CN101959578B - 用于压缩二氧化碳的方法 - Google Patents

用于压缩二氧化碳的方法 Download PDF

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CN101959578B
CN101959578B CN200880127482XA CN200880127482A CN101959578B CN 101959578 B CN101959578 B CN 101959578B CN 200880127482X A CN200880127482X A CN 200880127482XA CN 200880127482 A CN200880127482 A CN 200880127482A CN 101959578 B CN101959578 B CN 101959578B
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carbon dioxide
pressure
compressed
gas
temperature
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CN101959578A (zh
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T·蒙克
M·内尔克
L·施吕特
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0266—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/80—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/80—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being carbon dioxide

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

在多级的传动装置压缩机中借助于基本上等温的过程将二氧化碳压缩到在二氧化碳的临界点的压力之上的压力。随后将二氧化碳在冷却装置中冷却到环境温度，并且随后在泵装置中压缩到给定的最终压力。

Description

用于压缩二氧化碳的方法
背景技术
在燃烧含碳的燃料时形成了二氧化碳。对于给定的能量载体，所产生的二氧化碳的量直接取决于燃料的量并且由此取决于所转化的能量的量。现代的设备以及运行方法虽然能够比以前更好地利用包含在燃料中的能量，但是不能防止气体的形成。 
因为还没有提出有效的并且经济的方法用于分离二氧化碳，所以二氧化碳的量泄漏到大气中并且引起全球变暖。为了防止二氧化碳进入大气中，已知将二氧化碳储藏到深入地表下方的空腔中。例如，在北海许多年以来将影响气候的气体泵入深入海底的岩层中。 
此外，必须将二氧化碳从环境压力以及温度置于允许通过管道将气体置于地下的储藏场所中的压力水平。 
这意味着，用于二氧化碳的压缩单元必须提供80-300巴的最终压力。 
为此，需要相应巨大的功率。 
从“International Journal of Greenhouse gas Control I(2007)”中公开了Audun Aspelund和Kristin Jordal的论文，该论文提出了将CO2压缩到临界压力以下的大约65巴的压力，并且随后进行冷却从而随着后面的泵送冷凝到150巴的最终压力。 
所描述的方法的缺点尤其是大约10℃的较低的循环冷却温度，该循环冷却温度尤其在具有自然的热降的热的季节中很难提供或者甚至不能提供。在此，尤其关注，二氧化碳的有待压缩的量要求强劲的压缩设备的循环冷却。 
发明内容
本发明的任务是说明一种用于压缩二氧化碳的方法，其中要求尽可能小的功率。 
所述任务对于开头所述类型的方法来说通过以下方法得到解决，即在第一步骤中将首先气态的二氧化碳在压缩机中借助于基本上等温的过程压缩到在二氧化碳的临界点的压力之上的压力，在第二步骤中将二氧化碳在冷却装置中冷却到临界点的温度之下的温度，并且然后在第三步骤中将二氧化碳在泵装置中压缩到给定的最终压力。 
在按本发明的方法中，通过组合地使用涡轮压缩机和泵装置来达到最终压力。所述涡轮压缩机将气体从环境条件压缩到80-90巴的暂时的最终压力。在此，按本发明的过程在等温过程附近运动。在涡轮压缩机的出口处，气体的温度大约为120-140℃。通过有针对性地将二氧化碳在80-90巴时循环冷却到10-30℃的温度水平，实现了二氧化碳的密度在典型的液体的密度附近的状态。然后，在该状态下的二氧化碳能够借助于泵置于直至400巴的所希望的最终压力。在此，泵的能量消耗通常明显低于用涡轮压缩机进行的类似的压缩。 
如果不用泵、而是用其它类型的压缩机、例如用单轴压缩机实施所要求的200巴的最终压力，那么需要大约多10％的功率，并且二氧化碳处于对于管道来说高太多的温度。那就会需要额外的二次冷却器。 
按本发明的方法相对于现有技术具有显著的优点，即循环冷却温度处于二氧化碳的临界温度的区域内-也就是在31℃。这种温度能够毫无问题地借助于自然的热降提供，从而不必提供如现有技术所要求的那样的额外的冷却设备。相应地提高了整个设备的效率，并且在整个设备的功率输出相同的情况下能够减少初级能量载体的使用。 
相应地也降低了-即使是能储藏的形式的-所产生的二氧化碳。以这种方式更慢地装满尤其自然的最终储藏场所。 
此外，能够更简单地构造用于循环冷却压缩的二氧化碳的热交换器，因为湿蒸汽区域中的从气态的二氧化碳到液体的相变需要更贵的材料选择。 
附图说明
下面应该根据附图中示出的压力-焓图表对按本发明的方法进行详细描述。 
具体实施方式
在示出的压力-焓图表中以箭头和点的形式示出了按本发明的方法的方法特性曲线。 
在方法开始时在点P1，有待压缩的二氧化碳处于环境温度下。在涡轮压缩机中的传动装置中或者说在传动装置压缩机中，在点P1处于环境压力下的二氧化碳被压缩到点P13的大约90巴的压力。在此，除 了最后阶段，在每个压缩阶段之后进行循环冷却，从而考虑等温的压缩过程。 
也就是说，在点P1和P2、P3和P4、P5和P6、P7和P8、P9和P10、P11和P13之间分别压缩二氧化碳。其中，分别在点P2和P3、P4和P5、P6和P7、P8和P9、P10和P11之间将二氧化碳循环冷却到相应恒定的压力水平。尽管经过多次循环冷却，传动装置压缩机的出口处的温度仍旧大约为120℃。 
随后，在特别的冷却装置中将120℃的二氧化碳循环冷却到30℃，这通过P13和P14之间的箭头示出。在此，二氧化碳的密度明显增加并且达到大约750kg/m3的密度。由此，超临界的二氧化碳或者说超临界的气体具有类似于液体密度的密度，并且能够几乎不可压缩地泵送。由此，用于泵送到200巴最终压力的能量消耗是比较小的。 
按本发明的方法的特别之处是围绕临界点进行压缩，由此省去了冷凝以及2相流。二氧化碳的临界点在74巴以及31℃。可以从压力-焓图表中获知，按本发明的方法的方法特性曲线在二氧化碳的临界点上方延伸。 

Claims (1)

1.用于压缩二氧化碳的方法，
其特征在于，
-在第一步骤中将首先气态的二氧化碳在压缩机中借助于基本上等温的过程压缩到在二氧化碳的临界点的压力之上的压力，
-在第二步骤中将二氧化碳在冷却装置中冷却到临界点的温度之下的温度，从而实现在典型液体的密度附近的密度，并且
-然后在第三步骤中将二氧化碳在泵装置中压缩到给定的最终压力。
CN200880127482XA 2008-02-25 2008-10-29 用于压缩二氧化碳的方法 Active CN101959578B (zh)

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EP08003404A EP2092973A1 (de) 2008-02-25 2008-02-25 Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Kohlenstoffdioxid oder eines ähnliche Eigenschaften aufweisenden Gases
EP08003404.4 2008-02-25
PCT/EP2008/064666 WO2009106160A1 (de) 2008-02-25 2008-10-29 Verfahren zur verdichtung von kohlenstoffdioxid oder eines ähnliche eigenschaften aufweisenden gases

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DE102009031309A1 (de) 2009-06-30 2011-01-05 Ksb Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Förderung von Fluiden mit Kreiselpumpen
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EP2476476B1 (en) 2011-01-14 2018-05-30 General Electric Technology GmbH Compression of a carbon dioxide containing fluid
EP2896453B1 (en) * 2012-09-13 2018-11-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation Compressing system, and gas compressing method
US10386341B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2019-08-20 Waters Technologies Corporation Carbon dioxide liquid phase forming using high volume head displacement
CN107917017A (zh) * 2016-10-09 2018-04-17 上海齐耀动力技术有限公司 天然气发动机燃料供给方法及系统

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US6170264B1 (en) * 1997-09-22 2001-01-09 Clean Energy Systems, Inc. Hydrocarbon combustion power generation system with CO2 sequestration
US5931021A (en) * 1997-06-24 1999-08-03 Shnaid; Isaac Straightforward method and once-through apparatus for gas liquefaction
DE59811106D1 (de) 1998-02-25 2004-05-06 Alstom Technology Ltd Baden Kraftwerksanlage und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Kraftwerksanlage mit einem CO2-Prozess
US6751985B2 (en) * 2002-03-20 2004-06-22 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Process for producing a pressurized liquefied gas product by cooling and expansion of a gas stream in the supercritical state
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CN101959578A (zh) 2011-01-26
EP2092973A1 (de) 2009-08-26
US8512440B2 (en) 2013-08-20
US20110041686A1 (en) 2011-02-24
EP2247367A1 (de) 2010-11-10
WO2009106160A1 (de) 2009-09-03

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