CN101951216B - Adjustment method for reverse operation of water pumps in pumping station to generate electricity - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及的是一种泵站技术领域的调节方法，具体地，涉及一种采用发电运行频率变换的泵站水泵反向运行发电的调节方法。The present invention relates to an adjustment method in the technical field of pumping stations, in particular to an adjustment method for generating electricity generated by reverse operation of water pumps in the pumping station using power generation operation frequency conversion.
背景技术 Background technique
性能良好的水泵可作为水轮机运行，国内某些泵站对水泵反向发电方式进行尝试，取得了明显的经济效益。A water pump with good performance can be used as a water turbine. Some pump stations in China have tried the reverse power generation method of the water pump and achieved obvious economic benefits.
由于在水泵设计时是按水泵自身最高运行效率选择，同时要克服流道损失，一般高效率区扬程较高，而水泵作为水轮机运行时，其反向发电运行时的水头往往比抽水运行时的额定扬程要小，因此，同转速运行方式对一般水泵来说，其运行效率偏低，不能有效利用水资源。即直接采用同转速发电一般效率很低，通过降低水泵(水轮机)转速可以获得更大的发电效率，但一般泵站采用同步电机，调速较为困难。为提高发电效率，泵站水泵在反向发电运行时可采取增极降速的方式。Since the design of the water pump is based on the highest operating efficiency of the pump itself, and at the same time to overcome the loss of the flow channel, the head of the high-efficiency area is generally higher, and when the water pump operates as a water turbine, the water head during reverse power generation operation is often higher than that during pumping operation. The rated head should be small, therefore, for general water pumps in the same speed operation mode, the operating efficiency is low, and water resources cannot be effectively used. That is to say, the direct use of the same speed for power generation is generally very inefficient, and greater power generation efficiency can be obtained by reducing the speed of the water pump (turbine), but generally the pumping station uses a synchronous motor, and speed regulation is more difficult. In order to improve the efficiency of power generation, the water pumps in the pumping station can adopt the method of increasing poles and reducing speed during reverse power generation operation.
现有技术中当水泵作为水轮机同转速发电运行工况时，此时水轮机被强制在同步转速下，处于较低的发电效率。虽然能够通过改变(增加)电机的极对数来降低电机的转速来提高一定的发电效率，但不能使机组时刻工作在最佳发电效率下。In the prior art, when the water pump is used as a water turbine to generate electricity at the same speed, the water turbine is forced to operate at a synchronous speed and has a low power generation efficiency. Although it is possible to reduce the rotational speed of the motor by changing (increasing) the number of pole pairs of the motor to improve a certain power generation efficiency, it cannot make the unit work at the best power generation efficiency all the time.
现有技术中当采用发电电动机机组型式的频率变换运行工况时，水轮发电机发出的电能带动低频的电动机运行，低频电动机再带动工频发电机运行，达到并网发电目的。机组型式的频率变换装置在一定程度上能够提高水轮机发电效率，由于机组运行频率的不可调节性，当发电水头改变时，其就不能维持水轮机处于最佳发电运行效率。In the prior art, when the frequency conversion operating condition of the generator-motor unit type is used, the electric energy generated by the hydro-generator drives the low-frequency motor to run, and the low-frequency motor drives the power-frequency generator to run to achieve the purpose of grid-connected power generation. The frequency conversion device of the unit type can improve the power generation efficiency of the turbine to a certain extent. Due to the non-adjustability of the operating frequency of the unit, when the power generation head changes, it cannot maintain the optimal power generation efficiency of the turbine.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种泵站水泵反向运行发电的调节方法。本发明采用发电运行频率变换的泵站水泵反向运行方式，所要解决的技术问题是在水力发电中具有时刻保持水泵发电机最大发电效率、运行灵活、调节方便这样性能的运行模式。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a method for adjusting power generation by reverse operation of water pumps in pumping stations. The invention adopts the reverse operation mode of the water pump of the pumping station with power generation operation frequency conversion, and the technical problem to be solved is to have the operation mode of maintaining the maximum power generation efficiency of the water pump generator at all times, flexible operation, and convenient adjustment in hydroelectric power generation.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
本发明通过在水泵发电机和电网之间采用可使能量双向流动的频率变换，把网侧50Hz的电能转换成频率可调节的电能，从而调节发电机转速使之处于最佳发电效率工况下，包括步骤如下：The present invention converts the 50 Hz electric energy on the grid side into electric energy with adjustable frequency by adopting frequency conversion between the water pump generator and the power grid so that the energy can flow bidirectionally, so as to adjust the generator speed so that it is in the best power generation efficiency working condition , including the following steps:
①频率变换装置启动水泵空载运行，在40Hz频率对应转速下，此时水泵电动机通过频率变换装置从电网吸收电能；①The frequency conversion device starts the pump to run without load, and at the corresponding speed of 40Hz, the pump motor absorbs electric energy from the grid through the frequency conversion device;
②开启放水闸门，水泵水轮机同方向运行，由电动状态进入发电状态，发电转速稳定在40Hz频率对应转速，此时在该水头下水泵工作在发电机状态，能量通过频率变换装置流入电网；② Open the water discharge gate, the water pump and turbine run in the same direction, enter the power generation state from the electric state, and the power generation speed is stable at the speed corresponding to the 40Hz frequency. At this time, the water pump works in the generator state under this water head, and the energy flows into the grid through the frequency conversion device;
③寻找水轮机运行的最佳发电转速，使发电机运行在最佳发电转速下，获得最佳发电效率。③Find the optimal power generation speed for the operation of the turbine so that the generator operates at the optimum power generation speed to obtain the best power generation efficiency.
所述的最佳发电转速，是指：The optimum generating speed refers to:
水泵发电机在某一水头情况下进入稳定转速发电后，此时，以1Hz频率步长增加频率变换装置机侧频率，水泵发电机运行转速随之升高：After the water pump generator enters a stable speed to generate power under a certain water head condition, at this time, increase the machine side frequency of the frequency conversion device with a frequency step of 1 Hz, and the running speed of the water pump generator will increase accordingly:
当若输出功率呈现增长趋势，则在50Hz内继续增加机侧频率，直到输出功率出现降低趋势；If the output power shows an increasing trend, continue to increase the machine side frequency within 50Hz until the output power shows a downward trend;
记录输出频率出现拐点时对应的机侧频率，再以0.1Hz频率步长降低机侧输出频率，发电机输出功率呈增长趋势，直至输出频率出现降低趋势时，频率变换装置机侧频率稳定运行，此时即为该水头下水泵发电机最佳发电效率运行转速。Record the machine-side frequency corresponding to the inflection point of the output frequency, and then reduce the machine-side output frequency with a frequency step of 0.1 Hz. The output power of the generator shows an increasing trend until the output frequency decreases, and the machine-side frequency of the frequency conversion device operates stably. At this time, it is the operating speed of the water pump generator with the best power generation efficiency under the water head.
当输出功率呈现降低趋势，则以1Hz频率步长降低机侧频率，若输出功率呈现增长趋势，则继续降低机侧频率，直到输出功率出现降低趋势；When the output power shows a downward trend, reduce the machine-side frequency with a frequency step of 1 Hz. If the output power shows an increasing trend, continue to reduce the machine-side frequency until the output power shows a downward trend;
记录输出频率出现拐点时对应的机侧频率，再以0.1Hz频率步长增加机侧输出频率，发电机输出功率呈增长趋势，直至输出频率出现降低趋势时，频率变换装置机侧频率稳定运行，此时即为该水头下水泵发电机最佳发电效率运行转速。Record the machine-side frequency corresponding to the inflection point of the output frequency, and then increase the machine-side output frequency with a frequency step of 0.1 Hz. The output power of the generator shows an increasing trend until the output frequency decreases, and the frequency conversion device operates stably at the machine-side frequency. At this time, it is the operating speed of the water pump generator with the best power generation efficiency under the water head.
如果水头增加时，发电机最佳发电效率运行转速会相应增加，此时以1Hz频率步长增加频率变换装置机侧频率，水泵发电机运行转速随之升高；If the water head increases, the operating speed of the generator with the best power generation efficiency will increase accordingly. At this time, increase the frequency of the frequency conversion device at the machine side with a frequency step of 1 Hz, and the operating speed of the water pump generator will increase accordingly;
或者如果水头降低时，发电机最佳发电效率运行转速会相应降低，此时以1Hz频率步长降低频率变换装置机侧频率，水泵发电机运行转速随之降低；Or if the water head decreases, the running speed of the generator with the best power generation efficiency will decrease accordingly. At this time, reduce the machine side frequency of the frequency conversion device with a frequency step of 1 Hz, and the running speed of the water pump generator will decrease accordingly;
根据最佳发电转速寻找方式，使发电机运行在最佳发电转速下，获得最佳发电效率。Find the way according to the optimum power generation speed to make the generator run at the optimum power generation speed and obtain the best power generation efficiency.
本发明对于水泵反向发电运行，是根据不同水泵和不同水头，使水泵发电机运行的水泵自动调节获得最佳发电效率，时刻保持最高发电效率运行。根据机组特性，在不同水头时对并网运行电源的频率进行连续调节以调整机组的运行转速，使机组永远运行在较佳工况下，可大大提高发电运行效率，充分利用了水利资源。通常情况下，相对于直接并网强制运行在同步转速时的发电工况相比，通过本发明所用的方法进行发电可提高50％发电量。同时，本发明提供的方法为水力发电提供了一种全新的运行方式，通过发电运行频率调节，可使原来不能运行在发电工况下的水泵增加了水泵反向运行发电的可行性。For the reverse power generation operation of the water pump, the present invention automatically adjusts the water pump operated by the water pump generator to obtain the best power generation efficiency according to different water pumps and different water heads, and maintains the highest power generation efficiency operation at all times. According to the characteristics of the unit, the frequency of the grid-connected power supply is continuously adjusted at different water heads to adjust the operating speed of the unit, so that the unit will always run under the best working condition, which can greatly improve the efficiency of power generation and make full use of water resources. Under normal circumstances, compared with the power generation condition of direct grid-connected forced operation at synchronous speed, the power generation by the method used in the present invention can increase the power generation by 50%. At the same time, the method provided by the present invention provides a brand-new operation mode for hydroelectric power generation. Through the adjustment of the power generation operation frequency, the water pump that cannot operate under the power generation condition can increase the feasibility of reverse operation of the water pump to generate power.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1本发明工作流程示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例作详细说明：以下实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: the following embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solutions of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and processes are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementations example.
实施例Example
为使水轮机时刻处于最佳发电效率，频率变换采用频率可连续调节的“静止式”变频变换模式，对水头变化、频率调节、转速调整采用闭环调节方式，根据水头的变频时刻调整其机侧频率，从而使水轮机始终运行在高效发电运行转速下。In order to keep the turbine at the best power generation efficiency at all times, the frequency conversion adopts the "static" frequency conversion conversion mode with continuously adjustable frequency, and adopts a closed-loop adjustment method for water head change, frequency adjustment, and speed adjustment, and adjusts the machine side frequency according to the frequency conversion time of the water head , so that the turbine always runs at the operating speed of high-efficiency power generation.
根据水轮机效率特性曲线，对某一水头和某一性能下的水轮机，其最佳运行效率和一特定转速对应。水泵反向发电功率调节可分水头一定而水轮机性能不同情况下的发电调节和水轮机性能一定而水头变化情况下的发电功率调节。According to the efficiency characteristic curve of the water turbine, for a water turbine under a certain water head and a certain performance, its optimal operating efficiency corresponds to a specific speed. The reverse power generation regulation of the water pump can be divided into the power generation regulation under the condition of constant water head and different turbine performance and the power generation regulation under the condition of constant water turbine performance and variable water head.
如图1所示，本实施例包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment includes the following steps:
①频率变换装置启动水泵空载运行，使水泵电机工作在电动状况下，水泵电动机在频率变换装置的带动下逐步升高转速，最终稳定运行在40Hz频率对应转速下，此时水泵电动机通过频率变换装置从电网吸收电能。①The frequency conversion device starts the water pump to run without load, so that the water pump motor works under the electric state, and the water pump motor gradually increases the speed under the drive of the frequency conversion device, and finally runs stably at the corresponding speed of 40Hz frequency. At this time, the water pump motor passes the frequency conversion The device draws power from the grid.
水泵电动机空载稳定运行时的频率在第一次运行时可初步设定在40Hz，在以后的运行过程中可以根据历史运行记录，根据发电机启动时的水头值，直接设定可使发电机工作在最佳发电效率时的接近运行频率，减少频率调节过程，从一定程度上提高发电量。为此，水库需增设水头监测装置。The frequency of the pump motor running stably with no load can be preliminarily set at 40Hz during the first operation, and can be directly set according to the historical operation records and the water head value when the generator starts to make the generator Working at the operating frequency close to the best power generation efficiency, reducing the frequency adjustment process and increasing the power generation to a certain extent. To this end, the reservoir needs to add water head monitoring device.
②水泵电动机稳定运行后，开启放水闸门，水泵水轮机在水流的冲击下，同方向加速运行，在速度处于超同步转速时，投入励磁系统，水泵电机由电动状态进入发电状态，发电转速稳定在40Hz频率对应转速，此时在该水头下水泵工作在发电机状态，能量通过频率变换装置流入电网。② After the pump motor runs stably, open the water discharge gate, and the pump turbine will accelerate in the same direction under the impact of the water flow. When the speed is at a super-synchronous speed, put into the excitation system, and the pump motor will enter the power generation state from the electric state, and the power generation speed will be stable at 40Hz The frequency corresponds to the rotation speed. At this time, the water pump works as a generator under the water head, and the energy flows into the power grid through the frequency conversion device.
水泵电机能量传递方向发生变化，为此频率变换装置须为四象限运行装置，可以适应电机运行方式改变带来的能量传输方向变换的暂态过程。The energy transmission direction of the water pump motor changes, so the frequency conversion device must be a four-quadrant operation device, which can adapt to the transient process of the energy transmission direction change caused by the change of the motor operation mode.
③水泵发电机在某一水头情况下进入上述转速稳定发电运行后，寻找该水头下对应水轮机运行特性的最佳发电转速。初始，以1Hz频率步长增加频率变换装置机侧频率，水泵发电机运行转速随之升高，监控系统自动监测并记录发电机输出功率。③ After the water pump generator enters the stable power generation operation of the above-mentioned speed under a certain water head, find the best power generation speed corresponding to the operating characteristics of the water turbine under the water head. Initially, increasing the machine side frequency of the frequency conversion device with a frequency step of 1 Hz, the operating speed of the pump generator increases accordingly, and the monitoring system automatically monitors and records the output power of the generator.
④分析发电机输出功率变化趋势，若输出功率呈现增长趋势，则继续增加机侧频率(不会超过50Hz)，直到输出功率出现降低趋势。记录输出频率出现拐点时对应的机侧频率，再以0.1Hz频率步长降低机侧输出频率，发电机输出功率呈增长趋势，直至输出频率出现降低趋势时，频率变换装置机侧频率稳定运行，此时即为该水头下水泵发电机最佳发电效率运行转速。④ Analyze the change trend of generator output power. If the output power shows an increasing trend, continue to increase the machine side frequency (not exceeding 50Hz) until the output power shows a downward trend. Record the machine-side frequency corresponding to the inflection point of the output frequency, and then reduce the machine-side output frequency with a frequency step of 0.1 Hz. The output power of the generator shows an increasing trend until the output frequency decreases, and the machine-side frequency of the frequency conversion device operates stably. At this time, it is the operating speed of the water pump generator with the best power generation efficiency under the water head.
⑤在机侧频率以1Hz频率步长增加时，若输出功率呈现降低趋势，则以1Hz频率步长降低机侧频率，监测并记录分析发电机输出功率。若输出功率呈现增长趋势，则继续降低机侧频率，直到输出功率出现降低趋势。记录输出频率出现拐点时对应的机侧频率，再以0.1Hz频率步长增加机侧输出频率，发电机输出功率呈增长趋势，直至输出频率出现降低趋势时，频率变换装置机侧频率稳定运行，此时即为该水头下水泵发电机最佳发电效率运行转速。⑤When the machine side frequency increases with 1Hz frequency step, if the output power shows a downward trend, then reduce the machine side frequency with 1Hz frequency step, monitor and record and analyze the generator output power. If the output power shows an increasing trend, continue to reduce the machine side frequency until the output power shows a downward trend. Record the machine-side frequency corresponding to the inflection point of the output frequency, and then increase the machine-side output frequency with a frequency step of 0.1 Hz. The output power of the generator shows an increasing trend until the output frequency decreases, and the frequency conversion device operates stably at the machine-side frequency. At this time, it is the operating speed of the water pump generator with the best power generation efficiency under the water head.
⑥水头增加时，发电机最佳发电效率运行转速会相应增加，此时以1Hz频率步长增加频率变换装置机侧频率，水泵发电机运行转速随之升高，按步骤4监测并记录分析发电机输出功率，最终使发电机运行在最佳发电效率下。⑥When the water head increases, the operating speed of the generator with the best power generation efficiency will increase accordingly. At this time, increase the frequency of the frequency conversion device on the side of the frequency conversion device with a frequency step of 1 Hz, and the operating speed of the pump generator will increase accordingly. Follow step 4 to monitor and record and analyze the power generation The output power of the generator will eventually make the generator run at the best power generation efficiency.
⑦水头降低时，发电机最佳发电效率运行转速会相应降低，此时以1Hz频率步长降低频率变换装置机侧频率，水泵发电机运行转速随之降低，按步骤5监测并记录分析发电机输出功率，最终使发电机运行在最佳发电效率下。⑦When the water head is lowered, the running speed of the generator with the best power generation efficiency will decrease accordingly. At this time, reduce the frequency of the frequency conversion device on the machine side with a frequency step of 1 Hz, and the running speed of the water pump and generator will decrease accordingly. Follow step 5 to monitor and record and analyze the generator The output power finally makes the generator run at the best power generation efficiency.
本实施例在水泵发电机过程中，水头监测和频率设定均由监控系统完成，构成闭环自动调节系统。上述调节方法适应初次应用时期，在水泵发电运行一段时期后，由于监控系统具有记忆功能，对应任一水头，监控系统可立即找出对应该水头的发电机最佳运行频率值或运行频率范围，从而在水头变化时，频率变换装置可在监控系统的命令下直接运行在最佳工作频率。在发电输出功率调整过程中，还应设定保护功能，不应该使水泵电机在转速调节过程中发展频率共振现象和过负荷情况。In this embodiment, in the process of water pump generator, water head monitoring and frequency setting are both completed by the monitoring system, forming a closed-loop automatic adjustment system. The above adjustment method is suitable for the initial application period. After a period of water pump power generation operation, since the monitoring system has a memory function, corresponding to any water head, the monitoring system can immediately find out the optimal operating frequency value or operating frequency range of the generator corresponding to the water head. Therefore, when the water head changes, the frequency conversion device can directly operate at the optimal working frequency under the command of the monitoring system. In the process of generating output power adjustment, the protection function should also be set to prevent the water pump motor from developing frequency resonance and overload during the speed adjustment process.
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