CN101931737B - Black level compensation circuit - Google Patents
Black level compensation circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN101931737B CN101931737B CN 200910149440 CN200910149440A CN101931737B CN 101931737 B CN101931737 B CN 101931737B CN 200910149440 CN200910149440 CN 200910149440 CN 200910149440 A CN200910149440 A CN 200910149440A CN 101931737 B CN101931737 B CN 101931737B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a black level compensation circuit which comprises a switch capacitance type integrator and is used for compensating a read-out amplifier of an image sensor. Therefore, the output of the read-out amplifier is clamped in a reference voltage and defined as a black level of the image sensor. According to one of the characteristics of the invention, a bad pixel detector is used for detecting a bad pixel, and the black level compensation circuit is disconnected after the bad pixel is detected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to black level compensation (black level compensation, BLC), particularly a kind of simulating black level compensation circuit of image sensor of image sensor.
Background technology
Semiconductor image transducer (for example charge coupled cell (CCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transducer) generally is used in camera or the video camera, be electronic signal in order to the video conversion with visible light, be convenient to follow-up storage, transmit or illustrate.
Because the non-perfect character of electronic circuit, so that image sensor still can have leakage current not receiving under the situation of any light.In order to overcome this problem, usually can read black (optical black) pixel of optics (or light hides (light-shielded) pixel) of multiple row, after on average as the reference data of black.Yet, because the setting of the different gains of programmable gain amplifier (programmable gain amplifier, PGA), will be so that reference data produces change.
Fig. 1 shows traditional black level and compensates (BLC) system, and its digital loop is comprised of analog to digital converter (ADC) 1, digital circuit 2 and digital to analog converter (DAC) 3.Wherein, analog to digital converter (ADC) 1 receives the optics black signal from programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 4, to export corresponding digital signal.The optics black signal then compares and on average through digital circuit 2.After average signal converts back corresponding analog signal again, in order to compensate programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 4.Yet analog to digital converter (ADC) 1 and digital circuit 2 can postpone by generation time, and digital to analog converter (DAC) 3 generation quantization errors, and therefore, speed and the accuracy of traditional black level compensation (BLC) system all can't improve.
In view of traditional black level compensates (BLC) system, black level compensation (BLC) system that particularly has digital loop, can't reach fast the black level compensation of carrying out exactly image sensor, therefore need badly and propose a kind of novel mechanism, in order to fast and accurately to carry out the black level compensation.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned, one of purpose of the present invention is to propose a kind of simulating black level compensation (BLC) circuit, in order to fast and accurately to carry out the black level compensation.Another object of the present invention is to substantially saving chip area and power consumption.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of black compensation circuit is provided, comprise: the switched capacitor integrator, in order to compensate the sense amplifier of image sensor, so that the output of described sense amplifier is clamped at reference voltage, it is defined as the black level of described image sensor, and wherein, described switched capacitor integrator comprises: differential amplifier; Feedback condenser is connected between the positive input and negative output of described differential amplifier; Input capacitor is connected to through control between the positive input of the input of described black compensation circuit and described differential amplifier; And a plurality of first-phase bit switches and second-phase bit switch, it is configured and so that be sent to the feedback condenser of described black compensation circuit from the stored charge difference of the output of described reference voltage and described sense amplifier; Wherein, the positive output of the described differential amplifier voltage that affords redress is in order to compensate described sense amplifier; And wherein, described black compensation circuit also comprises bad pixel detectors, in order to detect described bad pixel, described bad pixel detectors comprises: comparator, output and bad pixel reference voltage in order to more described sense amplifier, when the output of described sense amplifier during greater than described bad pixel reference voltage, the described bad pixel of bypass then.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of black compensation circuit, comprised: amplifier, its input is connected to the output of sense amplifier; Feedback condenser is connected between the positive input and negative output of described amplifier; Input capacitor is connected to through control between the input of the input of described black compensation circuit and described amplifier; A plurality of first-phase bit switches and second-phase bit switch, it is configured and so that be integrated from the stored charge difference of the output of reference voltage and described sense amplifier, wherein, the positive output of the described amplifier voltage that affords redress, in order to compensate described sense amplifier, therefore the output of described sense amplifier is clamped at described reference voltage, and it is defined as the black level of image sensor; And bad pixel detectors, in order to detect described bad pixel, described bad pixel detectors comprises: comparator, in order to output and the bad pixel reference voltage of more described sense amplifier, when the output of described sense amplifier during greater than described bad pixel reference voltage, the described bad pixel of bypass then.
According to the embodiment of the invention, black level compensation (BLC) circuit comprises switched capacitor (SC) integrator, and it comprises amplifier (for example differential amplifier), feedback condenser, input capacitor and some first/second-phase bit switches.Wherein, the input of amplifier is connected to the output of sense amplifier.Feedback condenser is connected between the input and output of amplifier, and input capacitor is connected to through control between the input of the input of black compensation circuit and amplifier.First/second-phase bit switch is configured and so that be integrated from the stored charge difference of the output of reference voltage and sense amplifier.The positive output of the amplifier voltage that affords redress is in order to compensate sense amplifier.Therefore, the output of sense amplifier is clamped to reference voltage, and it is defined as the black level of image sensor.According to the features of this invention, also make and damage pixel detectors to detect the bad pixel in the middle of the black pixel of optics.The bad pixel that is detected then comes with the integrator obstruct of black level compensation circuit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows traditional black level and compensates (BLC) system.
Fig. 2 shows black level compensation (BLC) circuit of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows the phase signal P1 of non-overlapping and the sequential chart of P2 and Fig. 2 signal.
Fig. 4 shows black level compensation (BLC) circuit of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows the variant embodiment of the second embodiment (Fig. 4).
Fig. 6 shows another variant embodiment of the second embodiment (Fig. 4).
Fig. 7 shows the bad pixel detectors of one of feature of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 shows black level compensation (BLC) circuit 10 of first embodiment of the invention.Black compensation circuit 10 is in order to compensate sense amplifier 12, programmable gain amplifier (PGA) for example, but the signal of its magnified image transducer (not shown).14 outputs that receive programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12 of (opening the loop) analog to digital converter (ADC).In the present embodiment, the output OUTP of programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12 is connected to the input of black compensation circuit 10, and (just) of black compensation circuit 10 output DACN is connected to programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12 and charges to its feedback condenser CF1 or input capacitor CS1 through control, thereby forms the black level compensation circuit.This loop is a kind of analog loopback, and the digital loop of non-traditional black level bucking-out system (Fig. 1).
In the present embodiment, black compensation circuit 10 is switched capacitor (switched-capacitor, SC) integrator, and it comprises differential amplifier A2, feedback condenser CF2, input capacitor CS2 and some (phase place 1/ phase place 2) switch P 1/P2.Feedback condenser CF2 is connected between the positive input and negative output of differential amplifier A2.Input capacitor CS2 is connected to via switch P 1/P2 between the positive input of the input of black compensation circuit 10 and differential amplifier A2.The positive output of differential amplifier A2 affords redress voltage DACN to programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12.
Fig. 3 shows the phase signal P1 of non-overlapping and the sequential chart of P2 and Fig. 2 signal.At the first phase place P1, from the charge storage of negative reference voltage REFN at input capacitor CS2.Negative reference voltage REFN is that the zero-bit of analog to digital converter (ADC) 14 is accurate, also is accurate definition place, the black position of optics.At the second phase place P2, from the charge storage of the output voltage OUTP of programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12 at input capacitor CS2.Therefore, the charge difference of voltage REFN and voltage OUTP namely is sent to feedback condenser CF2, and in other words, the difference of voltage REFN and voltage OUTP will be subject to the integration of switched capacitor (SC) integrator 10.Therefore, the output voltage OUTP of programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12 at negative reference voltage REFN, thereby is finished black level compensation by strangulation (clamp).In other embodiments, programmable gain amplifier (PGA) but 12 output voltage OUTP also strangulation at the black level of nonzero digit standard.For example, accurate if the black position of optics standard is defined in the position of analog to digital converter (ADC) 14, then programmable gain amplifier (PGA) but 12 output voltage OUTP strangulation at 90% REFN.
In fact, the capacitance that the capacitance of feedback condenser CF2 makes itself and input capacitor CS2 through design about equally, thereby when reading black (or the light screening) pixel of optics (the switch ACT of this moment is closed), the black level compensation circuit is reached rapidly stable (usually only wanting several cycle times).Next, by another capacitor of coupled in parallel (CF2increase) (as shown in Figure 3), so that the capacitance of feedback condenser increases in large quantities.The back coupling capacitance that increases is so that black compensation circuit 10 more can be resisted the impact of heat (or bad) pixel.Therefore, can obtain fast and accurately black compensation circuit 10.After finishing the black level compensation, switch ACT namely disconnects.Switch ACT also can be disconnected the effect that causes in order to eliminate hot pixels when detecting one or more heat (or bad) pixel.
Compare with traditional black level bucking-out system of Fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention (Fig. 4) uses the simulation feedback loop to realize the compensation of black level, therefore, no longer needs digital circuit 2 and digital to analog converter (DAC) 3, thereby can avoid time delay and quantization error.Moreover, can also save suitable chip area and relevant power consumption.
Fig. 4 shows black level compensation (BLC) circuit 10A/10B of second embodiment of the invention.The present embodiment uses programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12A/12B of multistage (for example secondary).Every one-level programmable gain amplifier corresponds to a black compensation circuit.For example, in an embodiment, black compensation circuit 10A is in order to the output of strangulation programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12A, and black compensation circuit 10B is then in order to the output of strangulation programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12B.In another embodiment, afterbody programmable gain amplifier (PGA) is only arranged by strangulation, other levels then do not give strangulation.
In the present embodiment (Fig. 4), the output voltage OUTP3 of second level programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12B is clamped at negative reference voltage REFN, and the output voltage OUTP of first order programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12A then is clamped at wherein A3=CS3/CF3 of voltage REFN/A3().In general, dwindle by ratio according to the gain of next stage programmable gain amplifier (PGA) for the target strangulation voltage of every one-level.For example, as shown in Figure 4, the gain A 3 of the programmable gain amplifier of the second level (PGA) equals CS3/CF3, so the target strangulation voltage of the first order is REFN/A3.
In the multistage embodiment of Fig. 4, the arrangement of the phaseswitch P1/P2 of adjacent level is put upside down each other.Because each amplifier (A2 or A4) half period of only working, therefore, adjacent level namely can be shared an amplifier, the variant embodiment of the second embodiment (Fig. 4) as shown in Figure 5, and it can save more chip area than Fig. 4.According to graphic, amplifier A2 is connected to first order black compensation circuit 10A when the first phase place P1, and same amplifier A2 then is connected to second level black compensation circuit 10B when the second phase place P2.Similar situation, for programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12A/12B, amplifier A1 is connected to second level programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12B when the first phase place P1, same amplifier A1 then is connected to first order programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12A when the second phase place P2.
Fig. 6 shows another variant embodiment of the second embodiment (Fig. 4).In this embodiment, use the programmable gain amplifier (PGA) of secondary, yet only use the black compensation circuit 10B of one-level, therefore can save more chip area than Fig. 4.Single-stage black compensation circuit 10B belongs to anti-phase (inverting) configuration, its negative output DACN connects to compensate first order programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12A, and the output OUTP3 of second level programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12B then is connected to the input of single-stage black compensation circuit 10B.
During the black pixel of optics is carried out signal integration, because the imperfection of technique may be subject to the impact of some bad pixels.Therefore, can make and damage pixel detectors with the switch ACT in the control black compensation circuit, thereby disconnect the black level compensation circuit, thereby bad Pixel Information is given bypass.Fig. 7 shows the bad pixel detectors of one of feature of the present invention.Reverser CMP1 and capacitor C1 be device as a comparison, in order to compare output voltage OUTP and the bad pixel reference voltage BAD_REFP of (as shown in Figure 2) programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 12.As output voltage OUTP during greater than bad pixel reference voltage BAD_REFP, the output Pixel_OK of comparator becomes " 0 " and detector output ACT also becomes " 0 ", and it namely is used to bad Pixel Information of bypass.The circuit of above-mentioned detector can be done the modification of equivalence or replace with other equivalent electric circuits.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not to limit the present invention; All other do not break away from the equivalence of finishing under the spirit that invention discloses and changes or revise, and all should be included in the claims.
Claims (21)
1. black compensation circuit comprises:
The switched capacitor integrator, in order to compensate the sense amplifier of image sensor, so that the output of described sense amplifier is clamped at reference voltage, it is defined as the black level of described image sensor,
Wherein, described switched capacitor integrator comprises:
Differential amplifier;
Feedback condenser is connected between the positive input and negative output of described differential amplifier;
Input capacitor is connected to through control between the positive input of the input of described black compensation circuit and described differential amplifier; And
A plurality of first-phase bit switches and second-phase bit switch, it is configured and so that be sent to the feedback condenser of described black compensation circuit from the stored charge difference of the output of described reference voltage and described sense amplifier;
Wherein, the positive output of the described differential amplifier voltage that affords redress, in order to compensating described sense amplifier, and
Wherein, described black compensation circuit also comprises bad pixel detectors, in order to detect described bad pixel, described bad pixel detectors comprises: comparator, output and bad pixel reference voltage in order to more described sense amplifier, when the output of described sense amplifier during greater than described bad pixel reference voltage, the described bad pixel of bypass then.
2. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described sense amplifier is programmable gain amplifier.
3. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described black level is defined as the negative reference voltage of analog to digital converter, and described analog to digital converter is connected to the output of described sense amplifier.
4. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the output of described sense amplifier is connected to the input of described black compensation circuit, and the output of described black compensation circuit is connected to described sense amplifier through control, and to its feedback condenser or input capacitor charging.
5. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 1, when the first phase place, from the charge storage of the described reference voltage input capacitor at described black compensation circuit, when the second phase place, from the charge storage of the output of the described sense amplifier input capacitor at described black compensation circuit.
6. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the capacitance of described feedback condenser is same as the capacitance of described input capacitor, and at the capacitance of the described feedback condenser of follow-up increase.
7. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the increase of the capacitance of described feedback condenser is reached by another capacitor of coupled in parallel.
8. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described sense amplifier comprises a plurality of levels, and described black compensation circuit comprises a plurality of levels, and every one-level of wherein said black compensation circuit corresponds to every one-level of described sense amplifier.
9. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 8, wherein, every one-level of described black compensation circuit is in order to the respective stages of the described sense amplifier of strangulation.
10. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 9, wherein, dwindle by ratio according to the gain of next stage sense amplifier for the target strangulation voltage of the every one-level of described black compensation circuit.
11. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 8, wherein, amplifier is shared on the adjacent level of described black compensation circuit, so that described shared amplifier is connected to wherein one-level when the first phase place, and is connected to another level when the second phase place.
12. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described sense amplifier comprises secondary, and described black compensation circuit comprises the single-stage of reverse configuration, wherein the negative output of single-stage black compensation circuit is through connecting with compensation first order sense amplifier, and the output of second level sense amplifier then is connected to the input of described single-stage black compensation circuit.
13. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 1 also comprises switch, when it disconnects, can when detecting bad pixel, bad Pixel Information be given bypass.
14. a black compensation circuit comprises:
Amplifier, its input is connected to the output of sense amplifier;
Feedback condenser is connected between the positive input and negative output of described amplifier;
Input capacitor is connected to through control between the input of the input of described black compensation circuit and described amplifier;
A plurality of first-phase bit switches and second-phase bit switch, it is configured and so that be integrated from the stored charge difference of the output of reference voltage and described sense amplifier, wherein, the positive output of the described amplifier voltage that affords redress, in order to compensate described sense amplifier, therefore the output of described sense amplifier is clamped at described reference voltage, and it is defined as the black level of image sensor; And
Bad pixel detectors, in order to detect described bad pixel, described bad pixel detectors comprises: comparator, in order to output and the bad pixel reference voltage of more described sense amplifier, when the output of described sense amplifier during greater than described bad pixel reference voltage, the described bad pixel of bypass then.
15. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 14, wherein, described amplifier is differential amplifier.
16. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 15, wherein, described feedback condenser is connected between the positive input and negative output of described differential amplifier.
17. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 16, wherein, described bucking voltage is provided by the positive output of described differential amplifier.
18. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 17, wherein, described bucking voltage is connected to described sense amplifier through control, and to its feedback condenser charging.
19. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 14, wherein, described sense amplifier is programmable gain amplifier.
20. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 14, wherein, described black level is defined as the negative reference voltage of analog to digital converter, and described analog to digital converter is connected to the output of described sense amplifier.
21. black compensation circuit as claimed in claim 14 also comprises switch, when it disconnects, can when detecting bad pixel, bad Pixel Information be given bypass.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200910149440 CN101931737B (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-06-22 | Black level compensation circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200910149440 CN101931737B (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-06-22 | Black level compensation circuit |
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| CN101931737A CN101931737A (en) | 2010-12-29 |
| CN101931737B true CN101931737B (en) | 2013-05-01 |
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| CN 200910149440 Expired - Fee Related CN101931737B (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-06-22 | Black level compensation circuit |
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| CN104394337A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-04 | 昆山锐芯微电子有限公司 | Compensation circuit and control method thereof as well as image sensor circuit |
| KR102427553B1 (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2022-08-02 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Current integrator and organic light emitting diode display including the same |
Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4764816A (en) * | 1985-08-23 | 1988-08-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for optimizing a magnetic tape device for storing digitally coded color television signals |
| EP0609859A1 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1994-08-10 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. | Black compensation circuit for a video display system |
| US6018364A (en) * | 1996-02-06 | 2000-01-25 | Analog Devices Inc | Correlated double sampling method and apparatus |
| US6587144B1 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2003-07-01 | Hynix Semiconductor Inc. | Analog signal processing apparatus for digital camera |
| US6940548B2 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2005-09-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Analog optical black clamping circuit for a charge coupled device having wide programmable gain range |
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2009
- 2009-06-22 CN CN 200910149440 patent/CN101931737B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4764816A (en) * | 1985-08-23 | 1988-08-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for optimizing a magnetic tape device for storing digitally coded color television signals |
| EP0609859A1 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1994-08-10 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. | Black compensation circuit for a video display system |
| CN1097914A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1995-01-25 | 汤姆森消费电子有限公司 | The black compensation circuit of video display system |
| US6018364A (en) * | 1996-02-06 | 2000-01-25 | Analog Devices Inc | Correlated double sampling method and apparatus |
| US6587144B1 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2003-07-01 | Hynix Semiconductor Inc. | Analog signal processing apparatus for digital camera |
| US6940548B2 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2005-09-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Analog optical black clamping circuit for a charge coupled device having wide programmable gain range |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| JP特开平6-253173A 1994.09.09 |
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