CN101930207B - Micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image and making method thereof - Google Patents
Micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image and making method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image, which is formed by pixel array structures arranged on a plane, and the image contains sub-visual angle image information of multiple visual angles. The micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image is characterized in that: each pixel consists of a plurality of sub-pixels; each sub-pixel corresponds to an image of one visual angle at the pixel; each sub-pixel is a grating image unit; and the stripe orientation of each grating image corresponds to each visual angle, and the periods of stripes represent color information. The making method comprises the following steps of: designing three-dimensional diffraction optical image data; designing a template image with a sub-pixel stereoscopic structure; generating a voxel image according to the image data and a template; and micro-shrinking a photoetching sub-pixel stereoscopic image unit to obtain a three-dimensional diffraction optical image formed by the sub-pixel stereoscopic unit. By the making method, three-dimensional images can be outputted in a digitized mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical imagery and design thereof and implementation method, be specifically related to a kind of three-dimensional digital image and making thereof, can be used for 3-D display, stereosopic printing and virtual reality field with various visual angles information.
Background technology
People always obtain through vision, the sense of hearing, sense of touch, sense of smell and the sense of taste etc. the perception of objective environment, and simulation reconstruction goes out these sensations when participating in the cintest realistically, is one of important subject of modern science and technology.Through stereophonic sound system, people acoustically can experience on-the-spot sensation, and sterophonic technique has developed into higher technical merit at present.And stereoscopic vision is technological, also needs technological breakthrough, could realize the application of practicability.Stereovision technique comprises stereo-picture and three-dimensional video-frequency, and involved in the present invention is the stereo-picture technology.
Press view mode classification, stereo-picture can be divided into by two types of viewing tool type and visual inspections.By the stereo-picture that polarization type is arranged of viewing tool, red green color filter stereo-picture etc., owing to be limited by viewing tool, practical application is extremely inconvenient.Be fit to macroscopic stereo-picture post lenticulation image, microlens array image and hologram image are arranged.Post lenticulation image and microlens array image; Be employed in and cover one deck optical lens film on the pattern that is printed with various visual angles information; The light of realizing each visual angle information spatially separates, and forms the three dimensional viewing effect, but is limited by the size (hundreds of micron dimension) of optical texture; So image is coarse, manufacturing cost is also higher.
Laser holography also can be realized 3 dimensional drawing, and traditional hologram image technology has obtained development rapidly after the sixties in 20th century, laser instrument came out, and its basic mechanism is to utilize optical interference method to write down the amplitude and the phase place of thing light wave simultaneously.Because the light wave of holographic reconstructed image has kept the whole amplitudes of original thing light wave and the information of phase place, reproducing picture has identical three-dimensional character with the original, is a kind of real 3-D view.The micromechanism of hologram image is small submicrometer structure; Characteristic with diffraction light; So hologram image is a kind of no ink image, can demonstrate the information of color solid, mould pressing technology can be realized the batch duplicating of this image; Thereby realized low manufacturing cost, the hologram image on plane has successfully been realized the commercial application of mass.Yet because conventional stereo hologram image motherboard manufacturing process steps is many and complicated, the production environment condition is harsh; Limited the application of this stereo-picture, the case of commercial applications is very few, with this three-dimensional holographic technique digitizing; Avoid some uppity factors; Making this image under industrialized condition, to make, is the inevitable requirement of this image development, also will produce huge commercial value.
The perception of people's stereo is owing to eyes visual angle difference realizes that the object distance eyes are near, and the visual angle is big; The object distance eyes are far away, and the visual angle is little, if the information on the plane can form different observation visual angles when being observed; Human brain can go out three-dimensional scene according to these visual angle perception with difference, and is as shown in Figure 1, and the 11st, plane pattern; 12, the 13rd, people's eyes, the 14th, the stereoscopic views that is gone out by perception.Hologram image has this specific character, so be fit to visual inspection.
The OVD of mass market application at present is by the plane holographic development, is made up of the single diffraction structure pixel that has about 1000 lines per millimeters usually, and is as shown in Figure 2.This type light variation image can form dynamic light and become observing effect, through pixel translation technology, also can realize the simple plane layered image, and is as shown in Figure 3, but requires also to differ greatly from the observation of stereo-picture.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of 3-D view that need not observe by viewing tool and preparation method thereof, realizes the digitizing of three-dimensional image making, makes it can be suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image is made up of the picture element array structure that is arranged on the plane; The branch visual angle image information that contains a plurality of visual angles; Each pixel is made up of a plurality of sub-pixs, and each sub-pix is corresponding to the image of a visual angle at this pixel place, and each sub-pix is a raster-like elementary area; The striped orientation of raster-like image is corresponding to the visual angle; The cycle representative color information of striped, the area of each pixel is not more than 254 microns, and the area of each sub-pix is not more than 100 microns.
The thought of technique scheme is: the first, design a kind of dot structure with diffractive features, and have the characteristic of various visual angles through the diffracted ray of this pixel; The second, according to each concrete dot structure of multi-view image design data; The 3rd, export this pixel one by one with lithographic equipment, form a complete three dimensional diffraction optical imagery at last.Wherein, adopting the stereoscopic pixel that is made up of sub-pix is elementary area, forms 3-D view.Through setting the striped orientation of grating in each sub-pix, obtain different observation visual angles, realizing thus can macroscopic 3-D view.
Further technical scheme; For obtaining the image of RGB; Can each sub-pix be divided into a plurality of sub-sub-pixs; Each sub-sub-pix obtains various colors through the cycle that changes grating, utilizes the color combination of this a little sub-pix to obtain the required color of this pixel, and the brightness of every kind of color can realize through the area of raster that changes this color.Wherein, optimized technical scheme, each said sub-pix contains red, green, blue three dice sub-pixs.It is colored to adopt the three primary colors combination to obtain, and can utilize existing color separation software that the image at each visual angle is carried out color separation, is convenient to realize.
In the technique scheme; Said sub-pix or sub-sub-pix are made up of two parts; A part is a grating region, and another part is the clear area, and this sub-pix of proportional representation or sub-sub-pix that the grating region area accounts for the area of whole sub-pix or sub-sub-pix belong to the gray scale of visual angle at this pixel place.To monochrome image, can this realize that gray scale shows, to coloured image, to regulate through the area of raster of each sub-sub-pix, the different colours that can obtain each pixel place shows.
In the technique scheme, the shape of each said sub-pix can be selected as required, optimized technical scheme, each said sub-pix be shaped as rectangle, triangle or hexagon.
A kind of method for making of micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image; At first obtain the branch visual angle image at each visual angle that need be made into three-dimensional optical image; Each image is made up of pel array by identical resolution, according to the angle parameter of minute quantity n of visual angle image, original visual angle parameter and reproduction 3-D view light, the stereoscopic dot structure that design has the sub-pix structure; In the plain structure of an individual video, the corresponding branch visual angle image of each sub-pix; Each location of pixels of correspondence image; With each minute the visual angle image at the synthetic big stereoscopic dot structure of the pixel of this position; Each sub-pix is a raster-like elementary area, and the striped of raster-like image is orientated corresponding to the visual angle, the cycle representative color information of striped; Stereoscopic dot structure according to above-mentioned acquisition; The stereoscopic pixel count character matrix plate image that design has the sub-pix structure; This image is a black and white two-value grating fringe shape image; This grating fringe shape picture structure micro to submicron-scale, is produced on the photoetching material, promptly obtains required micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image.
Further technical scheme, each said sub-pix contains red, green, blue three dice sub-pixs.
In the technique scheme; Said sub-pix or sub-sub-pix are made up of two parts; A part is a grating region, and another part is the clear area, and this sub-pix of proportional representation that the grating region area accounts for the area of whole sub-pix or sub-sub-pix belongs to the gray scale of visual angle at this pixel place.
In the technique scheme, each said sub-pix be shaped as rectangle, triangle or hexagon.
Because the technique scheme utilization, the present invention compared with prior art has advantage:
The present invention carries out pixelation to three-dimensional image information, and this pixel is different with planar pixel, is a kind of stereoscopic pixel with various visual angles information; Stereo-picture is made up of these pixel splicings, and this image making technology can be broken away from the constraint of traditional holographic technology, sets up lithographic equipment; Digitizing ground output stereo-picture; Use this scheme, the output image size realizes that by the decision of lithographic equipment breadth the image of large format has feasibility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a said three-dimensional body view principle synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is an OVD structural representation in the prior art;
Fig. 3 is that OVD is realized simple layered image synoptic diagram in the prior art;
Fig. 4 is that stereoscopic pixel is reproduced the light field synoptic diagram among the embodiment one;
Fig. 5 is that the redgreenblue 3 d image data generates synoptic diagram among the embodiment one;
The embodiment of the invention one sub-pix template synoptic diagram among Fig. 6;
Fig. 7 (a) is that an individual video sketch map of the embodiment of the invention one is as synoptic diagram;
Fig. 7 (b) is the sub-sub-pix structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 8 is a three dimensional diffraction optical imagery output unit frame diagram in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is the embodiment of the invention one a monochromatic sub-pix template synoptic diagram;
Figure 10 is the embodiment of the invention two formwork structure synoptic diagram;
Figure 11 is the embodiment of the invention three formwork structure synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described:
Embodiment one: a kind of method for making of micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image comprises:
(1) obtains to have a series of flat digital images of stereoscopic result with digitizing solution;
(2) through digital image processing techniques, the plane picture compositing 3 d images data that this series information is related;
(3) according to the quantity and the color of composograph, design stereoscopic dot structure and template image;
(4), generate each concrete volumetric pixel image according to 3 d image data and template;
(5) with volumetric pixel image final minification photoetching output, finally obtain the three dimensional diffraction optical imagery.
Concrete performing step is following:
1, obtaining the branch visual angle digital picture of three-dimensional body, can adopt camera to take, is the center with the object, every at a distance from certain angle shot, also can adopt the 3-D view of computer virtual to handle, and obtains the branch visual angle image of virtual object.Picture number is from 1 to n, and picture format is not limit.
2, according to minute quantity n of visual angle image and original visual angle parameter; And the angle parameter that reproduces 3-D view light; The stereoscopic dot structure that design has the sub-pix structure; This stereoscopic dot structure can be under the irradiation of playback light, can diffraction goes out the light and the color (light wavelength) at each visual angle at viewing plane, and each visual angle light is gone out by a sub-pix diffraction in the stereoscopic pixel respectively.
The reproduction light field synoptic diagram of stereoscopic pixel is as shown in Figure 4, and the 41st, the playback light when observing, the 42nd, diffraction light with multi-angle characteristic; According to the diffraction optics principle; The sub-pix structure adopts low-light grid structure usually, the orientation decision diffraction direction of light of grating, i.e. visual angle; The cycle decision color of grating, the ratio in the stereoscopic pixel in the sub-pix can be represented gray shade scale.The direction of grating and cycle can be passed through the grating equation calculation Design.
3, with these n width of cloth image compositing 3 d images data.Its method is: I the pixel of getting n width of cloth image respectively; This n pixel as sub-pix, is comprehensively become a big pixel P (i); Repeat said process, finish, promptly obtain synthetic 3 d image data until all processes pixel.
Fig. 5 is R (red), G (green), B (indigo plant) three look 3 d image datas generation synoptic diagram; The stereoscopic pixel of the diffraction optics image that is designed to has the sub-pix structure; The quantity of sub-pix equals the quantity of composograph; Stereoscopic pixel is made up of red, green, blue three dice sub-pixs, certain pixel of sub-pix 51,52, respectively corresponding each visual angle image of 5n, the synthetic view data of 53 expressions.For monochrome image, can omit R, G, B information, sub-pix does not comprise sub-sub-pix.
4, according to specific stereoscopic dot structure; The stereoscopic pixel count character matrix plate image that design has the sub-pix structure; This image is a black and white two-value grating fringe shape image; This grating fringe shape picture structure micro to submicron-scale, is produced on the photoetching material, is stereoscopic pixel with various visual angles diffraction function.
Adopt spatial light modulator that stereoscopic pixel count character matrix plate image is imported demonstration one by one, photoetching on recording materials according to the order of sequence, and control the corresponding displacement of two-dimentional mobile platform, accomplish up to the stereoscopic pixel photoetching of entire image.After postorder operations such as image developing processing finally realize the output of three dimensional diffraction optical imagery.
As shown in Figure 6, be the stereoscopic template synoptic diagram of present embodiment sub-pix.This template comprises n sub-pix structure, 61,62 ..., 6n is corresponding to n visual angle, each sub-pix structure comprises R, G, three sub-sub-pix Ri of B, Gi, Bi, according to matrix structure.Each sub-pix is the image of black and white two-value periodic light palisade structure, and the striped spatial orientation of different visual angles sub-pix is different, and the fringe spatial frequency of the sub-sub-pix of different colours is different.The sub-pix template to recording materials, obtains having the stereoscopic pixel of visual angle and colouring information through micro photolithography.
The corresponding stereoscopic template of sub-pix of each pixel in the three dimensional diffraction optical image data; Convert it into the stereoscopic cell picture of sub-pix of treating photoetching output; With the stereoscopic cell picture of these sub-pixs one by one on record material amount micro photolithography to submicron-scale, formation three dimensional diffraction optical imagery.
Shown in Fig. 7 (a), for a sub-pix stereogram of present embodiment as synoptic diagram.According to the data parameters (gray shade scale) of each pixel of three dimensional diffraction optical imagery, choose the part in the sub-pix template image, form stereoscopic pixel image to be exported, 71,72 ..., 7n representes n sub-pix.
Shown in Fig. 7 (b), according to the gray shade scale of view data, the inferior sub-pixel of each in the design template, the ratio of striated structure is corresponding with gray shade scale.Striated structure is many, shows that pixel is bright, otherwise then dark, 73 expression striated structures.
Shown in accompanying drawing 8, be three dimensional diffraction optical imagery output unit frame diagram of the present invention.This device comprises spatial light modulator 81, light source 82, final minification optical system 83, two-dimentional mobile platform 84 and control system 85 and forms.Spatial light modulator is used to show the stereoscopic elementary area of sub-pix, can adopt the LCD of transmission-type, reflective DMD, LCOS etc., and the dot structure size has the 10um magnitude; The light illumination spatial light modulator; To the recording materials surface, the cycle of stripe pattern to sub-micrometer scale, is had the ability of diffracts visible light by micro to the final minification optical system with the image micro on the spatial light modulator; The two dimension mobile platform provides relatively moving of optical system and recording materials; Control system is used for demonstration, exposure, mobile working and coordinates to carry out.
Shown in accompanying drawing 9, be the monochromatic stereoscopic template synoptic diagram of present embodiment.If the image of design does not possess chromatic information, can adopt the stereoscopic template of the s.m.p sub-pix structure shown in the accompanying drawing 9, reduce data processing amount, simplify implementation procedure.91,92 ..., 9n is the stereoscopic template of each monochromatic sub-pix.
In fact, the structure of the stereoscopic template of sub-pix is not limited to above-mentioned rectangular configuration, as long as can have the characteristic that preceding text are set forth, all can be used as the stereoscopic template of sub-pix.
Embodiment two: a kind of micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image, and its agent structure is consistent with the image that embodiment one obtains, wherein, and shown in accompanying drawing 10, in its stereoscopic formwork structure, each sub-pix 101,102 ..., 10n can adopt leg-of-mutton scheme.
Embodiment three: a kind of micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image, and its agent structure is consistent with the image that embodiment one obtains, wherein, and shown in accompanying drawing 11, in its stereoscopic formwork structure, each sub-pix 111,112 ..., 11n can adopt hexagonal scheme.
Claims (4)
1. recording materials that have micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image; Said micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image is made up of the picture element array structure that is arranged on the plane; Contain the branch visual angle image information at a plurality of visual angles, it is characterized in that: each pixel is made up of a plurality of sub-pixs, and each sub-pix is corresponding to the image of a visual angle at this pixel place; Each sub-pix is a raster-like elementary area; The striped of raster-like image is orientated corresponding to the visual angle, the cycle representative color information of striped, and the area of each pixel is not more than 254 microns
2, the area of each sub-pix is not more than 100 microns
2
Said sub-pix is made up of two parts, and a part is a grating region, and another part is the clear area, and this sub-pix of proportional representation that the grating region area accounts for the area of whole sub-pix belongs to the gray scale of visual angle at this pixel place.
2. the recording materials that have micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image according to claim 1 is characterized in that: each said sub-pix be shaped as rectangle, triangle or hexagon.
3. the method for making of a micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image; At first obtain the branch visual angle image at each visual angle that need be made into three-dimensional optical image; Each image is made up of pel array by identical resolution, it is characterized in that: according to the angle parameter of minute quantity of visual angle image, original visual angle parameter and reproduction 3-D view light, the stereoscopic dot structure that design has the sub-pix structure; In the plain structure of an individual video, the corresponding branch visual angle image of each sub-pix; Each location of pixels of correspondence image; With each minute the visual angle image at the synthetic big stereoscopic dot structure of the pixel of this position; Each sub-pix is a raster-like elementary area, and the striped of raster-like image is orientated corresponding to the visual angle, the cycle representative color information of striped; Stereoscopic dot structure according to above-mentioned acquisition; The stereoscopic pixel count character matrix plate image that design has the sub-pix structure; This image is a black and white two-value grating fringe shape image; This grating fringe shape picture structure micro to submicron-scale, is produced on the photoetching material, promptly obtains required micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image; Said sub-pix is made up of two parts, and a part is a grating region, and another part is the clear area, and this sub-pix of proportional representation that the grating region area accounts for the area of whole sub-pix belongs to the gray scale of visual angle at this pixel place.
4. the method for making of micro-grating sub-pixel three-dimensional optical image according to claim 3 is characterized in that: each said sub-pix be shaped as rectangle, triangle or hexagon.
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| CN103399368B (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2015-06-17 | 东南大学 | Microlens, microlens array structure and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN104460115B (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2017-09-01 | 苏州大学 | A kind of various visual angles pixel directing backlight module and bore hole 3D display device |
| CN104517541B (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2018-04-27 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | More visual field display units, patterned shielding and more visual field display devices |
| DE102016211546A1 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Plate for making holograms and method for producing the plate |
| WO2017117751A1 (en) | 2016-01-06 | 2017-07-13 | 苏州大学 | Real-time variable-parameter micro-nano optical field modulation system and interference photoetching system |
| CN106097898B (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2019-12-06 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Pixel array, display substrate and display device |
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