 is surperficial finish coat, and 12 is the anticracking grout layer; 13 is heat-insulation layer, and 14 is basic unit.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Thin plastering exterior wall is incubated the crack resistance meter outward and comprises the first probe 1-1; the second probe 1-2; stabilized voltage supply 2; overcurrent protection resistance 3; gear resistance 4; selector switch 5; A/D converter 6; central controller 7 and LCD display 8; the first probe 1-1; the second probe 1-2 is two diameter 0.05mm; the metal needle of long 50mm; two probe 1-1; 1-2 is fixed on the support 9; spacing is 50mm; its material is high strength; high tenacity; the low-resistivity alloy steel; the wire of drawing on the second probe 1-2 directly links to each other with stabilized voltage supply 2 negative poles; link to each other with the positive pole of stabilized voltage supply 2 after the wire series connection variable resistor group that the first probe 1-1 draws; the variable resistor group is formed in parallel from the gear resistance 4 of the different resistances of three tape-select switch 5 by an overcurrent protection resistance 3, and what selector switch 5 was selected is dry-reed relay.A/D converter 6 signals connect central controller 7, and central controller 7 connects selector switch 5 by operation circuit, and central controller 7 signals connect LCD display 8.
During actual the detection, the needle electrode probe 1 that this thin plastering exterior wall is incubated the crack resistance meter outward inserts in the crack, and the first probe 1-1, the second probe 1-2 connect with stabilized voltage supply 2, variable resistor group and form the loop.When test probe inserts in the different humidity crack; the first probe 1-1; the resistance value in crack will change between the second probe 1-2; magnitude of voltage on the corresponding protective resistance 3 also can change; this magnitude of voltage is sent to central controller 7 after converting digital signal as simulating signal to by A/D converter 6; central controller 7 sends instruction according to the power of signal and selects suitable selector switch 5 gears; resistance 4 and the protective resistance 3 of selected gear compose in parallel reference resistance; measure on the reference resistance magnitude of voltage and be sent to central controller 7 through A/D converter 6; central controller 7 calculates corresponding resistivity, and sends LCD display 8 demonstrations to.Operating personnel judge place, crack humidity according to the large I of crack resistivity, and then infer type and the extent of injury in this crack.
The thin external heat insulating wall of plastering is divided into surperficial finish coat 11, anticracking grout layer 12, heat-insulation layer 13 and basic unit 14 from outside to inside successively, and the concrete steps of Crack Detection are:
The first step, guaranteeing to detect day and detecting a few days ago two days weather conditions is to descend greater than 0 ℃ condition being not more than 5 grades, temperature without rain, wind speed;
Second step detects proxima luce (prox. luc), humidification is carried out in crack 10 to be measured process:
1. utilize press water 10 inner moistening to the crack to crack to be checked water spray, water spray after finishing is dried crack 10 lip-deep moisture;
2. along the length direction in crack 10 to be measured, measure the resistance M between 10 any two points of crack, obtain the resistivity M/0.05 of this crack point-to-point transmission, wherein 0.05m is the distance between two probe 1-1, the 1-2 that is fixed on the fixed support 9:
If M/0.05 is more than or equal to 104 Ω/m, repeat above-mentioned steps 1., 2., until crack resistivity M/0.05 is less than 104 Ω/m,
If M/0.05 less than 104 Ω/m, measures these 2 resistance value M(1 again twice), M(2), until any once resistivity M(i)/0.05 less than 104 Ω/m, stop water spray;
Sun-shading is made in the crack to be checked 10 of carrying out the humidification processing, prevented the direct projection of sunlight;
The 3rd step, after the crack humidification is disposed, according to the same day State of Air Temperature determine next time detection time:
If when daily temperature is higher than 30 ℃, be defined as the distance water spray detection time next time and finish after 12～16 hours,
If work as daily temperature in 10～30 ℃ scope, be defined as the distance water spray detection time next time and finish after 20～24 hours,
If work as daily temperature below 10 ℃, be defined as the distance water spray detection time next time and finish after 36 hours;
The 4th step, after arriving detection time, remove the sunshade measure, along the length direction in crack 10 to be measured, with the first probe 1-1, the second probe 1-2 inserts in the crack 10 to feeling till the resistance, measure this 2 resistance value m(1 minutes for three times), m(2), m(3), calculate the mean value m=[m(1 of this point-to-point transmission resistance)+m(2)+m(3)]/3, obtain the resistivity m/0.05 of this crack point-to-point transmission, differentiate the state in examined crack according to the size of resistivity:
If m/0.05, is examined the surface decoration layer 11 that the degree of depth in crack 10 reaches the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering greater than 1000 Ω/m,
If m/0.05 between 104～1000 Ω/m, is examined the screed 12 that the degree of depth in crack 10 reaches the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering,
If m/0.05, is examined the heat-insulation layer 13 that the degree of depth in crack 10 reaches the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering less than 104 Ω/m.
Claims (3)
1. a thin plastering exterior wall is incubated the detection appraisal procedure of crack state outward, and described thin plastering exterior wall is divided into surperficial finish coat, anticracking grout layer, heat-insulation layer and basic unit from outside to inside successively, and the length in crack to be measured is characterized in that more than or equal to 50mm on the body of wall:
Comprise the steps:
The first step, guaranteeing to detect day and detecting a few days ago two days weather conditions is to be not more than 5 grades without rain, wind speed, and temperature is greater than under 0 ℃ the condition;
Second step detects proxima luce (prox. luc), humidification is carried out in crack to be measured process:
1. utilize press water moistening to inside, crack to crack to be checked water spray, water spray after finishing is dried the moisture on the fracture faces;
2. along the length direction in crack to be measured, measure resistance M between any two points of crack and the distance L of point-to-point transmission, obtain the resistivity M/L of this crack point-to-point transmission:
If M/L is more than or equal to 104 Ω/m, repeat above-mentioned steps 1., 2., until crack resistivity M/L is less than 104 Ω/m,
If M/L, repeatedly measures this 2 resistance value M(1 less than 104 Ω/m), M(2) ..., M(n), until arbitrarily once resistivity M (i)/L stops water spray less than 104 Ω/m;
Sun-shading is made in the crack to be checked of carrying out the humidification processing, prevented the direct projection of sunlight;
The 3rd step, after the crack humidification is disposed, according to the same day State of Air Temperature determine next time detection time:
If when daily temperature is higher than 30 ℃, be defined as the distance water spray detection time next time and finish after 12～16 hours,
If work as daily temperature in 10～30 ℃ scope, be defined as the distance water spray detection time next time and finish after 20～24 hours,
If work as daily temperature below 10 ℃, be defined as the distance water spray detection time next time and finish after 36 hours;
The 4th step, after arriving detection time, remove the sunshade measure, length direction along crack to be measured, measure between any two points of crack apart from l, and repeatedly measure this 2 resistance value m(1), m(2) ..., m(n), calculate the mean value m=[m(1 of this point-to-point transmission resistance)+m(2)+... + m(n)]/n, obtain the resistivity m/l of this crack point-to-point transmission, differentiate the state in examined crack according to the size of resistivity:
If m/l, is examined the surface decoration layer that the degree of depth in crack reaches the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering greater than 1000 Ω/m,
If m/l between 104～1000 Ω/m, is examined the screed that the degree of depth in crack reaches the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering,
If m/l, is examined the heat-insulation layer that the degree of depth in crack reaches the thin external heat insulating wall of plastering less than 104 Ω/m.
2. thin plastering exterior wall according to claim 1 is incubated the detection appraisal procedure of crack state outward, it is characterized in that: described n time of repeatedly measuring is 3～5 times.
3. thin plastering exterior wall according to claim 1 is incubated the detection appraisal procedure of crack state outward, it is characterized in that: distance L, l span between any two points of described measurement crack are 50～100mm.
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| CN106527314B (en) * | 2015-10-25 | 2018-01-12 | 福州睿创纺织科技有限公司 | A kind of system monitored in real time on mobile phone |
| CN110208084A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-09-06 | 大连理工大学 | The monitoring of concrete in tension fracture width and region self locating device and method |
| CN110439313B (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-08-03 | 上海忠辰建设工程有限公司 | Thermal insulation exterior wall repairing process |
| CN114045883B (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-11-18 | 河海大学 | Rock slope surface soil body fracture network risk evaluation method based on soil body drying test |
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| CN1049056A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1991-02-06 | 苏联乌克兰科学院“巴通”电焊研究所 | Detector of surface crack extension parameter |
| CN2685886Y (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-03-16 | 北京北阳电子技术有限公司 | Digital universal tester |
| CN201449248U (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-05-05 | 河海大学 | Monitor of development of soil body crack |
| CN201844993U (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-05-25 | 上海市建筑科学研究院(集团)有限公司 | Detector for crack state of external thermal insulation system of thin-plastered outer wall |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP3249425B2 (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 2002-01-21 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Crack measuring device |
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| CN1049056A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1991-02-06 | 苏联乌克兰科学院“巴通”电焊研究所 | Detector of surface crack extension parameter |
| CN2685886Y (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-03-16 | 北京北阳电子技术有限公司 | Digital universal tester |
| CN201449248U (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-05-05 | 河海大学 | Monitor of development of soil body crack |
| CN201844993U (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-05-25 | 上海市建筑科学研究院(集团)有限公司 | Detector for crack state of external thermal insulation system of thin-plastered outer wall |
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