CN101951156B - Current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter - Google Patents
Current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101951156B CN101951156B CN 201010287910 CN201010287910A CN101951156B CN 101951156 B CN101951156 B CN 101951156B CN 201010287910 CN201010287910 CN 201010287910 CN 201010287910 A CN201010287910 A CN 201010287910A CN 101951156 B CN101951156 B CN 101951156B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a current regulation isolated type DC-DC converter, comprising a buck switch SA, a flywheel diode DA, a buck inductor L, a switch S with a self-supporting diode D, a clamping circuit Vc, a blocking capacitor Cd, output diodes D3 and D4, an output filter capacitor C, an output load R and a switch transformer T. Based on a buck current type DC-DC converter, the converter also obtains the isolation function of the switch transformer; moreover, the converter maintains the voltage pressure of an element, adjusts the duty ratio of the element to 100%, and has high cost performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electronic technology field, relate to isolated DC-DC converter topological structure.More particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of new high-performance low price.
Background technology
In considerable DC-DC converter is used, due to the requirement of applied environment, often need the input and output of isolated DC-DC converter; Normally completed by switch transformer.In some applications, because input is larger than too with output voltage, in order to increase the efficient of DC-DC converter, the turn ratio with high frequency switch transformer is more optimized DC-DC converter work usually, thereby the efficient of DC-DC converter can to some extent correspondingly be improved.In middle low power isolated DC-DC converter was used, inverse-excitation type and positive activation type were main power topological circuit structures.These power topological circuit structures can make system be comprised of fewer element, but the voltage and current stress that each element bears is sizable.
In inverse-excitation type, due to only when the former limit of DC-DC converter switch transformer switch turn-offs, the switch transformer of DC-DC converter is to the load output energy on its pair limit.For this reason, the element on former pair of limit of switch transformer must bear sizable voltage and current stress.And because the output energy is discontinuous transmission, the regulating characteristics of the inverse-excitation type DC-DC converter that this makes is poor, and is difficult to respond rapidly the variation of input voltage and output loading.
In positive activation type, as shown in Figure 1, due to the requirement that resets in switch transformer magnetic field, usually make the conducting duty ratio of former limit switch of switch transformer less than 50%, saturated to prevent that switch transformer from entering.Due to the requirement that resets of switch transformer magnetic field, this voltage stress that makes the former limit switch of switch transformer bear is the twice of its input voltage again.Due to the restriction of duty ratio, the change range of input voltage of positive activation type is smaller.This is for wide input voltage Vin application scenario, and positive activation type direct current-direct current is difficult to be competent at.
In the source output of multichannel precision current is used, to use as LED lighting, inverse-excitation type and positive activation type power topological circuit structure are difficult to realize the low-cost and high-performance function.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter with high performance-price ratio performance, and this converter has added the buffer action of switch transformer from buck current mode DC-DC converter; This converter keeps the voltage stress of its element, and expands it and regulate duty ratio to 100%.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter, it comprises voltage reducing switch SA, fly-wheel diode DA, buck inductor L, switch S, clamp circuit Vc, capacitance Cd, output diode D3 and D4, output filter capacitor C, output loading R and switch transformer T; The end of buck inductor L is connected with voltage reducing switch SA and fly-wheel diode DA, and the other end is connected with switch S; The other end of switch S is connected with fly-wheel diode DA; The former limit winding of switch transformer and capacitance Cd series winding; The former limit winding of this switch transformer is in parallel with switch S with the branch road of capacitance Cd series winding; Fly-wheel diode DA is contacted and is connected with input power Vin with voltage reducing switch SA; Clamp circuit Vc is in parallel with switch S; Pay limit winding and output diode D3 and D4 and consist of full-wave rectifying circuit for two of switch transformer; Output filter capacitor C is in parallel with output loading R.
In the present invention: switch S is with 50% duty ratio conducting.The former limit winding of switch transformer flows into the alternating current corresponding to buck inductor L electric current, and pair limit of switch transformer is arrived load through output diode D3 and the mutual conducting of D4 with former pair of limit turn ratio fixed proportion outputting inductance electric current of switch transformer.
In the present invention: the duty ratio dynamic adjustments scope of voltage reducing switch SA is 0～100%.
In the present invention: switch S is with 50% duty ratio conducting.
In the present invention: the voltage stress of S, D3 and D4 is independent of input voltage vin, and is determined by output voltage V o and former pair of limit turn ratio of switch transformer.
In the present invention: the voltage stress of voltage reducing switch SA and fly-wheel diode DA is input voltage vin.
In the present invention: SA, DA and S current stress are determined by output current Io and former pair of limit turn ratio of switch transformer.
In the present invention: in High-current output was used, output diode D3 and D4 replaced with synchronous rectifier MOSFET S3 and S4 respectively.
In sum, the present invention proposes a kind of hybrid power topological structure; It is comprised of the switch transformer DC-to-DC transformer of buck current adjustment structure and 50% duty ratio.
Advantage of the present invention is that the voltage stress of power switch S is to be independent of input voltage vin.The voltage stress of power switch S and output rectifier diode D3, D4 is determined by output voltage V o and former pair of limit turn ratio of switch transformer T.The current stress of power switch S is determined by output current Io and former pair of limit turn ratio of switch transformer T.
Another advantage of the present invention be switch transformer T be can work in first and third quadrant there is no D.C. magnetic biasing, only work in first quartile and D.C. magnetic biasing arranged unlike the switch transformer of positive activation type direct current-DC converter.This makes the physical dimension of switch transformer T less one times than the physical dimension of the switch transformer of positive activation type direct current-DC converter.
Another advantage of the present invention is: switch S works in 50% duty ratio.Just because of 50% duty ratio can drive with low-cost self-oscillation type of drive.
Advantage of the present invention is: the dynamic adjustments scope that the duty ratio of voltage reducing switch SA can from 0% to 100%.The dynamic adjustments performance of high performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention is close with the dynamic adjustments performance of common decompression DC-DC converter.
Advantage of the present invention is: due to the switch transformer T buffer action that high performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention has, voltage reducing switch SA can with low cost altogether type of drive drive.
Advantage of the present invention is: switch transformer T can be by several switch transformers former limit windings in series connections (as Fig. 7), and because the primary current series connection of each switch transformer T is equal, the limit output current of paying of each switch transformer T also equates.Like this as long as controlled hypotension inductance L electric current just can accurately be controlled the corresponding output current of each switch transformer T.Source output application is a low-cost and high-performance scheme for the multichannel precision current for this.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the positive activation type direct current-DC converter of prior art;
Fig. 2 is high performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter instantiation circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the equivalent circuit diagram of high performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter instantiation circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is concrete the second example circuit diagram of high performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention; Voltage reducing switch SA drives with common ground type of drive,
Fig. 5 is concrete the 3rd example circuit diagram of high performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention, and it is that output diode D3 and D4 in Fig. 2 are replaced with synchronous rectifier MOSFET S3 and S4.
Fig. 6 is concrete the 4th example circuit diagram of high performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention; It is that output diode D3 and D4 in Fig. 4 are replaced with synchronous rectifier MOSFET S3 and S4.
Fig. 7 is concrete the 5th example circuit diagram of high performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention; It is that the source output of multichannel precision current is used.
Fig. 8 is concrete the 6th example circuit diagram of high performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention; It provides a concrete Lossless Clamp Circuit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, a kind of current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter as shown in Figure 2, comprise that voltage reducing switch SA, fly-wheel diode DA, buck inductor L, switch S are (for MOSFET, usually with its body diode D.This diode D does not bear any effect in circuit), clamp circuit Vc, capacitance Cd, output diode D3 and D4, output filter capacitor C, output loading R and switch transformer T;
The end of buck inductor L is connected with voltage reducing switch SA and fly-wheel diode DA, and the other end is connected with switch S; The other end of switch S is connected with fly-wheel diode DA; The former limit winding of switch transformer T and capacitance Cd series winding; The former limit winding Np of switch transformer T is in parallel with switch S with the branch road of capacitance Cd series winding; Fly-wheel diode DA is contacted and is connected with input power Vin with voltage reducing switch SA; Clamp circuit Vc is in parallel with switch S; Pay limit winding Ns and output diode D3 and D4 and consist of full-wave rectifying circuit for two of switch transformer T; Output filter capacitor C is in parallel with output loading R.
In side circuit was used, switch transformer generally had leakage inductance.Voltage on this leakage inductance is to be determined by switch transformer winding current rate of change and leakage inductance value.For this switch S can be worked reliably, clamp circuit Vc is in parallel with this switch S to limit its maximum operating voltage.In existing clamp circuit technology, multiple implementation is arranged, namely passive, active, diminish and can't harm, this clamp circuit Vc can require to select suitable implementation according to cost performance.Clamp circuit Vc specifically can be as shown in Figure 8: in the dotted line frame, circuit is a Lossless Clamp Circuit Vc.It is by some diodes, and electric capacity and switch transformer T1 form.Dc2, Dc3, Dc4, C1 and C2 consist of a traditional paddy and fill circuit.It is equivalent to a nonlinear capacitance.Be that its input and output voltage is 1/2nd relations.Dc1 and this nonlinear capacitance are in order to complete clamp function.In order to complete clamp function, the maximum voltage of switch S is clamped on twice output reflection voltage 2NVo basically due to this nonlinear capacitance.This clamp energy storage is in capacitor C 1 and C2.Make the voltage on capacitor C 1 and C2 keep substantially constant, the energy demand that is stored in capacitor C 1 and C2 is reclaimed.Dc5, Dc6, Dc7, switch transformer T1 and switch S consist of a harmless energy recovering circuit.Former limit winding one end of switch transformer T1 is connected with the output that paddy is filled circuit, and its other end is connected with switch S through Dc5.Dc6 is connected with limit winding one end of paying of switch transformer T1, and its negative electrode is connected with capacitance Cd.The other end of paying the limit winding of switch transformer T1 is connected with capacitance Cd.Dc7 is connected with reset winding one end of switch transformer T1, and its negative electrode is connected with capacitance Cd.The other end of the reset winding of switch transformer T1 is connected with capacitance Cd.The clamp energy of C1 and C2 is recovered in capacitance Cd and outputs to load through this harmless energy recovering circuit.The input and output voltage of filling circuit due to paddy is 1/2nd relations, and this resetting voltage that can make switch transformer T1 is 1/2nd of the paddy input voltage of filling circuit, thereby switch S can be multiplexing by diode Dc5 and this Lossless Clamp Circuit Vc.The advantage of this clamp circuit is to coordinate its clamping voltage to be always twice output reflection voltage Vp=2NVo with current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention, that is to say that this clamping voltage is that exporting change with current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter changes.
Whole circuit can be divided into two parts.As shown in Figure 3: voltage reducing switch SA, fly-wheel diode DA, buck inductor L and input power Vin consist of a current source part.Switch S, clamp circuit Vc, capacitance Cd, switch transformer T, output diode D3 and D4, output capacitance C and load R consist of an equivalent loading section.Current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter instantiation circuit of the present invention can regard a controllable current source as and an equivalent load consists of.This current source is the buck controllable current source.Its output current is to be independent of its input and output voltage.Because current source is to control with buck, the voltage stress of voltage reducing switch SA and fly-wheel diode DA is its input voltage vin.The current stress of voltage reducing switch SA and fly-wheel diode DA is its output current.Switch S, clamp circuit Vc, capacitance Cd, switch transformer T, output diode D3 and D4, the equivalent load that output capacitance C and load R consist of is due to the effect of switch transformer T, and it can complete isolation features and the corresponding equivalent load value of conversion of its input and output.Physical circuit work is as follows:
In this equivalent load circuit, switch S is turn-offed with 50% left and right duty ratio conducting, and when switch S was turn-offed, this equivalent current source was to capacitance Cd, switch transformer T, and output diode D3, output capacitance C and load R power.Notice that this moment, this current source was to the power supply of switch transformer T forward, capacitance Cd energy storage.
When the switch S conducting, this equivalent current source is by the switch S short circuit.Capacitance Cd by switch S to switch transformer T, output diode D4, output capacitance C and load R power supply.Notice that this moment, this capacitance Cd oppositely powered to switch transformer T, capacitance Cd discharges energy storage.
Because switch S is turn-offed with 50% left and right duty ratio conducting, switch transformer former limit winding flows through the alternating current of 50% duty ratio.The original edge voltage Vp of this switch transformer is the reflected voltage of output voltage V o, i.e. Vp=NVo.(N is former pair of limit winding turns ratio of this switch transformer).
When the switch S conducting, capacitance Cd by switch S to switch transformer T, output diode D4, output capacitance C and load R power supply.The voltage Vcd of this capacitance Cd equals the reflected voltage of output voltage V o, i.e. Vcd=NVo.
When switch S was turn-offed, the voltage Vds of this switch S (disregarding the leakage inductance voltage of switch transformer) was the reflected voltage that the voltage Vcd of this capacitance Cd adds output voltage V o, i.e. Vds=2NVo.
By above-mentioned equivalent resistance circuit working principle as can be known, the voltage stress of switch S is definite by output voltage V o and former pair of limit turn ratio of switch transformer, and irrelevant with input voltage vin.The current stress of switch S is basically definite by output current Io and former pair of limit turn ratio of switch transformer and harmless energy recovering circuit electric current (if this switch S is also born the clamp circuit partial function).
Due to switch S conducting and shutoff, switch transformer be work in first and third quadrant there is no D.C. magnetic biasing, only work in first quartile and D.C. magnetic biasing arranged unlike positive activation type direct current-DC converter switch transformer.This makes the physical dimension of this switch transformer less one times than the physical dimension of the switch transformer of positive activation type direct current-DC converter.
In high performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention, S, Vc, Cd, D3, D4 and switch transformer T consist of the DC-to-DC current transformer.The main energy-storage travelling wave tube of high performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention is inductance L and output filter capacitor C, i.e. the energy-storage travelling wave tube of common decompression DC-DC converter.The dynamic adjustments performance of high performance-price ratio isolative current regulation type direct current-direct current converter of the present invention is close with the dynamic adjustments performance of common decompression DC-DC converter.Because the duty ratio of SA can from 0% to 100%, high sexual valence electric current adjustment type of the present invention is than the dynamic adjustments scope of the isolated DC-DC converter dynamic adjustments scope much larger than traditional positive activation type direct current-DC converter.
High performance-price ratio current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention has the corresponding electric current and voltage stress of common decompression DC-DC converter and corresponding dynamic adjustments performance, and it also has the isolation features of switch transformer simultaneously.In actual applications, the degree of freedom due to the former pair of limit turn ratio of switch transformer, it can make high performance-price ratio isolative current regulation type direct current-direct current converter of the present invention work under the condition of work of more optimizing than common decompression DC-DC converter, and obtains higher operating efficiency.Owing to driving S with the self-oscillation mode, this can make S, Vc, and Cd, D3, D4 and switch transformer T consist of the DC-to-DC current transformer and are able to low-cost the realization.
Embodiment 2, a kind of current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter, as shown in Figure 4, itself and the described embodiment 1 of above-mentioned Fig. 2 only exist following difference: due to the switch transformer buffer action that the isolated current mode DC-DC converter of high performance-price ratio of the present invention has, voltage reducing switch SA can with low cost altogether type of drive drive.
Embodiment 3, a kind of current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter, as shown in Figure 5, itself and the described embodiment 1 of above-mentioned Fig. 2 only exist following difference: in High-current output was used, output diode D3 and D4 can replace with synchronous rectifier MOSFET S3 and S4.Due to the 50% duty ratio conducting of D3 and D4, this is very easily to drive S3 and S4 in the self-driven mode of low cost.
Embodiment 5, a kind of current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter, as shown in Figure 7, it only exists following difference with the described embodiment 2 of above-mentioned Fig. 4: this switch transformer can be connected (as Fig. 7) by the former limit windings in series of two switch transformers, because the primary current series connection of each switch transformer is equal, the limit output current of paying of each switch transformer also equates.Like this as long as controlled hypotension inductance L electric current just can accurately be controlled the corresponding output current of each switch transformer.Source output application is a low-cost and high-performance scheme for the multichannel precision current for this.
Embodiment 6, a kind of current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter, as shown in Figure 8, it is increased the physical circuit of clamp circuit Vc by the described embodiment 1 of above-mentioned Fig. 2.The advantage of this clamp circuit is to coordinate its clamp circuit to be always twice output reflection voltage 2NVo with current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter of the present invention, that is to say that this clamping voltage is that exporting change with current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter changes.
At last, it is also to be noted that, what more than enumerate is only several specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, many distortion can also be arranged.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention all should be thought protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter, is characterized in that: comprise voltage reducing switch SA, fly-wheel diode DA, buck inductor L, the switch S that carries diode D, clamp circuit Vc, capacitance Cd, output diode D3 and D4, output filter capacitor C, output loading R and switch transformer T;
The end of buck inductor L is connected with an end of voltage reducing switch SA and fly-wheel diode DA, and the other end is connected with an end of switch S; The other end of switch S is connected with the other end of fly-wheel diode DA; The former limit winding of switch transformer T is connected with capacitance Cd; The branch road that the former limit winding Np of switch transformer T connects with capacitance Cd is in parallel with switch S; Fly-wheel diode DA is connected and is connected with input power Vin with voltage reducing switch SA; Clamp circuit Vc is in parallel with switch S; Two secondary winding Ns of switch transformer T and output diode D3 and D4 consist of full-wave rectifying circuit; Output filter capacitor C is in parallel with output loading R.
2. current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: switch S is with 50% duty ratio conducting and cut-off, the former limit winding Np of switch transformer T flows into the alternating current corresponding to buck inductor L electric current, the secondary of switch transformer T is through output diode D3 and the mutual conducting of D4, with the fixed proportion outputting inductance electric current of the former secondary turn ratio of switch transformer T to load.
3. current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the duty ratio dynamic adjustments scope of voltage reducing switch SA is 0～100%.
4. current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: switch S is that self-excitation drives or its swashs and drives.
5. current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the voltage stress of voltage reducing switch SA and fly-wheel diode DA is the voltage of input power Vin.
6. current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the current stress of voltage reducing switch SA, fly-wheel diode DA, switch S is all to be determined by output current Io and the former secondary turn ratio of switch transformer T.
7. current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in High-current output was used, output diode D3 and D4 replaced with synchronous rectifier MOSFET S3 and S4 respectively.
8. current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the former limit winding Np of switch transformer T is in series by the former limit winding Np of several switch transformers T.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201010287910 CN101951156B (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2010-09-20 | Current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201010287910 CN101951156B (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2010-09-20 | Current-regulation isolated type DC-DC converter |
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| CN101951156A CN101951156A (en) | 2011-01-19 |
| CN101951156B true CN101951156B (en) | 2013-06-05 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP5387628B2 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-01-15 | Ｔｄｋ株式会社 | Current type isolated converter |
| CN106533178B (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2020-06-30 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Isolated switching power supply and isolated switching power supply control method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5949223A (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1999-09-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Power source apparatus having first and second switching power source units |
| CN101197540A (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2008-06-11 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Dc converter |
| JP2010088152A (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | Switching power supply |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08116666A (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1996-05-07 | Canon Inc | Switching dc power supply |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5949223A (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1999-09-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Power source apparatus having first and second switching power source units |
| CN101197540A (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2008-06-11 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Dc converter |
| JP2010088152A (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | Switching power supply |
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