Background technology
Nano zine oxide (ZnO) has absorption, scatters ultraviolet and photo-catalysis capability etc., and at uvioresistant paint, fields such as photocatalytic environmental-protection material have a wide range of applications.Yet nano-ZnO is easily reunited, and is restricted in application process.In recent years, the nano-ZnO surface is modified and be that template prepares the ZnO nano composite structure and receives publicity with organism or inorganics.Because polystyrene (PS) preparation is simple, the easy functionalization of PS microsphere surface, size is easy to control, and it is that template prepares the shell-nuclear compounded particle of PS/ nano-ZnO with PS that report is arranged." material and chemistry " (Chemistry of Materials, 2007,19,1845-1852) introduction is carried out emulsion copolymerization with 2-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate and vinylbenzene (St), PS is carried out the surface-functionalized PS of making microsphere surface have active beta-dicarbonyl, by beta-dicarbonyl and nano-ZnO presoma (zn cpds) effect, generate nano-ZnO at the PS microsphere surface, preparation PS/ZnO composite nano-microsphere.But the PS/ZnO composite nano-microsphere particle diameter that above method makes is big (500nm-600nm), and the 2-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate of Shi Yonging is expensive in addition." European polymkeric substance " (European polymer Journal, 44 (2008) 3271 – 3279) introduced a kind of method of the simple PS/ZnO of preparation composite nano-microsphere, with octadecenic acid the nano-ZnO surface is handled, with the St monomer copolymerization, wherein nano-ZnO plays tensio-active agent again.This method for preparing the PS/ZnO composite nano-microsphere is simple to operation, but the nano-ZnO particle of the PS/ZnO composite nano-microsphere PS microsphere surface that makes is inhomogeneous, and is dispersed bad, can not well embody some performances of nano-ZnO in application.The present invention proposes to adopt the method for mini-emulsion polymerization to prepare polymer microballoon on the basis of above research, adopts in-situ method to prepare nano-ZnO on the polymer microballoon surface, finally makes polymkeric substance/ZnO composite nano-microsphere.
Summary of the invention
It is controlled to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of particle diameter and form, disperses the preparation method of better polymerization thing/ZnO composite nano-microsphere.
Technical scheme of the present invention: the preparation method of a kind of polymkeric substance-ZnO composite nano-microsphere, adopt the method for mini-emulsion polymerization that vinyl monomer and organo-siloxane are carried out the polymer microballoon that the copolymerization surface has the activated silica hydroxyl; Activated silica hydroxyl by organic amine alkali source and described polymer microballoon surface acts on polymer microballoon surface in situ generation nano-ZnO again, makes polymkeric substance-ZnO composite nano-microsphere; Step is:
1) prepare the polymer microballoon of surface silanol groupization with the method for mini-emulsion polymerization, consist of: vinyl monomer, organo-siloxane, emulsifying agent, co-stabilizer, initiator and pH regulator agent and deionized water, the quality consumption is as follows:
Vinyl monomer 85-95,
Organo-siloxane 5-15,
The percentage consumption that other component accounts for vinyl monomer and organo-siloxane quality sum is:
Emulsifying agent 0.5-1.5,
Co-stabilizer 2-7,
Initiator 0.5-1.5,
PH regulator agent 0.5-1.5,
Deionized water 500-900.
Operation steps is: by proportioning emulsifying agent, pH regulator agent, deionized water are mixed, be the A component; By proportioning vinyl monomer, organo-siloxane, co-stabilizer and initiator are mixed, be the B component; At ambient temperature the B component slowly is added drop-wise in the A component, stirs while dripping; Drip back continuation stirring 0.5h and carry out emulsification; Again with the thin emulsification 10min of ultrasonic wave; After the thin emulsification under 60-70 ℃ of condition polyase 13 h, make the polymer microballoon of surface silanol groupization.
Described emulsifying agent is selected sodium laurylsulfonate (SLS), sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS) or Trimethyllaurylammonium bromide (DTAB) etc. for use.
Described co-stabilizer is selected hexadecanol (CA), lauryl mercaptan, Stearyl mercaptan or hexadecane (HD) etc. for use.
Described initiator is a water soluble starter: select a kind of of Potassium Persulphate (KPS), ammonium persulphate (APS) for use; Or oil-soluble initiator: select a kind of of Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (AIBN), 2,2'-Azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (ABVN), dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO), lauroyl peroxide (LPO) for use.
One or both of sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, yellow soda ash, sodium phosphate, SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, potassium hydrogen phosphate are selected in described pH regulator agent for use.
2) in-situ method prepares polymkeric substance-ZnO composite nano-microsphere, in a certain amount of above-mentioned polymer microballoon emulsion, add organic amine, the alcoholic solution that adds zn cpds again, activated silica hydroxyl effect by organic amine alkali source and polymer microballoon surface prepares polymkeric substance-ZnO composite nano-microsphere, and the quality consumption is as follows:
Polymer microballoon emulsion 3-10
Deionized water 30-50
Organic amine 5-17
Zn cpds 0.1-0.5
Alcohol 25-45
Operation steps is: take out the above-mentioned polymer microballoon emulsion of part, be raised to 45-60 ℃ with the deionized water dilution and with temperature, slowly drip organic amine, stir while dripping, add the back and continue to stir 0.5h, be the C component; Zn cpds is dissolved in the alcohol, is the D component; The D component slowly is added dropwise in the C component, stirs, add the back and continue reaction 0.5h, make polymkeric substance-ZnO composite nano-microsphere while dripping.
Described vinyl monomer is selected vinylbenzene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl-acetic ester, vinyl cyanide or vinylchlorid etc. for use.
Described organo-siloxane is selected 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, methacryloxypropyl triethoxyl silane or vinyltriethoxysilane etc. for use.
Described organic amine is selected trolamine or tri-isopropanolamine etc. for use.
Described zn cpds is selected Zinc diacetate dihydrate, zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate or zinc chloride etc. for use.
Described alcohol is selected methyl alcohol, dehydrated alcohol, propyl alcohol, butanols or Virahol etc. for use.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the polymkeric substance/ZnO composite nano-microsphere of the present invention's preparation has the following advantages: the nano-ZnO form on the particle diameter of complex microsphere and polymer microballoon surface is controlled; Has dispersion stabilization preferably.Be widely used in fields such as uvioresistant paint and photocatalytic environmental-protection materials.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described below in conjunction with example.
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing 0.1g SDS, the 0.1g sodium bicarbonate, the 0.1g SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, with the dilution of 90g deionized water, immigration has whipping appts, in the 250mL four-hole bottle of thermometer and reflux condensate device (A component); Take by weighing 8.5g vinylbenzene (St) monomer, 1.5g 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (MEMO), 0.5g HD, 0.1g AIBN(B component), the back that stirs moves in the dropping funnel.Under the room temperature condition B component slowly is added drop-wise in the A component, adds back continuation stirring 0.5h and carry out emulsification.Take out above-mentioned mixed composition, the thin emulsification 10min of ultrasonic wave.Continue to transfer to whipping appts is housed, in the 250mL four-hole bottle of thermometer and reflux condensate device, temperature is slowly risen to 70 ℃, polyase 13 h makes the PS microballoon of surface silanol groupization.
The above-mentioned PS emulsion of taking-up 5g is diluted with the 40g deionized water, transfers to have whipping appts, in the 250mL four-hole bottle of thermometer and reflux condensate device, temperature slowly is raised to 55 ℃; In four-hole bottle, slowly drip the 8g trolamine, stir, add the back and continue to stir the 0.5h(C component) while dripping; Take by weighing the 0.1g Zinc diacetate dihydrate, use the 30g anhydrous alcohol solution, transfer to (D component) in the dropping funnel after the dissolving fully; The D component slowly is added drop-wise in the C component, stirs, add the back and continue reaction 0.5h, make polymkeric substance/ZnO composite nano-microsphere while dripping.By transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of Fig. 2 as can be known the PS microsphere surface wrapped one deck nano-ZnO particle uniformly.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing 0.1g SDS, 0.1g sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO
3), 0.1g SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC (NaH
2PO
4), with the dilution of 90g deionized water, immigration has whipping appts, in the 250mL four-hole bottle of thermometer and reflux condensate device (A component); Take by weighing 8.5g vinylbenzene (St) monomer, 1.5g 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (MEMO), 0.5g HD, 0.1g KPS(B component), the back that stirs moves in the dropping funnel.Under the room temperature condition B component slowly is added drop-wise in the A component, adds back continuation stirring 0.5h and carry out emulsification.Take out above-mentioned mixed composition, the thin emulsification 10min of ultrasonic wave.Continue to transfer to whipping appts is housed, in the 250mL four-hole bottle of thermometer and reflux condensate device, temperature is slowly risen to 70 ℃, polyase 13 h makes the PS microballoon of surface silanol groupization.
The above-mentioned PS emulsion of taking-up 5g is diluted with the 40g deionized water, transfers to have whipping appts, in the 250mL four-hole bottle of thermometer and reflux condensate device, temperature slowly is raised to 55 ℃; In four-hole bottle, slowly drip the 8g trolamine, stir, add the back and continue to stir the 0.5h(C component) while dripping; Take by weighing the 0.1g Zinc diacetate dihydrate, use the 30g anhydrous alcohol solution, transfer to (D component) in the dropping funnel after the dissolving fully; The D component slowly is added drop-wise in the C component, stirs, add the back and continue reaction 0.5h, make polymkeric substance/ZnO composite nano-microsphere while dripping.Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image by Fig. 3 has been wrapped one deck nano-ZnO particle in the PS surface as can be known uniformly.