CN101927164B - Metallic ion-doping modification microsphere TiO2 photocatalyst and method for preparing same - Google Patents

Metallic ion-doping modification microsphere TiO2 photocatalyst and method for preparing same Download PDF

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CN101927164B
CN101927164B CN 201010223344 CN201010223344A CN101927164B CN 101927164 B CN101927164 B CN 101927164B CN 201010223344 CN201010223344 CN 201010223344 CN 201010223344 A CN201010223344 A CN 201010223344A CN 101927164 B CN101927164 B CN 101927164B
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tio
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刘宏菊
罗威
王新蕾
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Beihang University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a metallic ion-doping modification microsphere TiO2 photocatalyst and a method for preparing the same. The metallic ion-doping modification microsphere TiO2 photocatalyst exists in a mode of microspheres, and the microspheres has the diameter of 60 to 150 mu m, and the apparent density of 0.785 to 0.845kg/m3; the photocatalyst is formed by nano TiO2 crystal grains, and the nano TiO2 crystal grains exist in a mode of anatase type crystals; the photocatalyst has high thermal stability, and when the photocatalyst is used for degrading oil-field produced water, the degraded oil-field produced water reaches state emission standards; in addition, the photocatalyst also has wide application prospect in the technical field of processing wastewater such as domestic wastewater and factory processing wastewater.

Description

A kind of microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photochemical catalyst preparation, be specifically related to a kind of microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the quickening of China's oil field development process, oil field extracted water is more and more, and the improving constantly of domestic petroleum recovery percent, and makes the oil field get into the high moisture productive life in succession.If oil field extracted water directly discharges without processing, can cause the pollution of aspects such as soil, water source, seriously influence ecological environment.Therefore, the research of oil field extracted water Treatment Technology receives people's attention day by day.The more promising treatment Technology for Petroleum Water Flooding of generally acknowledging both at home and abroad at present, is TiO 2Photocatalysis oxidation technique.
TiO 2The research that photocatalysis oxidation technique is applied to water treatment starts from the seventies in last century, TiO in this technology 2Photocatalysis mainly come from self special electronic structure and good photoelectric characteristic.TiO 2Photochemical catalyst has three kinds of crystal formations: Detitanium-ore-type (anatase), rutile-type (ruble) and brookite type (brookite), Detitanium-ore-type are the highest active a kind of crystal formations, secondly are rutile-types, and brookite type and unformed TiO 2There is not tangible photocatalytic activity.Under the irradiation of light, TiO 2Can produce highly active light induced electron (e -) and photohole (h +).At TiO 2-H 2In the O system, e-, h +Under effect of electric field, separate, migrate to TiO 2The surface of particle, and respectively by the H in the solution 2O, OH -, organic matter and dissolved oxygen capture, and generates oxidability and extremely strong hydroxyl radical free radical (HO) and the O of reactivity 2-, HOO etc., can be CO with the organic matter direct oxidation in the water body 2, H 2Inorganic molecules such as O.
TiO both domestic and external 2Photocatalysis oxidation technique is not obtained very good effect in the processing of oil field extracted water is used, its reason is that present great majority apply to light-catalysed TiO 2It all is pulverous nano-TiO 2, it is difficult for deposition in sedimentation basin in the water treatment applications process, can cause a large amount of TiO like this 2Can lose with current, make TiO 2Recycling rate of waterused decline to a great extent.In order to address this problem, people attempt TiO 2Powder is fixed on a certain carrier, prepares supported titanium 2Photochemical catalyst.But find supported titanium through experiment 2Just adsorb TiO through simple physics 2Be fixed in carrier surface, in the repeated use process, be prone to come off, and loading process be to TiO 2Photocatalysis performance certain influence is also arranged.
Summary of the invention
To the problem that exists in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst and preparation method thereof, the microballoon TiO of described metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst exists with reunion attitude microsphere form, and the diameter of microsphere is 60~150 μ m, and apparent density is 0.785~0.845kg/m 3Described microsphere is by nano level TiO 2Crystal grain is formed, this TiO 2Crystal grain exists with the Detitanium-ore-type crystal formation.This catalyst thermal stability is good, can be used to the oil field extracted water of degrading, and makes the oil field extracted water after the degraded reach discharging standards.
A kind of microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification 2The preparation method of photochemical catalyst comprises following step
Step 1, preparation TiO 2Photochemical catalyst;
(a) butyl titanate of getting 17~20ml under the stirring of magnetic stirring apparatus, slowly adds absolute ethyl alcohol 68~70ml in beaker, stir, and forms mixed solution A;
(b) choose 1ml and contain Fe 3+Solution, Cu 2+Solution, Co 2+Solution, Mn 2+Solution or Zn 2+Solution in a kind of, and the concentration of metal ions of selected solution is 10 -4Mol/ml~10 -8Mol/ml; , and to the distilled water that wherein adds 5ml; Under the stirring of magnetic stirring apparatus, slowly add absolute ethyl alcohol 6~7ml, after stirring, regulate pH value to the salpeter solution of Dropwise 5 mol/L wherein, make the mixed solution B of formation be acidity;
(c) under magnetic stirrer, mixed solution A is dropwise added among the mixed solution B, after dripping off, utilize magnetic stirrer to continue again, prepare milky colloidal sol after stirring;
(d) grind with milky colloidal sol drying, and to dried milky colloidal sol, becoming grain size is the Powdered milky powder of 13~16nm; Should be transferred in the Muffle furnace by Powdered milky powder, be warming up to 500 ℃ gradually, insulation obtains TiO after the roasting 2Photochemical catalyst;
(e) repeating step (a)~(d) makes the TiO of preparation 2The quality of photochemical catalyst is greater than 500g, and it is once required minimum to satisfy the spray granulation plant preparation;
Step 2: preparation microballoon TiO 2Photochemical catalyst
TiO with preparation 2Photochemical catalyst carries out distilled water with distilled water and dissolves, and in course of dissolution, adds 20~25ml glass cement, forms mixed solution C;
Step 3: mist projection granulating process:
(A) charging aperture of mixed solution C through spray granulation plant imported in the spray granulation plant; After the importing, mixed solution C gets into the feed liquid storage tank, and mixed solution C gets into the high speed atomizer and atomizes under the effect of charging pump subsequently; The atomizing back forms drop; Drop carries out drying through the nozzle entering spray drying tower of high speed atomizer 4, and the moisture on drop surface evaporates the solute TiO in the drop rapidly in spray drying tower 2Photochemical catalyst precipitates and forms microballoon TiO 2, collect the microballoon TiO that elementary product promptly contains glass cement in the discharging opening place 2
The microballoon TiO that contains glass cement that (B) will obtain 2Place 500 ℃ Muffle furnace heating and calcining 1h, remove dissolving TiO in step (A) 2The glass cement that adds during photochemical catalyst promptly obtains end product---the microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst.
The optimal selection of selected solution is 10 in described step 1 (b) step -7Fe (the NO of mol/mL 3) 3Solution;
Microballoon TiO with the metallic ion-doping modification for preparing 2Degrade oil extraction waste water test of photochemical catalyst, result of the test shows, the microballoon TiO of this metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst has good stable performance and catalytic performance.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification provided by the present invention 2Photochemical catalyst both can solve powder TiO 2Photochemical catalyst and supported titanium 2The technical problem that photochemical catalyst exists in handling the waste water process has increased substantially the recycling rate of waterused of catalyst, also can make the oil field extracted water after the processing reach discharging standards simultaneously.
2, the microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification provided by the present invention 2Photochemical catalyst carries out modification method for preparing through the ion doping modification and makes microballoon TiO 2The catalytic performance of photochemical catalyst obviously improves, and economic benefit is high.
3, the microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification provided by the present invention 2The preparation method of photochemical catalyst is simple, and economical and efficient can be mass-produced, and practices thrift the processing cost of oil field extracted water, can be widely used in the technical field of degraded oil field extracted water.
4, the microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification provided by the present invention 2Photochemical catalyst can be applied in the processing of sanitary wastewater, factory process waste water etc., has wide application prospects.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the spray granulation plant structure diagram that the present invention uses;
Fig. 2: the spray granulation plant work flow that the present invention uses;
Fig. 3: the microballoon TiO of the present invention's preparation 2The XRD material phase analysis spectrogram of photochemical catalyst.
Among the figure: the 1-charging aperture; 2-feed liquid storage tank; The 3-charging pump;
4-high speed atomizer; The 5-spray drying tower; The 6-discharging opening.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is elaborated.
The present invention proposes a kind of microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst and preparation method thereof, the microballoon TiO of described metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst exists with reunion attitude microsphere form, and the diameter of microsphere is 60~150 μ m, and apparent density is 0.785~0.845kg/m 3Described microsphere is by nano level TiO 2Crystal grain is formed, this TiO 2Crystal grain exists with the Detitanium-ore-type crystal formation.
A kind of microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification 2The preparation method of photochemical catalyst comprises following step
Step 1, preparation TiO 2Photochemical catalyst;
(a) butyl titanate of getting 17~20ml under the stirring of magnetic stirring apparatus, slowly adds absolute ethyl alcohol 68~70ml in beaker, stir, and forms mixed solution A;
(b) choose 1ml and contain Fe 3+, Cu 2+, Co 2+, Mn 2+Or Zn 2+Solution in a kind of, and the concentration of metal ions of selected solution is 10 -4Mol/ml~10 -8Mol/ml, and to the distilled water that wherein adds 5ml; Under the stirring of magnetic stirring apparatus, slowly add absolute ethyl alcohol 6~7ml, after stirring, regulate pH value to the salpeter solution of Dropwise 5 mol/L wherein, make the mixed solution B of formation be acidity
(c) under magnetic stirrer, mixed solution A is dropwise added among the mixed solution B, after dripping off, utilize magnetic stirrer to continue again, prepare milky colloidal sol after stirring
When mixed solution A splashed into mixed solution B, the butyl titanate hydrolytic reactions generated TiO 2Molecule; Reaction equation is following:
Figure BSA00000182566900031
The concentration of corresponding doped metal ion is in the described milky colloidal sol: every cubic centimetre of TiO 2In the doping ion number that contains be respectively 6.04 * 10 19Individual, 6.04 * 10 18Individual, 6.04 * 10 17Individual, 6.04 * 10 16Individual, 6.04 * 10 15Individual or 0;
(d) grind with milky colloidal sol drying, and to dried milky colloidal sol, becoming grain size is the Powdered milky powder of 13~16nm; Should be transferred in the Muffle furnace by Powdered milky powder, be warming up to 500 ℃ gradually, insulation obtains TiO after the roasting 2Photochemical catalyst;
(e) repeating step (a)~(d); Make the TiO of preparation 2The quality of photochemical catalyst is greater than 500g, and it is once required minimum to satisfy the spray granulation plant preparation;
Step 2: preparation microballoon TiO 2Photochemical catalyst
With the TiO for preparing 2Photochemical catalyst dissolves with distilled water, and in course of dissolution, adds 20~25ml glass cement, forms mixed solution C.
Step 3: mist projection granulating process:
(A) as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, mixed solution C is imported spray granulation plant inside through the charging aperture 1 of spray granulation plant, after the importing; Mixed solution C gets into feed liquid storage tank 2; Mixed solution C gets in the high speed atomizer 4 under the effect of charging pump 3 and atomizes subsequently, and the atomizing back forms drop, and drop carries out drying through the nozzle entering spray drying tower 5 of high speed atomizer 4; The moisture on drop surface evaporates the solute TiO in the drop rapidly in spray drying tower 5 2Photochemical catalyst precipitates and forms microballoon TiO 2, collect the microballoon TiO that elementary product promptly contains glass cement in discharging opening 6 places 2
The microballoon TiO that contains glass cement that (B) will obtain 2Place 500 ℃ Muffle furnace heating and calcining, remove dissolving TiO in step (A) 2The glass cement that adds during photochemical catalyst obtains end product---microballoon TiO 2Photochemical catalyst;
Described glass cement is binder commonly used, and main component is a sodium metasilicate, is transparent acid silicone glass cement, and is soluble in water, toughness; This glass cement plays the effect of binding agent in the mist projection granulating process, make product microballoon TiO 2Photochemical catalyst can exist with stable spheric granules.
The optimal selection of doping ion screening is 10 in the described step 1 (b) -7Fe (the NO of mol/mL 3) 3
Microballoon TiO with the metallic ion-doping modification for preparing 2Degrade oil extraction waste water test of photochemical catalyst, result of the test shows, the microballoon TiO of this metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst has the good stable performance with catalytic performance.
Microballoon TiO with the metallic ion-doping modification for preparing 2Photochemical catalyst adopts D/max2200PC type x-ray powder diffraction instrument to carry out material phase analysis, as shown in Figure 3, and the microballoon TiO of the metallic ion-doping modification of preparation 2Photochemical catalyst contains the TiO of tangible Detitanium-ore-type 2Characteristic peak: the main peak value is at 25.35 ° (101 faces), and 37.96 ° (004 face), 48.07 ° (200 face), 53.92 ° (001 face), and tangible golden red type TiO does not appear in the material phase analysis spectrogram 2Characteristic peak, show sintering temperature in 500 ℃, prepared microballoon TiO 2The structure of photochemical catalyst is that the Detitanium-ore-type catalyst of catalytic effect is preferably arranged.
Microballoon TiO with the metallic ion-doping modification for preparing 2Degrade oil extraction waste water test of photochemical catalyst, result of the test shows, the microballoon TiO of this metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst has good stable performance and catalytic performance.
Embodiment 1:
Step 1, TiO 2The photochemical catalyst doping vario-property;
(a) butyl titanate of getting 17mL under the stirring of magnetic stirring apparatus, slowly adds absolute ethyl alcohol 68mL in beaker, stir, and forms mixed solution A; And utilize identical method to prepare totally six parts of solution A.
(b) configuration concentration is respectively 10 -4Mol/mL, 10 -5Mol/mL, 10 -6Mol/mL, 10 -7Mol/mL, 10 -8Fe (the NO of mol/mL, 0mol/mL 3) 3Solution.Respectively get the Fe (NO of the above-mentioned variable concentrations of 1mL 3) 3Solution places six beakers, in each beaker, adds 5mL distilled water respectively.Under the stirring of magnetic stirring apparatus, slowly add absolute ethyl alcohol 6mL, after stirring, regulate pH value to the salpeter solution of Dropwise 5 mol/L wherein, make the mixed solution B of formation be acidity.
(c) under magnetic stirring apparatus stirs fast, six parts of identical mixed solution A correspondences are dropwise added six kinds respectively contain different Fe 3+The mixed solution B of concentration after dripping off, utilizes magnetic stirrer to continue, and has both prepared six kinds of different milky colloidal sols of doped metal ion.
Utilizing the solid-state physics doping density to convert can know: the concentration of corresponding doped metal ion is respectively every cubic centimetre of TiO in six kinds of milky colloidal sol 2In the doping ion number that contains be respectively 6.04 * 10 19Individual, 6.04 * 10 18Individual, 6.04 * 10 17Individual, 6.04 * 10 16Individual, 6.04 * 10 15Individual, 0.
(d) milky colloidal sol is dry, and dried milky colloidal sol ground respectively become Powderedly, powder diameter is 13~16nm, then with pulverous TiO 2Powder is transferred in the Muffle furnace, is warming up to 500 ℃ gradually, promptly gets the TiO of different doping ion concentrations after the roasting 2Photochemical catalyst.
(e) repeating step (a)~(d); Make the TiO of every kind of different doping ion concentrations of preparation 2The quality of photochemical catalyst all is about 500g, and it is once required minimum to satisfy the spray granulation plant preparation;
Step 2: the TiO of the difference doping ion concentration that will prepare respectively 2Photochemical catalyst dissolves with distilled water respectively, and in course of dissolution, adds the 25mL glass cement respectively, forms six kinds of mixed solution C;
Step 3: six kinds of mixed solution C are imported respectively carry out mist projection granulating in the spray granulation plant and form six kinds of microballoon TiO 2Photochemical catalyst, the mist projection granulating detailed process of each mixed solution C is:
(A) mixed solution C that imports through the charging aperture of spray granulation plant 1; After the importing, mixed solution C gets into feed liquid storage tank 2, and mixed solution C gets into high speed atomizer 4 and atomizes under the effect of charging pump 3 subsequently; After atomizing, form drop; Drop carries out drying through the nozzle entering spray drying tower 5 of high speed atomizer 4, and the moisture on drop surface evaporates the solute TiO in the drop rapidly in spray drying tower 5 2Precipitate and form TiO 2Microballoon, the TiO that elementary product promptly contains the glass colloid is collected at 6 places in discharging opening 2Microballoon.
The TiO that contains the glass colloid that (B) will make 2Microballoon places 500 ℃ Muffle furnace heating and calcining 1h, removes at dissolving TiO 2The glass cement that adds during photochemical catalyst, obtaining end product is the microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst.Described glass cement is transparent acid silicone glass cement for binder commonly used, and main component is a sodium metasilicate, and is soluble in water, toughness.The effect of this glass cement in preparation flow is in the mist projection granulating process, to play the effect of binding agent; Make the microballoon TiO of product metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst can exist with stable spheric granules.
Microballoon TiO with the six kinds of different metallic ion dopings modification for preparing 2The photochemical catalyst oil field produced water test of degrading respectively adds six kinds of microballoon TiO that prepare respectively in the oil field extracted water water sample 2Photochemical catalyst; Dosage is 2.5g/L.Under the room temperature, first aeration is uniformly dispersed catalyst to utilize medium pressure mercury lamp through the 2min preheating again, during the beginning dose meter; Continue aeration; Reaction time is chosen optimum reacting time 40min, measures parameters such as water sample water outlet COD, turbidity, petroleum content pH value, and experimental result shows employing 10 -7The Fe of mol/mL 3+The microballoon TiO that mixes and prepare 2The degradation effect of photochemical catalyst is best, and is as shown in table 1:
Table 1: adopt 10 -7The Fe of mol/mL 3+The microballoon TiO of doping vario-property 2The degradation effect of photochemical catalyst
Figure BSA00000182566900061
Carry out microballoon TiO 2Water outlet COD after the photocatalyst treatment is 114.28mg/L, and it is 31 that COD processing clearance reaches 54.55% turbidity, and petroleum substance content is 9mg/L, and the pH value is 7.6.With reference to " integrated wastewater discharge standard " GB 8978-1996 (secondary standard), the parameter of handling the back water outlet all reaches secondary discharge standard.Microballoon TiO 2Photochemical catalyst has the good stable performance with catalytic performance; And best metal ion doping concentration is 10 -7Fe (the NO of mol/mL 3) 3Mix, promptly every cubic centimetre contains TiO 26.04 * 10 16Individual.Simultaneously, this microballoon TiO 2Photochemical catalyst also can be applicable to handle sanitary sewage, plant produced waste water etc.

Claims (4)

1. the microballoon TiO of a metallic ion-doping modification 2The preparation method of photochemical catalyst is characterized in that: comprise following step:
Step 1, preparation TiO 2Photochemical catalyst
(a) get 17~20ml butyl titanate, under the stirring of magnetic stirring apparatus, slowly add absolute ethyl alcohol 68~70ml, the back that stirs forms mixed solution A;
(b) choose the Fe that contains of 1ml 3+Solution, and the concentration of metal ions of selected solution is 10 -4Mol/ml~10 -8Mol/ml, and to the distilled water that wherein adds 5ml; Under the stirring of magnetic stirring apparatus, slowly add absolute ethyl alcohol 6~7ml, after stirring, regulate pH value to the salpeter solution of Dropwise 5 mol/L wherein, make the mixed solution B of formation be acidity;
(c) under magnetic stirrer, mixed solution A is dropwise added among the mixed solution B, after dripping off, utilize magnetic stirrer to continue again, prepare milky colloidal sol after stirring;
(d) grind with milky colloidal sol drying, and to dried milky colloidal sol, becoming grain size is the Powdered milky powder of 13~16nm; Should be transferred in the Muffle furnace by Powdered milky powder, be warming up to 500 ℃ gradually, insulation obtains TiO after the roasting 2Photochemical catalyst;
(e) repeating step (a)~(d); Make the TiO of preparation 2The quality of photochemical catalyst is greater than 500g;
Step 2: preparation microballoon TiO 2Photochemical catalyst
TiO with preparation 2Photochemical catalyst dissolves with distilled water, and in course of dissolution, adds 20~25ml glass cement, forms mixed solution C;
Step 3: carry out the mist projection granulating process
Mixed solution C added carry out mist projection granulating in the spray granulation plant, obtain containing the microballoon TiO of glass cement 2Elementary product; And should place the Muffle furnace heating and calcining by elementary product, and obtain end product---the microballoon TiO of metallic ion-doping modification 2Photochemical catalyst exists with the microsphere form, and the diameter of microsphere is 60~150 μ m; Described glass cement is transparent acid silicone glass cement, and main component is a sodium metasilicate.
2. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when mixed solution A splashed into mixed solution B, the butyl titanate hydrolytic reactions generated TiO in the described step 1 (c) 2Molecule; Reaction equation is following: Ti (OR) 4+ 2H 2O==TiO 2+ 4ROH.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step 3 mixed solution C being added the detailed process of carrying out mist projection granulating in the spray granulation plant is:
The charging aperture of mixed solution C from spray granulation plant imported in the spray granulation plant; After the importing, mixed solution C gets into the feed liquid storage tank, and mixed solution C gets in the high speed atomizer under the effect of charging pump and atomizes subsequently; The atomizing back forms drop; Drop carries out drying through the nozzle entering spray drying tower of high speed atomizer, and the moisture on drop surface evaporates the solute TiO in the drop rapidly in spray drying tower 2Photochemical catalyst precipitates and forms microballoon TiO 2, collect the microballoon TiO that elementary product promptly contains glass cement in the discharging opening place 2
4. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: selected solution is concentration 10 in the described step 1 (b) -7Fe (the NO of mol/ml 3) 3Solution.
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