CN101927464B - Preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool - Google Patents
Preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN101927464B CN101927464B CN 200910023017 CN200910023017A CN101927464B CN 101927464 B CN101927464 B CN 101927464B CN 200910023017 CN200910023017 CN 200910023017 CN 200910023017 A CN200910023017 A CN 200910023017A CN 101927464 B CN101927464 B CN 101927464B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of an inorganic high molecular abrasive tool, which comprises the following steps: designing the formula of the product according to the product standard, weighing the materials according to the proportion, evenly stirring, and blowing with hot air until the mixture expands in volume, cakes and forms wires; after 1-5 minutes, stopping the hot air, stirring at high speed until the abrasive grains are dispersed, compression-molding, and heating the molded abrasive tool so that the abrasive tool is vitrified and solidified; and finally, processing the vitrified and solidified abrasive tool, trimming and detecting to obtain the finished product. The invention solves the technical problems of complex production technique, high energy consumption, environment pollution, easy burnout at high temperature and unstable chemical properties of the existing abrasive tool. The abrasive tool produced by the method has the advantages of wide applicability, unique function, environmental protection, energy saving, high quality, high performance and the like.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the preparation method of grinding tool, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool.
Background technology:
Because grinding and grinding machine technical development are rapid, requirement to grinding tool properties of product and quality is all higher, at present ceramic abrasive tool product processes more complicated, energy consumption are larger, environment is also had very large pollution, and the product of producing are difficult to satisfy the demand of modern processing industry.
The bonding grinding tool goods of preparation adopt conventional glassy state, ceramic base and organic bond usually at present, and glassy state, ceramic base bond must form under its fusion temperature, and remain in this temperature so that it flows, thereby cover abrasive particle and form adherend, the wellability of adherend and abrasive material and surface-active are poor in this case, and not strong with the bonding force of abrasive material.
Examine under a microscope ceramic material, can find to mainly contain three kinds of structures, i.e. crystal phase, glassy phase and pore.Crystal is the basic structure of pottery mutually, and it is by certain regularly arranged and crystal structure that form by the atom of ceramic compound.Glassy phase is the amorphous structure that is formed by the random arrangement of atom of pottery each constituent and impurity, because of this structure similar with the microstructure of glass, so be called glassy phase.The performance of pottery is closely related with its microstructure.Traditional ceramics fragility is large, is unable to undergo external force collision, can not rapid heating and cooling, otherwise will burst.The former is because the mechanical shock resistance of pottery is poor, and the latter is because thermal-shock resistance is poor.This is two kinds of different causes, but roughly the same rupture process is arranged, and namely at first from the inner micro-crack that has existed of pottery, crackle is expanded gradually, until complete rupture.And concerning pottery, the speed of Crack Extension is very fast, at a wink just " line on earth ".Can find out that from the process of above ceramic fracture there is micro-crack in ceramic inside, be the first reason that causes ceramic fracture.On the section of pottery sherds, you can see many small holes, and particle is also thicker, and this is the firing temperature lower (being generally 800～1000 ℃) owing to pottery, and the porosity is higher.Although porcelain is fired under 1200～1400 ℃ of high temperature, structure is much finer and closely woven, does not often see with the naked eye what defective is arranged, but at microscopically, can see still that on its surface many small scars are arranged, many micro-cracks, pore and field trash are distributing on the fracture of porcelain fragment.Under the larger electron microscope of multiplication factor, many crystal structure defects can also have been found, such as room, dislocation and crystal boundary etc.All these micro-cracks, pore, field trash, crystal defect, injurious surface mark etc. all may become the cradle of crackle.In a single day second reason that causes ceramic fracture is to form crackle in the pottery will expand rapidly.Pottery is unlike metal, and metal can produce plastic deformation under external force, and plastic deformation can absorb the energy of running crack, plays the effect of crack arrest.Pottery belongs to fragile material, in case form crackle, owing to lack plastic deformation ability, the stress that material internal occurs focuses on crack tip immediately, promotes rapidly forward expansion of crackle, until fracture.If in the thermal shock situation, also owing to the poor thermal conductivity of pottery, thermal coefficient of expansion is large, and therefore thermal stress increases, and impels crackle to expand rapidly.
In grinding tool was produced, although the good springiness of organic bond own has polishing action, and the grinding tool self-sharpening can be good, is difficult for stopping up; Once seldom again finishing after the finishing, grinding efficiency is high, and Grinding Roughness is low, and grinding temperature is low, and usage comparison is extensive in grinding tool, but grinding tool at high temperature easily burns, chemical property is relatively unstable.
Summary of the invention:
Existing grinding tool product processes is complicated, energy consumption is large, contaminated environment in order to solve in the present invention, and grinding tool at high temperature easily burns, the relatively unsettled technical problem of chemical property, thereby a kind of preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool is provided.
The scheme of finishing the foregoing invention task is: a kind of preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool, and described preparation method may further comprise the steps:
1). design according to the prescription of product standard to product;
2). the prescription that designs is weighed by proportioning;
3). abrasive material and filler in will filling a prescription stir;
4). inorganic polymer bond and auxiliary agent in will filling a prescription stir;
5). add the compound of bond and auxiliary agent after the abrasive material that stirs and filler stirred in the batch mixing pot, form mix after stirring;
6). mix is added blowing hot-air continue to stir and to stop hot blast in 10-20 minute to mix volumetric expansion, the conglomeration wire drawing in 1-5 minute;
7). the speed that turns with per minute 150-300 stirs, and utilizes centrifugal force to make mix be dispersed into loose material;
8). loose material is put into mould, be compressed to shaping grinding apparatus with forcing press;
9). shaping grinding apparatus is heated, make its consolidation of porcelain;
10). the grinding tool behind the consolidation of porcelain is processed, repairs, detected;
11). grinding tool is detected qualified rear formation finished product.
Consolidation of porcelain in the described step 9 comprises: low temperature consolidation of porcelain, microwave consolidation of porcelain and saturated vapor consolidation of porcelain.
Described low temperature consolidation of porcelain is to carry out according to the reference temperature control curve of producing grinding tool, specifically:
A. in 50 ℃ environment, be incubated 2 hours;
B. be warming up to 70 ℃ through 1 hour, be incubated 3-5 hour;
C. be warming up to 90 ℃ through 2 hours, be incubated 3-5 hour;
D. be warming up to 120 ℃ through 3 hours, be incubated 3 hours;
E. make it naturally be down to room temperature.
When the particle diameter of abrasive material diminishes, the large or processing grinding tool weightening finish of bond quantitative change, when increasing, in the corresponding lengthening of intensification, temperature retention time of each temperature control section.
Described microwave consolidation of porcelain is that the grinding tool with compression molding places consolidation of porcelain under the microwave environment;
Described saturated vapor consolidation of porcelain places consolidation of porcelain under the saturated vapor environment with the grinding tool of compression molding.
When the abrasive material in the described step 3 and inorganic polymer bond are used, the acid ingredient of abrasive surface is processed.
Filler in the described step 3 is iron oxide, copper powder, carborundum, iron sulfide, wollastonite or inorganic mineral pigments.
Bond in the described step 4 will stir before use.
Auxiliary agent in the described step 4 comprises honey, brown sugar and organic polymer, and needs in use elder generation and bond to mix; Described organic polymer is the thermoplasticity organic compound of styrene-butadiene block interpolymers (SBS), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).
Figure of description:
Fig. 1 is the utility model inorganic high molecular abrasive tool preparation method's flow chart.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. the inorganic polymer bond can (120 ℃) condensation formation (this point is identical with organic bond) have uniform purport structure under the lower temperature far below glassy state, ceramic base bond.The inorganic polymer bond with wellability good (this point and organic bond are identical) between the abrasive material, surface-active is large, interface energy is little, not only adhesion is strong for they, simultaneously, also can better repair the micro-crack that abrasive material self exists; And, the inorganic polymer jointing material is the compact texture that the low temperature condensation forms, not only have higher than the bonding strength of glassy state, ceramic base, stable chemical nature, and toughness is better, the speed that satisfies the high speed heavy load emery wheel reaches 80 meter per seconds, and load is general high high to the above revolving strength of 9800 newton, the condition of working under the mal-condition that load is heavy or impulsive force is large.
2. the inorganic polymer bond is compared with glassy state, ceramic base bond and is that modulus is little but toughness is large, and inorganic macromolecule material itself is an oxide network structural system, and stable chemical nature, does not decompose at not oxidation between 1000 ℃～1200 ℃.
3. the element adhesion of inorganic polymer bond is mainly ionic bond, covalent bond or ioni valence mixing key.The characteristics of these chemical bonds are that high bond energy, key is strong.Therefore, this large class material has high-melting-point, high rigidity, corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant, high strength and the good base attribute such as anti-oxidant,
The inorganic polymer bond in grinding tool production, have high rigidity guarantor's type, high tenacity shock-absorbing because of advantage be applicable to mirror grinding and not yielding; And be easy to make cutting edge outstanding, highly even, and make grinding tool can reduce harsh requirement to grinding machine precision and rigidity; So, can substitute phenolic resins production high speed, heavy load grinding tool.In addition, behind the inorganic polymer bond porcelain, the three-dimensional oxide network structure that formation links to each other with ionic bond with covalent bond with silicon-oxy tetrahedron and aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron, owing to contain aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron in the structure of this material, in grinding process, this part aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron has lubrication, make the fineness of surface of the work splendid, and energy to failure is up to 1500J/m
3, in the time of can satisfying the grinding tool High Rotation Speed under the powerful centrifugal action grinding tool can not produce the requirement of strength of breaking.Therefore, the inorganic polymer bond provides application foundation for high speed, microabrasive tools.
5. the inorganic polymer bond is to be that nano level build-up of particles polymerization porcelain forms by yardstick, it is fixed at a lower temperature just to reach densified, its small-size effect, surface and interface effect of while, quantum size effect and quantum channel effect, so that it has unique performance, its appearance will help to solve reinforcement and the toughness reinforcing problem of inorganic polymer bond.Specifically inorganic macromolecule material has following special performance: the chemical property that 1) particle diameter is little, specific area is large and high, can significantly reduce the sintering densification temperature of material, energy savings; 2) make composition compact structure, the homogenising of material, improve the performance of material structure, improve the reliability of using; 3) can be conducive to give full play to the Potential performance of ceramic material from the composition and structure of quantum number magnitude control material, make the institutional framework of inorganic polymer bond material and the rational design of performance become possibility.
6. fixed after the moulding of inorganic polymer bond, granular size has determined microstructure and the macro property of material.Distribute accumulation evenly such as material granule, shrink consistent when then fixed and uniform crystal particles is grown up, low-temperature concretion at first causes material variation structurally, the tiny equiax crystal shape that evenly is of crystal grain, simultaneously because the introducing of crystal boundary liquid phase and unique interfacial structure cause the interface in conjunction with reinforcement, the fracture of material also becomes completely along brilliant fracture mode, so that the intensity of material and toughness significantly improve; Prepared fault in material is little, intensity is high, reacts fixed, the advantages such as reaction temperature low, crystallized ability good, low cost and high-purity higher than sintered product density that have.And do not have liquid phase to produce in traditional solid-phase sintering process, and needing higher sintering temperature, grain growth is serious, and sintered body particle is thick, and lack of homogeneity, fracture mode mostly are transgranular fracture; And fracture toughness is also lower.
7. high quality: inorganic synthetic, stable chemical nature, caking property is strong, mechanical strength is high, wear-and corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant, thermal coefficient of expansion is little.This bond had both had the characteristic of inorganic material, also had the characteristic of certain organic material.The grinding tool that uses this bond to produce not only has the separately advantage of ceramic abrasive tool and resin abrasive tools, has also overcome their deficiencies separately, has broken the boundary of traditional ceramic abrasive tool and resin abrasive tools.
8. environmental protection and energy saving: the inorganic polymer bond does not have toxic and harmful to produce in the production of grinding tool and use procedure, and its highest solidification temperature only needs 120 ℃, and be 21 hours general hardening time, saved greatly the energy, improved significantly production efficiency.
9. function is unique: but inorganic polymer bond production High-speed fine grinding grinding tool, and owing to contain aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron in the structure of this material, in grinding process, this part aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron has lubrication, makes the fineness of surface of the work splendid.Can satisfy the demand of the industry high accuracy such as automobile, Aero-Space, machine tool, high efficiency processing.
10. widely applicable: the inorganic polymer bond is after curing, the dimensional network structure that formation links to each other with ionic bond with covalent bond with silicon-oxy tetrahedron and aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron, its energy to failure is up to 1500J/m2, can satisfy grinding tool when High Rotation Speed, under the powerful centrifugal action, grinding tool can not produce the requirement of strength of breaking.This bond namely can be produced ultra-soft grinding tool, bonded abrasive products, also can produce superhard, ultrahigh speed grinding tool and microabrasive tools.Through the reality test, with the bonded abrasive products that this bond is produced, speed of gyration surpasses more than the 130m/s.The ultra-soft grinding tool of producing also can stand high speed rotary; Because solidification temperature is low, with " hydridization " concept change production technology, can produce the above high speed grinding tool of 250m/s.
11. because this material can low-temperature concretion, just can add other organic and inorganic material and carry out modification, to satisfy the requirements at the higher level to the grinding tool different performance.
12. lay the foundation: be the super-hard abrasive tool materials such as diamond, cubic boron nitride, micron power, a kind of rare desirable bond is provided; For microwave consolidation of porcelain production macro porosity high speed grinding wheel, provide a kind of feasible method.
The specific embodiment:
Be described further below in conjunction with the present invention:
The preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool provided by the present invention is by the moulding of following steps realization grinding tool, and is specific as follows:
A. design according to the prescription of product standard to product;
B. the prescription that designs is weighed by proportioning;
C. abrasive material and filler in will filling a prescription stir; When abrasive material and inorganic polymer bond are used, first the acid ingredient of abrasive surface is processed, wherein abrasive material is corundum class abrasive material, carborundum, silicon nitride, diamond class abrasive material; Wherein filler is iron oxide, copper powder, carborundum, iron sulfide, wollastonite or inorganic mineral pigments.
D. inorganic polymer bond and auxiliary agent in will filling a prescription stir, and form compound; Wherein the inorganic polymer bond will stir before use; Auxiliary agent comprises honey, brown sugar and organic polymer, and needs in use elder generation and bond to mix, and the honey of auxiliary agent, brown sugar are straight chain compound, and its effect is the micro-crack that eliminates stress when the high temperature grinding and produce; Organic polymer is the thermoplasticity organic compounds such as styrene-butadiene block interpolymers (SBS), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and wherein the adding of organic polymer can be produced and be had more flexible grinding tool.
E. add the compound of bond and auxiliary agent after the abrasive material that stirs and filler being stirred in the batch mixing pot, after stirring, form mix.Before adding hot blast, fully stir, make bond fully infiltrate, wrap up abrasive material, and be penetrated into repairing abrasive material in the slit of crackle abrasive material, thus the greatly raising that on macroscopic view, will show abrasive properties.
F. mix is added blowing hot-air and continue to stir, hot blast temperature and the control of hot blast size can according to the size of suitability for industrialized production amount and mixing speed is on-the-spot be adjusted, until mix volumetric expansion, conglomeration wire drawing stopped blowing hot-air after 1-5 minute.
G. the speed that turns with per minute 150-300 stirs, and the size of mixing speed is adjusted according to consumption what and the abrasive grain size production scene of bond; Utilize centrifugal force to make mix be dispersed into loose material;
H. loose material is put into mould and be pressed into shaping grinding apparatus with forcing press;
I. process, repair, detect until form finished product to the shaping grinding apparatus consolidation of porcelain of heating, and to the grinding tool behind the consolidation of porcelain of heating;
Wherein fixed the low temperature consolidation of porcelain that comprises, microwave consolidation of porcelain and saturated vapor consolidation of porcelain.The low temperature consolidation of porcelain is to carry out according to the reference temperature control curve of producing grinding tool, specifically: after at first in 50 ℃ environment, being incubated 2 hours, be warming up to 70 ℃ through 1 hour again, and then after being incubated 5 hours, heated to 90 ℃ through 2 hours again, and then be incubated 5 hours, be warming up to 120 ℃ through 3 hours again, make it naturally be down to room temperature after being incubated at last 3 hours, when the particle diameter of abrasive material diminishes, the bond quantitative change greatly or the processing grinding tool increases weight, when increasing, just answer corresponding lengthening in intensification, the temperature retention time of each temperature control section.
The microwave consolidation of porcelain is that the grinding tool with compression molding places consolidation of porcelain under the microwave environment, use the fixed mode of microwave not only can produce the high speed grinding tool of gross blow hole, also can produce bonded abrasive products, these production processes can be finished in 3-8 hour, and energy-saving effect is remarkable.
The saturated vapor consolidation of porcelain is that the grinding tool with compression molding places consolidation of porcelain under the saturated vapor environment, by fixed high speed, high tenacity, the microabrasive tools produced of saturated vapor.
When using the inorganic polymer bond to produce grinding tool, preferably density wants large, filler to lack.The purpose of doing so not only makes the quality of grinding tool improve, and main is that the abrasive particle that participates in grinding in the unit interval is increased, thereby improves grinding efficiency.It is simple that the metal compression molding method has a device, the advantage that moulding is with low cost, because its compression aspect is unidirectional, the frictional force of abrasive material and abrasive material, abrasive material and metal die wall is large, and transmission of pressure is not too even between abrasive material.The institutional framework that produces product so easily cause the green density inequality of moulding is inhomogeneous, thus want level pressure rather than cover half as far as possible, and moderate pressure is strengthened and does the pressurize of certain hour.
Claims (8)
1. the preparation method of an inorganic high molecular abrasive tool, described preparation method may further comprise the steps:
1). design according to the prescription of product standard to product;
2). the prescription that designs is weighed by proportioning;
3). abrasive material and filler in will filling a prescription stir;
4). inorganic polymer bond and auxiliary agent in will filling a prescription stir;
5). add the compound of bond and auxiliary agent after the abrasive material that stirs and filler stirred in the batch mixing pot, form mix after stirring;
6). mix is added blowing hot-air continue to stir and to stop hot blast in 10-20 minute to mix volumetric expansion, the conglomeration wire drawing in 1-5 minute;
7). the speed that turns with per minute 150-300 stirs, and utilizes centrifugal force to make mix be dispersed into loose material;
8). loose material is put into mould, be compressed to shaping grinding apparatus with forcing press;
9). shaping grinding apparatus is heated, make its consolidation of porcelain;
10). the grinding tool behind the consolidation of porcelain is processed, repairs, detected;
11). grinding tool is detected qualified rear formation finished product.
2. the preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: fixed the comprising in the described step 9): low temperature consolidation of porcelain, microwave consolidation of porcelain or saturated vapor consolidation of porcelain.
3. the preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described low temperature consolidation of porcelain is to carry out according to the reference temperature control curve of producing grinding tool, specifically:
A. in 50 ℃ environment, be incubated 2 hours;
B. be warming up to 70 ℃ through 1 hour, be incubated 3-5 hour;
C. heated to 90 ℃ through 2 hours, be incubated 3-5 hour;
D. be warming up to 120 ℃ through 3 hours, be incubated 3 hours;
E. make it naturally be down to room temperature;
When the particle diameter of abrasive material diminishes, the large or processing grinding tool weightening finish of bond quantitative change, when increasing, in the corresponding lengthening of intensification, temperature retention time of each temperature control section.
4. the preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described microwave consolidation of porcelain is that the grinding tool with compression molding places consolidation of porcelain under the microwave environment.
5. the preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described saturated vapor consolidation of porcelain is that the grinding tool with compression molding places consolidation of porcelain under the saturated vapor environment.
6. the preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that: when the abrasive material in the described step 3) and filler stir, through alkali cleaning the acid ingredient of abrasive surface is processed;
Described abrasive material is corundum class abrasive material, carborundum, silicon nitride, cubic boron nitride, diamond class abrasive material;
Described filler is iron oxide, copper powder, carborundum, iron sulfide or wollastonite.
7. the preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the bond in the described step 4) will stir before use.
8. the preparation method of inorganic high molecular abrasive tool according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the auxiliary agent in the described step 4) comprises honey, brown sugar and organic polymer, and needs in use first and bond mixes; Described organic polymer is thermoplasticity organic compound styrene-butadiene block interpolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US9873185B2 (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2018-01-23 | Pradeep Metals Limited | Rapid curing of resin bonded grinding wheels |
| CN103880456A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-06-25 | 黄曦 | Ceramic based friction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104117932A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-29 | 梅咬清 | Method for manufacturing energy-saving knife stone |
| CN103506967A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2014-01-15 | 陕西德赛新材料科技有限公司 | Principle and technological process of producing efficient grinding materials through implantation method |
| CN104400673A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2015-03-11 | 西安宇朗陶瓷新材料有限公司 | Method for manufacturing superhard grinding tool employing thermosetting ceramic as bonding agent |
| CN107234553B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-06-18 | 珠海泰达砂轮有限公司 | A kind of elastic grinding disk and preparation method thereof |
| RU2685825C1 (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2019-04-23 | Открытое акционерное общество " Волжский абразивный завод" | Mass for production of highly porous abrasive tool and method for production of highly porous abrasive tool |
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| CN1522834A (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2004-08-25 | 高峻峰 | Method for manufacturing metal or ceramic bond superhard grinding tool |
| CN1554517A (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2004-12-15 | 戴湘云 | Method for producing glass polishing emery wheel |
| EP1494834A1 (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2005-01-12 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Method of roll grinding |
| CN101434828A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-05-20 | 天津大学 | Sintering grinding medium and preparation thereof |
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| EP1494834A1 (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2005-01-12 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Method of roll grinding |
| CN1522834A (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2004-08-25 | 高峻峰 | Method for manufacturing metal or ceramic bond superhard grinding tool |
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