CN101924227B - Microbial fuel cell and application thereof - Google Patents
Microbial fuel cell and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101924227B CN101924227B CN2010102563366A CN201010256336A CN101924227B CN 101924227 B CN101924227 B CN 101924227B CN 2010102563366 A CN2010102563366 A CN 2010102563366A CN 201010256336 A CN201010256336 A CN 201010256336A CN 101924227 B CN101924227 B CN 101924227B
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- lake
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 Hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000108664 Nitrobacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial fuel cell for treating pollutants in a eutrophic water body, and belongs to the technical field of water body biologic repair. The pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen and the like in the eutrophic water body are removed at the same time of reducing the bottom sediment of the water body, and meanwhile precious electrical energy is generated. Hydroxyl ions (protons generated in neutralization oxidation reaction) are continuously supplied to an anode by using the traditional water body denitrification technology, and meanwhile protons are continuously supplied to a cathode so as to promote smooth anode oxidation reaction and cathode reduction reaction and improve the electron yield. The treatment of the pollutants in lakes, rivers or ponds can be realized, and the generated electrical energy can be supplied to underwater electricity devices and landscape illumination, so the microbial fuel cell has important research and practice value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the bioremediation of waters technical field, relate to a kind of from the eutrophic water bodies such as lake, river course or pond pollutant reclaim simultaneously the microbiological fuel cell of electric energy.
Background technology
China's economic development rapidly, urban population continues to increase, city size is constantly expanded, and causes that resource consumes excessively, environmental pollution and the unbalance problems of the ecosystem, and the black smelly problem in lake eutrophication phenomenon and urban river is day by day serious.Although taked some measures, fail fundamentally to eliminate the formation base of China's body eutrophication, degradating trend is continued to be in some areas.It is reported that 84 the representative Lakes in Nutrition status evaluation results in the whole nation show have the whole year 44 lakes to be eutrophic state, account for and estimate 52.4% of lake sum that all the other lakes are middle nutritional status.Lake protection and pollution control have become the emphasis of China environmental protection, strengthen pollutant sources and be controlled at the impetus of having contained to a certain extent pollution and the deterioration of the ecological environment, but according to China Environmental State Bulletin in 2009, the situation of lake pollution and degeneration allows of no optimist, whole nation surface water pollution is still heavier, in state's controlling/monitoring section in Taihu Lake, Dian Chi and Chaohu, main contamination index is ammonia nitrogen, five-day BOD and petroleum-type; 9 emphasis states of other large-scale freshwater lake monitoring are controlled in the large-scale freshwater lake, and the main contamination index in each lake is total nitrogen and total phosphorus.The removal of the polluters such as water body in lake ammonia nitrogen and eutrophic water body are repaired still arduousness of task.
Domestic research aspect microbiological fuel cell is only external late 3,4 years, and little in the gap of the aspects such as electrogenesis amount, device structure.Chinese patent application number is that 200910041236.9 patent of invention discloses a kind of sediment in-situ and cuts down simultaneously method and the device of microorganism electricity generation, and this device utilizes the organic substance in the bed mud to be fuel, has realized producing electric energy when original position is cut down bed mud.But this device can not be repaired polluted water body, and because this device anode is embedded in the bed mud, and negative electrode is exposed in the air, the numerous and diverse meeting of this apparatus structure exerts an influence to lake, river course or pond original function.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of original position that solves eutrophic water body and repair the microbiological fuel cell of problem.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, provide following technical scheme:
The anode of MFC and negative electrode are linked to each other by wire and extrernal resistance or power device.Anode is embedded in the Sediments, and the oxidation reaction of bed mud organic matter produces electronics and proton, and electronics is delivered to negative electrode by predetermined approach (electrode), the hydroxide ion neutralization that proton is produced by anti-nitration reaction, so oxidation reaction is strengthened.Negative electrode is suspended from the water body, and the reduction reaction of electronics and proton produces water, and the nitration reaction of ammonia nitrogen satisfies it to the continuous demand of proton in the water body, so reduction reaction is also strengthened.
Described microbiological fuel cell is take carbonaceous material as electrode, and anode is embedded in the eutrophic water body bed muds such as lake, river course or pond, and negative electrode is suspended from the water body, and outer meeting resistance is 200～800 Ω.
The present invention incorporates microbial fuel cell unit with the water body denitrification technology, and its know-why is as follows:
Tradition microbiological fuel cell basic principle can represent with following reaction equation:
Anodic oxidation reactions: 1/6C
6H
12O
6+ H
2O → CO
2+ 4H
++ 4e
-(1)
Cathodic reduction reaction: 4H
++ 4e
-+ O
2→ 2H
2O (2)
Therefore, one of key of the lasting electrogenesis of MFC is the continuous consumption of anodic product " proton " and the continuous supply of cathode reactant " proton ".
Tradition water body denitrification technology, by aerobic nitrification and anaerobic denitrifying ammonia nitrogen is deviate from from water body with the form of nitrogen, be that ammonia nitrogen is under the effect of nitrite bacteria and nitrobacteria, be converted to nitrite and nitrate with oxygen as electron acceptor, then under the effect of anaerobic denitrifying bacterium, be converted into nitrogen take organic substance as electron donor generation reduction reaction, finish removing of nitrogen, reaction equation comprises:
NH
4 ++1.5O
2→NO
2 -+H
2O+2H
+ (3)
NO
2 -+0.5O
2→NO
3 - (4)
8NO
3 -+C
6H
12O
6→4N
2↑+6CO
2↑+2H
2O+8OH
- (5)
As seen, the ammonia of every oxidation 1mol produces the proton of 2mol simultaneously in the reaction (3), and every consumption 8mol nitrate anion produces the hydroxide ion of 8mol in the reaction (5).
Design feature and electrogenesis principle according to above-mentioned MFC, be that ammonia nitrogen and bed mud are rich in organic present situation in conjunction with main contamination index in the eutrophic water bodies such as lake, river course or pond, MFC and traditional water body denitrification technology are organically combined, take eutrophic water body as " cathode chamber ", utilize wherein ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen react (3), for cathodic reduction reaction continues to provide proton, during the nitrate anion that produces under the concentration gradient effect, constantly spread or be adsorbed onto in the bed mud; Take eutrophic water body bed muds such as lakes as " anode chamber ", utilize the nitrate anion that spreads or be adsorbed onto in the bed mud to react (5), constantly the proton of consumable anode bed mud Organic oxidation generation.Obviously, the combination of two kinds of technology can make the electricity generation process of MFC be strengthened.
Microbiological fuel cell provided by the invention can be applicable to the eutrophic water bodies such as lake, river course or pond, in the original position reparation of bed mud being carried out realize when original position is cut down water body.
Said method is not only carrying out realizing the original position reparation of water body when original position is cut down to bed mud, and produces synchronously electric energy, gives this water body recovery technique special practical value.
Microbiological fuel cell provided by the invention, its structure are specially adapted to river, lake or marine ecology reparation; Owing to without proton exchange membrane, therefore can greatly reduce the MFC cost; Can't realize in the situation of industrial applications that it is the not high underwater units power supply of power consumption that this MFC can take the lead at present MFC because efficiency of fuel cell generation is low.
Eutrophic water body control measures such as ecology dredging, water transfer drainage, the artificial oxygenations such as the present invention and present lake, deposit covers, and and the physics such as restoration of the ecosystem and biotechnology is compared, has many advantages: 1. can carry out the original position reparation of eutrophic water body, and be not only the removing Sediments; 2. have the nature compatibility, the technology main body is naturally occurring microbe, and is not only cheap and easy to get, and can survive at normal temperatures; 3. process environmental protection, the product of MFC are CO
2, N
2And water, energy wherein is converted into electricity, non-secondary pollution.4. apparatus of the present invention are simple in structure, and vacant too much space has the characteristics such as workable simultaneously.Key point of the present invention is by the MFC technology, realizes the synchronous processing that the eutrophic water body original positions such as lake, river course or pond are repaired and bed mud is removed, and produces valuable electric energy.Adopt the present invention to process the eutrophic water bodies such as lake, river course or pond, the COD in water body clearance is 31%～72%, and ammonia nitrogen removal frank is 44%～68%; The maximum efficiency of fuel cell generation of MFC is 8.3～92.6mW/m
2(with respect to annode area, lower same), the efficiency of fuel cell generation when stablizing is 5.2～71.9W/m
2
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Take circular carbon felt as electrode, anode and cathode is fixed by plastic tube, and electrode spacing is 15cm, and the ratio of anode and cathode electrode area is 1: 1, and the anode thing is taken from moon gulf, Taihu Lake bed mud, and the negative electrode thing is taken from the place TAIHU LAKE, and outer meeting resistance is 400 Ω, room temperature.The MFC device moves 28 days altogether, and Beijing Rui Bohua data acquisition unit timing acquiring voltage calculates efficiency of fuel cell generation thus; COD and ammonia-nitrogen content in the results of regular determination negative electrode thing calculate the two clearance thus.The result shows that the COD in water body clearance is 31%, and ammonia nitrogen removal frank is 44%; The maximum efficiency of fuel cell generation of MFC is 8.3mW/m
2, the efficiency of fuel cell generation when stablizing is 5.2mW/m
2
Embodiment 2
Take circular carbon felt as anode, with graphite disc negative electrode, anode and cathode is fixed by plastic tube, electrode spacing is 16cm, the ratio of anode and cathode electrode area is 1: 1, and the anode thing is taken from Wuxi Chang Guangxi bed mud (inland lake, Taihu Lake), and the negative electrode thing is taken from the place TAIHU LAKE, outer meeting resistance is 400 Ω, room temperature.The MFC device moves 28 days altogether, and Beijing Rui Bohua data acquisition unit timing acquiring voltage calculates efficiency of fuel cell generation thus; COD and ammonia-nitrogen content in the results of regular determination negative electrode thing calculate the two clearance thus.The result shows that the COD in water body clearance is 56%, and ammonia nitrogen removal frank is 51%; The maximum efficiency of fuel cell generation of MFC is 12.9mW/m
2, the efficiency of fuel cell generation when stablizing is 7.0mW/m
2
Embodiment 3
Take circular carbon felt as anode, take the graphite disc as negative electrode, anode and cathode is fixed by plastic tube, electrode spacing is 12cm, and the ratio of anode and cathode electrode area is 1.2: 1, and the anode thing is taken from the Wuxi creek river bottom mud of burning joss sticks, the negative electrode thing is taken from river course, place water, and outer meeting resistance is 200 Ω, room temperature.The MFC device moves 35 days altogether, and Beijing Rui Bohua data acquisition unit timing acquiring voltage calculates efficiency of fuel cell generation thus; COD and ammonia-nitrogen content in the results of regular determination negative electrode thing calculate the two clearance thus.The result shows that the COD in water body clearance is 72%, and ammonia nitrogen removal frank is 68%; The maximum efficiency of fuel cell generation of MFC is 92.6mW/m
2, the efficiency of fuel cell generation when stablizing is 71.9mW/m
2
Embodiment 4
Take circular carbon felt as electrode, anode and cathode is fixed by plastic tube, and electrode spacing is 15cm, and the ratio of anode and cathode electrode area is 1: 1, and the anode thing is taken from sediment of pond in the university of Wuxi, and the negative electrode thing is taken from the place pond water, and outer meeting resistance is 800 Ω, room temperature.The MFC device moves 22 days altogether, and Beijing Rui Bohua data acquisition unit timing acquiring voltage calculates efficiency of fuel cell generation thus; COD and ammonia-nitrogen content in the results of regular determination negative electrode thing calculate the two clearance thus.The result shows that the COD in water body clearance is 39%, and ammonia nitrogen removal frank is 47%; The maximum efficiency of fuel cell generation of MFC is 9.6mW/m
2, the efficiency of fuel cell generation when stablizing is 6.3mW/m
2
Although the present invention discloses above embodiment; but it is not to limit the present invention, any person skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; all can do various changes and modification, so protection scope of the present invention should be with being as the criterion that claims were defined.
Claims (6)
1. a microbiological fuel cell is characterized in that, anode is embedded in the bed mud, and negative electrode is placed in the eutrophic water body, and anode and negative electrode are linked to each other by wire and extrernal resistance or power device; Microbe under anaerobic utilizes organic electronics and the proton of producing in the bed mud; Electronics is delivered to negative electrode by wire and extrernal resistance or power device.
2. fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that, proton is by the neutralization of the hydroxide ion in the bed mud, and electronics is neutralized by the proton in the water body.
3. fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that, anode is circular carbon felt, and negative electrode is the graphite disc.
4. according to fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that extrernal resistance is 200～800 Ω.
5. the as claimed in claim 1 application of microbiological fuel cell is characterized in that, the original position reparation of lake, river course or pond eutrophic water body is cut down or be used for to the original position that is used for lake, river course or sediment of pond.
6. the according to claim 5 application of described microbiological fuel cell is characterized in that, the electric current that microbiological fuel cell produces can be under water power device and Landscape Lighting power supply.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102563366A CN101924227B (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2010-08-18 | Microbial fuel cell and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102563366A CN101924227B (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2010-08-18 | Microbial fuel cell and application thereof |
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| CN101924227B true CN101924227B (en) | 2013-04-17 |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102249424A (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2011-11-23 | 大连民族学院 | Proton exchange membrane-free microbiological fuel cell sewage treatment system and application method thereof |
| CN103224313B (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-01-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Sediment in-situ treatment device and method utilizing microbial fuel cell |
| CN103395891B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-01-28 | 东南大学 | Microbial fuel cell type three-dimensional combined ecological floating bed device and application thereof |
| CN104176836B (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-08-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The microorganism electrochemical device of a kind of in-situ immobilization polluted-water and bed mud and the method for in-situ immobilization polluted-water and bed mud |
| CN104829076B (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2016-09-07 | 福州大学 | A kind of method of black smelly bed mud recycling treatment in polluted water body |
| CN108640291A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-12 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of electric microfield water purification installation for lake |
| CN108751644B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2023-09-15 | 榆林学院 | Urban sludge cracking and energy conversion device and urban sludge treatment method |
| CN109585891A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-04-05 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of bottom mud microbe fuel cell by buoyancy automatic adjustment cathode Board position |
| CN111072130A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-04-28 | 李品 | Water area treatment method for power generation or discharge by using river bottom sludge and biological battery |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1364146A (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2002-08-14 | 韩国科学技术研究院 | Biofuel cell using wastewater and active sludge for wastewater treatment |
| CN101615685A (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2009-12-30 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | A kind of sediment in-situ is cut down the method and the device of microorganism electricity generation simultaneously |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090047567A1 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2009-02-19 | Sony Corporation | Biofuel cell, method for producing the same, electronic apparatus, enzyme-immobilized electrode, and method for producing the same |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1364146A (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2002-08-14 | 韩国科学技术研究院 | Biofuel cell using wastewater and active sludge for wastewater treatment |
| CN101615685A (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2009-12-30 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | A kind of sediment in-situ is cut down the method and the device of microorganism electricity generation simultaneously |
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