CN101963119B - Piezoelectric high-pressure common rail electronic control injector - Google Patents

Piezoelectric high-pressure common rail electronic control injector Download PDF

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CN101963119B
CN101963119B CN2010105347621A CN201010534762A CN101963119B CN 101963119 B CN101963119 B CN 101963119B CN 2010105347621 A CN2010105347621 A CN 2010105347621A CN 201010534762 A CN201010534762 A CN 201010534762A CN 101963119 B CN101963119 B CN 101963119B
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valve
needle
fuel
spring
seat
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CN101963119A (en
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郑国璋
姚武
郭建玲
朱建军
王淑平
靳红玲
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郑国璋
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Abstract

The invention in particular discloses a piezoelectric high-pressure common rail electronic control injector, and solves the problems of complex structure and poor injection performance in a conventional high-pressure common rail injector. A piezoelectric crystal-type two-way valve comprises a piezoelectric crystal actuator, a piezoelectric actuator push rod, a valve seat, a valve, a spring and a spring seat; an interface of a fuel inlet hole on an injector body is communicated with a pressure cavity and a fuel passage on a needle valve body through the fuel inlet hole of the injector body, the fuel inlet hole of the valve seat and the fuel inlet hole on the needle valve body; the fuel inlet hole is also communicated with a control cavity through a fuel inlet throttle hole; the control cavity is communicated with a large fuel return hole and the valve through a fuel outlet throttle hole; and the valve is communicated with the interface of the fuel return hole through a small fuel return hole, a return chute on the upper end face of the valve seat, and the fuel return hole on the injection body. The injector comprises eleven components totally, and has the characteristics of simple structure, high sealing performance, capacity of being used in an ultra-high pressure common rail injection system, high response speed, capacity of adjusting fuel injection rate accurately, realization of repeated fuel injection, and capacity of improving the combustion efficiency of a diesel engine and reducing specific fuel consumption and emission pollution.

Description

A kind of piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail electric-controlled fuel injector
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of internal combustion engines, relate in particular to diesel engine electric control high pressure common rail injection system, be specially a kind of piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail electric-controlled fuel injector that is used for diesel engine electric control high pressure common rail injection system.
Technical background
The diesel engine thermal efficiency is high, has become widely used motor.The pressure of diesel engine fuel jetting, discharge time, injection rate are the key factors that influences mixed gas formation, combustion efficiency; So the fuel injection system of diesel engine is the critical component that influences diesel engine fuel consumption rate and discharging; For reducing fuel consumption rate and discharging; Each state is all constantly making improvements; Diesel engine is since 1892 are born, and its fuel injection system develops into electric control fuel oil jet system by the mechanical fuel ejecting system, and the electric control fuel oil jet system of pressing oil level to put control and the control of second generation cam pressure solenoid from first generation cam again develops into present third generation Electrocontrolled high-pressure common rail fuel injection system.Its fuel-injection pressure is brought up to 150 current~180MPa from initial 3MPa, and in recent years, state-of-the-art electric-controlled fuel injector jet pressure had reached 200MPa.Because world energy sources is not enough; Price sharp rise and the Abgasgesetz of various countries severe day by day; For adapting to current and the Abgasgesetz in the future and the market demand that reduces fuel consumption rate; Diesel engine needs higher jet pressure to make the diesel oil that sprays into the firing chamber mix fully burning more equably with air with the oil sprayer of more accurate multi-injection (pre-spray, main injection, repeatedly back injection), further reduces oil consumption rate and exhaust emission.
Existing high pressure common rail electric control fuel injector has two kinds of electromagnetic type common-rail injector and piezoelectricity type common-rail injectors.The electromagnetic type high pressure common rail injector utilizes electromagnetic actuator control oil spout; Because nozzle needle receives the active force of high pressure fuel very big; Electromagnetic actuator can not produce the required power of needle-valve of directly opening fast; All adopt the electromagnetic actuator Hydrauservo System to open nozzle needle, so electromagnetic type high pressure common rail injector complex structure, part is many, high pressure sealing face is many, rigidity is poor, the maximum spout oil pressure is generally all less than 180MPa; The speed of response of electromagnetic actuator Hydrauservo System is slow, can not satisfy the requirement of diesel engine to the fuel oil multi-injection; Patent of invention " valve core type high pressure co-rail the oil sprayer " (patent No.: 200810102509.1) improved electromagnetic type common-rail injector structure; Be the minimum advanced person's of present part number and high pressure sealing face electromagnetic type co-rail oil injection, have only 25 parts, 8 high pressure sealing faces.The piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail oil sprayer is the state-of-the-art high pressure common rail electric control fuel injector that just had in recent years, its injection pressure high (reaching 200MPa), and speed of response is fast, can satisfy the needs of diesel engine fuel injecting, has further reduced fuel consumption rate and discharging.The piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail oil sprayer utilizes piezo actuator control oil spout; Because the lift of the injector valve unlatching (oil spout) that institute will control is 0.3~0.4 millimeter scope; And piezoelectric crystal when energising elongation little (when voltage 100~200V, the piezoelectric crystal elongation be its thickness about 1/1000), so the piezo actuator of piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail oil sprayer is through amplifying the control injector valve unlatching of amount of deformation system: during energising; Fuel oil in the big piston compression cylinder of piezo actuator promotion hydraulic couplers oil cylinder; Fuel oil promotes small piston (this moment, the small piston stroke increased) control valve of control chamber is opened, and oil pressure descends in the control chamber, under the high pressure fuel effect of needle-valve lower end; Needle-valve lifts promotion control piston bar and moves up the nozzle commencement of fuel injection; After the outage, control valve is closed, and from the high pressure fuel of trifle discharge orifice entering control chamber, the control chamber oil pressure is raise, and closed by the descending promotion needle-valve of oil pressure effect control piston bar, and its structure is still complicated.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the problem of existing high pressure common rail injector complex structure, jet performance difference, provide simple in structure, part is few, high pressure sealing face is few, sealability is better, jet pressure is higher, speed of response sooner, can accurately control a kind of piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail electric-controlled fuel injector of injection rate.
The present invention adopts following technological scheme to realize: a kind of piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail electric-controlled fuel injector; Comprise needle-valve body, needle-valve, tightening nut, oil injector body, piezo crystal Twoway valves; The piezo crystal Twoway valves comprises piezoelectric crystal final controlling element, piezo actuator push rod, valve seat, valve, spring, spring seat; Piezoelectric crystal final controlling element and be linked to be whole final controlling element push rod with its lower end and be contained in the cylindrical hole of oil injector body; The upper end of piezoelectric crystal final controlling element and cylindrical hole are drive fit, and bottom and cylindrical hole are slidingly matched; Valve, spring, needle valve spring, spring seat are housed in valve seat, and needle-valve is installed in the needle-valve body, and the inner cylindrical surface of needle-valve top external cylindrical surface and needle-valve body is that precision is slidingly matched; The upper-end surface of needle-valve body connects with the lower end surface of valve seat, and the upper-end surface of valve seat connects with the lower end surface of oil injector body, and tightening nut is tightened to one with needle-valve body, valve seat and oil injector body; In the little spill port UNICOM on the big spill port at the big aperture middle part of valve seat bottom and conical bore and top, the macropore of valve seat bottom spring seat is housed; The periphery of spring seat and macropore drive fit and separated in the middle of macropore and big spill port; Fuel-displaced throttle orifice on the spring seat links macropore and big spill port, and the meter in hole on the valve seat is with macropore and oil inlet hole UNICOM; The lower end surface of the spring seat of the macropore on the valve seat and its upper end, form control chamber with the upper-end surface of the needle-valve body of lower end and the upper-end surface of needle-valve; Control chamber respectively through the big spill port at the fuel-displaced throttle orifice on the spring seat and valve seat middle part link, oil inlet hole UNICOM on meter in hole and valve seat, the aperture in meter in hole is less than the aperture of fuel-displaced throttle orifice; The lower end that is contained in the spring in the big spill port connects with the upper-end surface of spring seat, the upper-end surface connects with ball valve, ball valve connects with the circular cone sealing surface, and spring is pressed in ball valve on the circular cone sealing surface; Needle valve spring in the control chamber is contained between spring seat and the needle-valve, needle valve spring with the outer cone sealing surface compact of needle-valve lower end on the inner conical nozzle opening sealing surface of needle-valve body endoporus lower end; Pressure chamber and the oil duct of oil inlet hole interface on the oil injector body on oil injector body oil inlet hole, valve seat oil inlet hole, needle-valve body oil inlet hole and needle-valve body links, and oil inlet hole is also through meter in hole and control chamber UNICOM; Control chamber is through fuel-displaced throttle orifice and big spill port and valve UNICOM, and valve is through the oil-return groove of little spill port, valve seat upper-end surface, spill port and spill port interface UNICOM on the oil injector body.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail electric-controlled fuel injector of the present invention is compared with existing common-rail injector; The driving parts that has no elongated rigidity difference; All part has only 11, and (patent No.: part number 200810102509.1) (25) has reduced by 56% (having reduced 14) to the advanced person's that part number has reduced part than optimizing structure patent of invention " valve core type high pressure co-rail oil sprayer ", sealing surface few (having only 3 high pressure dynamic sealing faces and 3 high pressure static seal faces); Part number is few; Structural rigidity is big, and the high more valve of fuel pressure is pressed on the circular cone sealing surface tight more, and sealing is good more; Fuel leakage is few, can satisfy the above ultrahigh pressure fuel-injected needs of 200MPa; The piezo actuator speed of response is fast, and oil sprayer of the present invention does not have the servodrive part simultaneously, and the minimum fuel injection pulse cycle makes diesel engine can realize fuel oil multi-injection (pre-spray, main injection, repeatedly back injection) less than 150 μ s.But that piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail electric-controlled fuel injector of the present invention has is simple in structure, the high multi-injection of fuel-injection pressure and can accurately control the advantage of injection rate; Can make the fuel oil that sprays into burning chamber of diesel engine and air mixing ground more evenly, burning more fully; Reduce discharging and fuel consumption rate, make diesel engine reach increasingly stringent at present and in the future emission regulation demands, adapt to market to further reducing the demand of fuel consume.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail electric-controlled fuel injector.
Among Fig. 1: 1, needle-valve body; 2, needle-valve; 3, tightening nut; 4, needle valve spring; 5, spring seat; 6, oil injector body; F-piezo crystal Twoway valves; F1-piezoelectric crystal final controlling element; F2, piezo actuator push rod; F3, valve seat; F4, valve; F5, spring; Y1, nozzle opening; Y2, oil duct; Y3, pressure chamber; Y4, needle-valve body oil inlet hole; Y5, valve seat oil inlet hole; Y6, oil injector body oil inlet hole; Y7-oil inlet hole interface; H1, big spill port; H2, little spill port; H3, oil-return groove; H4, spill port; H5, spill port interface; J1, meter in hole; J2, fuel-displaced throttle orifice; K, control chamber; H1, needle lift; H2, valve and push rod clearance; M1, nozzle opening sealing surface; M2, inner cylindrical surface; M3, circular cone sealing surface; M4, needle-valve body and sealing surface of seat; M5, valve seat and oil injector body sealing surface; M6, spring seat and valve seat endoporus sealing surface; D, electromagnetic coil circuit interface.
Embodiment
Of the present invention a kind of piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail electric-controlled fuel injector as shown in Figure 1; Comprise needle-valve body 1, needle-valve 2, tightening nut 3, oil injector body 6, piezo crystal Twoway valves F; Piezo crystal Twoway valves F comprises piezoelectric crystal final controlling element F1, piezo actuator push rod F2, valve seat F3, valve F4, spring F5, spring seat 5; Piezoelectric crystal final controlling element F1 and be linked to be whole final controlling element push rod F2 with its lower end and be contained in the cylindrical hole of oil injector body 6; The upper end of piezoelectric crystal final controlling element F1 and cylindrical hole are drive fit, and bottom and cylindrical hole are slidingly matched; Valve F4, spring F5, needle valve spring 4, spring seat 5 are housed in valve seat F3, and needle-valve 2 is installed in the needle-valve body 1, and the inner cylindrical surface M2 of needle-valve 2 top external cylindrical surfaces and needle-valve body 1 is that precision is slidingly matched; The upper-end surface of needle-valve body 1 connects with the lower end surface of valve seat F3, and the upper-end surface of valve seat F3 connects with the lower end surface of oil injector body 6, and tightening nut 3 is tightened to one with needle-valve body 1, valve seat F3 and oil injector body 6; The macropore K of valve seat F3 bottom is equipped with spring seat 5 in the macropore K of the little spill port H2 on the big spill port H1 at middle part and conical bore and top UNICOM, valve seat F3 bottom; The periphery M6 of spring seat 5 and macropore K drive fit and separated in the middle of macropore K and big spill port H1; Fuel-displaced throttle orifice J2 on the spring seat 5 links macropore K and big spill port H1, and the meter in hole J1 on the valve seat F3 is with macropore K and oil inlet hole Y5 UNICOM; The lower end surface of the spring seat 5 of the macropore K on the valve seat F3 and its upper end, form control chamber K with the upper-end surface of the needle-valve body 1 of lower end and the upper-end surface of needle-valve 2; Control chamber K respectively through the big spill port H1 at the fuel-displaced throttle orifice J2 on the spring seat 5 and valve seat F3 middle part link, oil inlet hole Y5 UNICOM on meter in hole J1 and valve seat F3, the aperture of meter in hole J1 is less than the aperture of fuel-displaced throttle orifice J2; The lower end that is contained in the spring F5 in the big spill port H1 connects with the upper-end surface of spring seat 5, the upper-end surface connects with ball valve F4, ball valve F4 connects with circular cone sealing surface M3, and spring F5 is pressed in ball valve F4 on the circular cone sealing surface M3; Needle valve spring 4 in the control chamber K is contained between spring seat 5 and the needle-valve 2, needle valve spring 4 with the outer cone sealing surface compact of needle-valve 2 lower ends on the inner conical nozzle opening sealing surface M2 of needle-valve body 1 endoporus lower end; Pressure chamber Y3 and the oil duct Y2 of oil inlet hole interface Y7 on the oil injector body 6 on oil injector body oil inlet hole Y6, valve seat oil inlet hole Y5, needle-valve body oil inlet hole Y4 and needle-valve body 1 links, and oil inlet hole Y5 is also through meter in hole J1 and control chamber K UNICOM; Control chamber K is through fuel-displaced throttle orifice J2 and big spill port H1 and valve F4 UNICOM, and valve F4 is through the oil-return groove H3 of little spill port H2, valve seat F3 upper-end surface, spill port H4 and spill port interface H5 UNICOM on the oil injector body 6.
Working procedure:
During piezoelectric crystal final controlling element F1 no electric circuit, spring F5 is pressed in ball valve F4 on the circular cone sealing surface M3 of conical bore, and piezo crystal Twoway valves F closes; The high pressure fuel of common rail pipe is divided into two-way by oil inlet hole interface Y7 after oil inlet hole Y6 gets into oil inlet hole Y5; One the tunnel through oil inlet hole Y4 entering pressure chamber Y3 and oil duct Y2; J1 gets into control chamber K through the meter in hole on another road; Control chamber K intermediate fuel oil pressure acts on valve F4 through throttle orifice J2, and valve F4 is pressed on the circular cone sealing surface M3 of valve seat F3 by spring F5 pressure and fuel pressure, and fuel pressure is high more; Valve F4 is pressed in that power on the circular cone sealing surface M3 is bigger, sealing is high more, thereby the ultrahigh pressure fuel oil of salable pressure more than 200MPa; Needle-valve 2 upper-end surfaces are upwarded pressure greater than the high pressure fuel that needle-valve pressure-bearing conical surface Z receives by the down pressure of high pressure fuel and needle valve spring 4; Fuel pressure is high more; It is big more that needle-valve 2 receives downward pressure; Downward fuel pressure and spring pressure are pressed on the needle-valve sealing cone of needle-valve 2 lower ends on the nozzle opening sealing surface M1 of inner conical of needle-valve body 1 endoporus lower end, and with nozzle opening Y1 sealing, oil sprayer cuts out and stops oil spout; When electromagnetic coil circuit interface D switches on; Promotion ball valve F4 left circular cone sealing surface M3 after piezoelectric crystal final controlling element F1 elongation drive piezoelectric crystal final controlling element push rod F2 extended, eliminates gap h downwards; Piezo crystal Twoway valves F opens; Control chamber K inner high voltage fuel oil leaks into the diesel engine return tube through big spill port H1, conical bore, little spill port H2, oil-return groove H3, spill port H4, the spill port interface H5 of fuel-displaced throttle orifice J2, valve seat F3; Because fuel-displaced throttle orifice J2 is greater than meter in hole J1, so J1 flows into the oil mass of the oil mass of control chamber K less than outflow through the meter in hole, fuel pressure descends rapidly in the control chamber K; And pressure chamber Y3 inner high voltage fuel oil still equates with the high-pressure common rail oil pressure; The fuel pressure that needle-valve pressure-bearing conical surface Z receives is greater than the pressure of fuel oil in the control chamber K and 2 pairs of needle-valve 4 upper-end surfaces of needle valve spring, and needle-valve 5 rises, and high pressure fuel sprays into engine chamber through oil inlet hole Y6, Y5, Y4, pressure chamber Y3, oil duct Y2 through nozzle opening Y1 from oil inlet hole interface Y7;
When electromagnetic coil circuit interface D cuts off the power supply; Piezoelectric crystal final controlling element F1 shrinks reinstatement, and spring F5 is pressed onto ball valve F4 on the circular cone sealing surface M3 of conical bore again, and piezo crystal Twoway valves F closes; Oil sprayer is returned to initial conditions again, and oil sprayer cuts out not oil spout.
Above-mentioned piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail electric-controlled fuel injector has 11 parts; Have only M1, M2, three motive sealing faces of M3, M4, M5 and three static seal faces of M6 in the structure; Good airproof performance simple in structure; Can be used for the high-pressure common-rail injection system of fuel pressure more than 200MPa, can make fuel oil spray under higher pressure that burning chamber of diesel engine forms more small particle and with bigger energy and even air mixed combustion.
Because the piezo actuator speed of response is fast; And this oil sprayer does not have elongated driving components such as piston push rod again; Thereby the minimum fuel injection pulse cycle is less than 150 μ s; Can control the accurate injection rate of regulating through ECU, realize that multiple fuel injection (pre-spray, main injection, repeatedly back injection) makes fuel oil mix more equably with air, can further improve combustion efficiency, reduction fuel consumption rate and the exhaust emission of diesel engine.

Claims (1)

1. piezoelectric-type high-pressure common-rail electric-controlled fuel injector; Comprise needle-valve body (1), needle-valve (2), tightening nut (3), oil injector body (6), piezo crystal Twoway valves (F); It is characterized in that piezo crystal Twoway valves (F) comprises piezoelectric crystal final controlling element (F1), piezo actuator push rod (F2), valve seat (F3), valve (F4), spring (F5), spring seat (5); Piezoelectric crystal final controlling element (F1) and be linked to be whole final controlling element push rod (F2) with its lower end and be contained in the cylindrical hole of oil injector body (6); The upper end of piezoelectric crystal final controlling element (F1) and cylindrical hole are drive fit, and bottom and cylindrical hole are slidingly matched; Valve (F4), spring (F5), needle valve spring (4), spring seat (5) are housed in valve seat (F3); Needle-valve (2) is installed in the needle-valve body (1), and the inner cylindrical surface (M2) of needle-valve (2) top external cylindrical surface and needle-valve body (1) is slidingly matched for precision; The upper-end surface of needle-valve body (1) connects with the lower end surface of valve seat (F3), and the upper-end surface of valve seat (F3) connects with the lower end surface of oil injector body (6), and tightening nut (3) is tightened to one with needle-valve body (1), valve seat (F3) with oil injector body (6); The macropore (K) of valve seat (F3) bottom is equipped with spring seat (5) in the macropore (K) of little spill port (H2) UNICOM on the big spill port (H1) at middle part and conical bore and top, valve seat (F3) bottom; The periphery (M6) of spring seat (5) is with macropore (K) drive fit and at a distance from middle with big spill port (H1) at macropore (K); Fuel-displaced throttle orifice (J2) on the spring seat (5) links macropore (K) and big spill port (H1), and the meter in hole (J1) on the valve seat (F3) is with macropore (K) and oil inlet hole (Y5) UNICOM; The lower end surface of the spring seat (5) of the macropore (K) on the valve seat (F3) and macropore (K) upper end, form control chamber with the upper-end surface of the needle-valve body (1) of lower end and the upper-end surface of needle-valve (2); Control chamber respectively through the big spill port (H1) at the fuel-displaced throttle orifice (J2) on the spring seat (5) and valve seat (F3) middle part link, oil inlet hole (Y5) UNICOM on meter in hole (J1) and valve seat (F3), the aperture of meter in hole (J1) is less than the aperture of fuel-displaced throttle orifice (J2); The lower end that is contained in the spring (F5) in the big spill port (H1) connects with the upper-end surface of spring seat (5), the upper-end surface connects with ball valve (F4), ball valve (F4) connects with circular cone sealing surface (M3), and spring (F5) is pressed in ball valve (F4) on the circular cone sealing surface (M3); Needle valve spring (4) in the control chamber is contained between spring seat (5) and the needle-valve (2), needle valve spring (4) with the outer cone sealing surface compact of needle-valve (2) lower end on the inner conical nozzle opening sealing surface (M2) of needle-valve body (1) endoporus lower end; Pressure chamber (Y3) and the oil duct (Y2) of oil inlet hole interface (Y7) on the oil injector body (6) on oil injector body oil inlet hole (Y6), valve seat oil inlet hole (Y5), needle-valve body oil inlet hole (Y4) and needle-valve body (1) links, and oil inlet hole (Y5) is (J1) and control chamber UNICOM through the meter in hole also; Control chamber is through fuel-displaced throttle orifice (J2) and big spill port (H1) and valve (F4) UNICOM, and valve (F4) is through the oil-return groove (H3) of little spill port (H2), valve seat (F3) upper-end surface, spill port (H4) and spill port interface (H5) UNICOM on the oil injector body (6).
CN2010105347621A 2010-11-08 2010-11-08 Piezoelectric high-pressure common rail electronic control injector Expired - Fee Related CN101963119B (en)

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203867753U (en) * 2013-10-24 2014-10-08 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 Oil sprayer
CN104806398B (en) * 2015-04-08 2018-06-12 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 A kind of no static leakage common-rail injector
CN105134438A (en) * 2015-08-06 2015-12-09 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) Controllable needle valve lift electronic fuel injector
CN108412653B (en) * 2018-03-30 2023-11-03 重油高科电控燃油喷射系统(重庆)有限公司 Common rail fuel injector

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WO2005121544A1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector with variable actuator transmission
WO2005121543A1 (en) * 2004-06-11 2005-12-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector with variable actuator transmission
CN1712696A (en) * 2004-06-25 2005-12-28 株式会社电装 Pressure controlling valve for oil sprayer operation
CN100451324C (en) * 2006-04-03 2009-01-14 柳州华威电控技术有限公司 Piezoelectric ceramic electric control diesel oil injector

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WO2005121544A1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector with variable actuator transmission
WO2005121543A1 (en) * 2004-06-11 2005-12-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector with variable actuator transmission
CN1712696A (en) * 2004-06-25 2005-12-28 株式会社电装 Pressure controlling valve for oil sprayer operation
CN100451324C (en) * 2006-04-03 2009-01-14 柳州华威电控技术有限公司 Piezoelectric ceramic electric control diesel oil injector

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