CN101924196A - Method for greatly improving reversible capacity of graphite - Google Patents

Method for greatly improving reversible capacity of graphite Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101924196A
CN101924196A CN2009100120765A CN200910012076A CN101924196A CN 101924196 A CN101924196 A CN 101924196A CN 2009100120765 A CN2009100120765 A CN 2009100120765A CN 200910012076 A CN200910012076 A CN 200910012076A CN 101924196 A CN101924196 A CN 101924196A
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graphite
reversible capacity
nano silicon
powder
carbon
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CN101924196B (en
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侯鹏翔
英哲
刘畅
线全刚
成会明
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a technique for greatly improving the electrochemical performance of graphite, in particular to a method for greatly improving reversible capacity of graphite. The method comprises the following steps of: after carbon is deposited on the surface of nano silicon sphere powder by chemical vapor deposition, mixing silicon powder coated with the carbon and the graphite, namely uniformly coating a carbon layer on the surface of the nano silicon sphere powder by a chemical vapor deposition method, wherein the weight of the carbon layer is 5 to 40 percent; mixing the nano silicon sphere powder coated with the carbon layer and the graphite, wherein the weight of the nano silicon sphere powder is 5 to 20 percent; and preparing a lithium ion battery cathode. The method can greatly improve the reversible capacity of the graphite by adding a little amount of nano silicon sphere powder after the carbon is deposited, improve the primary reversible capacity of the lithium ion battery cathode by 50 to 300 percent compared with the graphite, keep high coulomb efficiency and long cyclic life of the graphite and solve the problems of low reversible capacity, low pure silicon powder coulomb efficiency, poor cyclic life and the like of the current graphite.

Description

A kind of method that increases substantially reversible capacity of graphite
Technical field
The present invention relates to increase substantially the technology of graphite electrochemistry performance, be specially a kind of method that increases substantially reversible capacity of graphite, behind nano silicon spheres powder surface chemistry vapour deposition charcoal, the silica flour that is surrounded by charcoal is mixed with graphite, the reversible capacity first of graphite 50-200% be can be improved, and the high enclosed pasture efficient and the long circulation life of graphite kept.
Background technology
The energy is the important substance basis of human social development, but fossil energy storages such as coal, oil and natural gas fall sharply and make the mankind face the pressure of resource exhaustion, and problem of environmental pollution also is on the rise simultaneously.Therefore, the energy and environmental problem have become the focus that countries in the world are paid close attention to.Improve energy use efficiency, development and use regenerative resource, preserve the ecological environment, realize that sustainable development has become national governments and scientific research personnel's common objective and problem.Say that strategically the exploitation regenerative resource is solve energy problem basic, so the research work of this respect has been subjected to extensive concern, lithium ion battery is an important branch in the regenerative resource.
The lithium ion secondary battery negative pole graphite material, cheap and have high enclosed pasture efficient and long cycle life; Yet its theoretical reversible capacity only is 372mAh/g, and the best reversible capacity of report is 350mAh/g.The theoretical reversible capacity of silicon is 4200mAh/g, and the experiment value of report is 3700mAh/g, but all non-constant of its coulomb efficient and cycle life, this has hindered its practical application.(document 1, document 2, Ryu Jh, Kim JVV, Sung YE, Oh SM.Electrochem.Solid State Lett.7:A306 (2004)) present subject matter is: how under the prerequisite that improves the graphite cathode material price not significantly, increase substantially its reversible capacity and keep its coulombic efficiency and long cycle life preferably.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that increases substantially the graphite cathode material reversible capacity, and keep high enclosed pasture efficient of graphite and long cycle life, solve and have that reversible capacity of graphite is low now, problems such as the enclosed pasture efficient of silicon and cycle life difference.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of method that increases substantially reversible capacity of graphite, at first, the method by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is at nano silicon spheres powder coated with uniform charcoal layer, and charcoal layer weight wherein accounts for 5-40% (preferable range is 10-30%); The nano silicon spheres powder that will be coated with the charcoal layer again mixes with graphite, and nano silicon spheres grain weight amount wherein accounts for 5-20% (preferable range is 10-15%), makes lithium ion battery negative; The reversible capacity first of lithium ion battery negative improves 50-300% than graphite, and keeps the high enclosed pasture efficient and the long circulation life of graphite.
The method of described chemical vapour deposition (CVD), process is as follows: nano silicon spheres powder (the ball-type silica flour of average diameter 20-100 nanometer) is placed in the chemical gaseous phase stove, is carrier gas with argon gas or nitrogen, and flow rate of carrier gas is 100-500ml/ minute; Under argon gas or nitrogen protection, temperature in the chemical gaseous phase stove is risen to 600-900 ℃ with 2-20 ℃/minute heating rate; Feed carbon-source gas (gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane, acetylene, ethene or propylene, the volumetric concentration of carbon-source gas is 1-20%) again and carry out chemical vapour deposition (CVD), the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) time is 10 minutes-3 hours, and pressure is normal pressure.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, the inventive method is simple, carbon evenly can be coated on the surface of nano silicon spheres powder once the step chemical vapour deposition (CVD).
2, the present invention can accurately be controlled at the surface coated carbon content of nano silicon spheres powder by accurately controlling the condition of chemical vapour deposition (CVD).
3, the present invention is by accurately controlling the condition of chemical vapour deposition (CVD), coat the skim charcoal on nano silicon spheres powder surface, the percentage by weight of carbon is accurately controlled between 5-40%, this layer charcoal both can increase the conductivity of silica flour, therefore can certain restriction be arranged to the volumetric expansion of silicon when lithium ion embeds again, it is helpful raising to be contained the efficient first and the cyclical stability of silicon composite cathode.
4, the present invention adds the nano silicon spheres powder that (5-20wt%) on a small quantity is coated with the charcoal layer, can increase substantially the reversible capacity of graphite, the reversible capacity of graphite can be improved 50-300%, and graphite enclosed pasture efficient and long cycle life have preferably been kept, enclosed pasture efficient is about 90% first, 20 times the circulation volume conservation rate is about 60% greater than 80%, 40 circulation volume conservation rate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. be coated with the stereoscan photograph of the nano silicon spheres powder of charcoal layer.
Fig. 2. carbon nano silicon spheres powder mixes the cyclic curve of making behind the negative pole with graphite.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1.
With average diameter is that the silicon ball powder of 20 nanometers is placed in the vertical reacting furnace, with the argon gas is carrier gas (flow velocity is 300ml/ minute), be raised to 700 ℃ with 10 ℃/minute heating rates, feed acetylene gas, under this temperature, carry out chemical vapour deposition (CVD), sedimentation time is 15 minutes, and the acetylene volumetric concentration is 5%.Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is closed acetylene gas after finishing, and drops to room temperature in argon shield.Transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis show, in nano silicon spheres powder coated with uniform the charcoal layer, the carbon content that coats under this condition is 10wt%, this kind carbon nano silicon spheres powder is evenly mixed with 1: 9 ratio of weight ratio with graphite, make lithium ion battery negative material, stereoscan photograph as shown in Figure 1.The reversible capacity first of lithium ion battery negative material is 600mAh/g, and enclosed pasture efficient is that 90%, 40 circulation volume conservation rate is 61%
Embodiment 2.
With average diameter is that the silicon ball powder of 60 nanometers is placed in the vertical reacting furnace, with nitrogen is carrier gas (flow velocity is 300ml/ minute), be raised to 700 ℃ with 5 ℃/minute heating rates, feed acetylene gas, under this temperature, carry out chemical vapour deposition (CVD), sedimentation time is 45 minutes, and the acetylene volumetric concentration is 5%.Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is closed acetylene gas after finishing, and drops to room temperature in argon shield.Transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis show, at nano silicon spheres powder coated with uniform charcoal layer, the carbon content that coats under this condition is 25wt%, this kind carbon nano silicon spheres powder is evenly mixed with 1: 9 ratio of weight ratio with graphite, make lithium ion battery negative material, its charge and discharge cycles curve as shown in Figure 2.The reversible capacity first of lithium ion battery negative material is 670mAh/g, and enclosed pasture efficient is that 91%, 40 circulation volume conservation rate is 62%.
Embodiment 3.
With average diameter is that the silicon ball powder of 50 nanometers is placed in the vertical reacting furnace, with nitrogen is carrier gas (flow velocity is 300ml/ minute), be raised to 800 ℃ with 20 ℃/minute heating rates, feed ethylene gas, under this temperature, carry out chemical vapour deposition (CVD), sedimentation time is 30 minutes, and volume of ethylene concentration is 2%.Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is closed ethylene gas after finishing, and drops to room temperature in argon shield.Transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis show that at nano silicon spheres powder coated with uniform charcoal layer, the carbon content that coats under this condition is 18wt%, and this kind carbon nano silicon spheres powder is evenly mixed with 1: 9 ratio of weight ratio with graphite, makes lithium ion battery negative material.The reversible capacity first of lithium ion battery negative material is 700mAh/g, and enclosed pasture efficient is that 92%, 20 circulation volume conservation rate is 81%.
Embodiment 4.
With average diameter is that the silicon ball powder of 50 nanometers is placed in the vertical reacting furnace, with nitrogen is carrier gas (flow velocity is 300ml/ minute), be raised to 800 ℃ with 15 ℃/minute heating rates, feed ethylene gas, under this temperature, carry out chemical vapour deposition (CVD), sedimentation time is 1 hour, and volume of ethylene concentration is 20%.Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is closed ethylene gas after finishing, and drops to room temperature in argon shield.Transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis show that at nano silicon spheres powder coated with uniform charcoal layer, the carbon content that coats under this condition is 30wt%, and this kind carbon nano silicon spheres powder is evenly mixed with 2: 8 ratio of weight ratio with graphite, makes lithium ion battery negative material.The reversible capacity first of lithium ion battery negative material is 1200mAh/g, and enclosed pasture efficient is that 90.6%, 40 circulation volume conservation rate is 58%.
Embodiment 5
With average diameter is that the silicon ball powder of 30 nanometers is placed in the vertical reacting furnace, with the argon gas is carrier gas (flow velocity is 200ml/ minute), be raised to 600 ℃ with 15 ℃/minute heating rates, feed acetylene gas, under this temperature, carry out chemical vapour deposition (CVD), sedimentation time is 30 minutes, and the acetylene volumetric concentration is 10%.Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is closed acetylene gas after finishing, and drops to room temperature in argon shield.Transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis show that at nano silicon spheres powder coated with uniform charcoal layer, the carbon content that coats under this condition is 17wt%, and this kind carbon nano silicon spheres powder is evenly mixed with 15: 85 ratio of weight ratio with graphite, makes lithium ion battery negative material.The reversible capacity first of lithium ion battery negative material is 950mAh/g, and enclosed pasture efficient is that 90.1%, 20 circulation volume conservation rate is 80%.
Embodiment 6
With average diameter is that the silicon ball powder of 100 nanometers is placed in the vertical reacting furnace, with the argon gas is carrier gas (flow velocity is 400ml/ minute), be raised to 900 ℃ with 20 ℃/minute heating rates, feed propylene gas, under this temperature, carry out chemical vapour deposition (CVD), sedimentation time is 3 hours, and the propine volumetric concentration is 10%.Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is closed propylene gas after finishing, and drops to room temperature in argon shield.Transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis show that at nano silicon spheres powder coated with uniform charcoal layer, the carbon content that coats under this condition is 40wt%, and this kind carbon nano silicon spheres powder is evenly mixed with 5: 95 ratio of weight ratio with graphite, makes lithium ion battery negative material.The reversible capacity first of lithium ion battery negative material is 450mAh/g, and enclosed pasture efficient is that 89.9%, 40 circulation volume conservation rate is 60%.
Embodiment result shows, the present invention can accurately be controlled at the charcoal amount and the degree of crystallinity of nano silicon spheres powder surface deposition by heating rate, time, the carbon source concentration of optimizing chemical vapour deposition (CVD), with carbon nano silicon spheres powder with can increase substantially the reversible capacity of graphite after graphite mixes, and kept the high enclosed pasture efficient and the long cycle life of graphite.

Claims (6)

1. method that increases substantially reversible capacity of graphite is characterized in that: at first, the method by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is at nano silicon spheres powder coated with uniform charcoal layer, and wherein charcoal layer weight accounts for 5-40%; The nano silicon spheres powder that will be coated with the charcoal layer again mixes with graphite, and nano silicon spheres grain weight amount wherein accounts for 5-20%, makes lithium ion battery negative; The reversible capacity first of lithium ion battery negative improves 50-300% than graphite, and keeps the high enclosed pasture efficient and the long circulation life of graphite.
2. according to the described method that increases substantially reversible capacity of graphite of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method for described chemical vapour deposition (CVD), process is as follows: the nano silicon spheres powder is placed in the chemical gaseous phase stove, with argon gas or nitrogen is carrier gas, and flow rate of carrier gas is 100-500ml/ minute; Under argon gas or nitrogen protection, temperature in the chemical gaseous phase stove is risen to 600-900 ℃; Feed carbon-source gas again and carry out chemical vapour deposition (CVD), the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) time is 10 minutes-3 hours, thereby at nano silicon spheres powder surface deposition charcoal layer.
3. according to the described method that increases substantially reversible capacity of graphite of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described nano silicon spheres powder is the ball-type silica flour of average diameter 20-100 nanometer.
4. according to the described method that increases substantially reversible capacity of graphite of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described chemical gaseous phase stove is vertical reacting furnace.
5. according to the described method that increases substantially reversible capacity of graphite of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described temperature in the chemical gaseous phase stove is risen in the 600-900 ℃ of process, the speed of intensification is 2-20 ℃/minute.
6. according to the described method that increases substantially reversible capacity of graphite of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described carbon-source gas is meant gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane, acetylene, ethene or propylene; The volumetric concentration of described carbon-source gas is 1-20%.
CN200910012076A 2009-06-17 2009-06-17 Method for greatly improving reversible capacity of graphite Expired - Fee Related CN101924196B (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102394288A (en) * 2011-11-24 2012-03-28 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 Silicon-carbon cathode material for lithium ion battery and manufacturing method thereof
CN102394287A (en) * 2011-11-24 2012-03-28 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 Silicon-carbon negative electrode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN103219494A (en) * 2013-03-31 2013-07-24 马军昌 Preparation method of graphite-ferroferric oxide composite cathode material
CN103972507A (en) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-06 比亚迪股份有限公司 Negative pole active substance, negative pole piece, pulse buffer single battery containing negative pole piece, pulse buffer battery pack and power battery module
CN107293719A (en) * 2017-06-26 2017-10-24 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 Preparation method of silicon-carbon composite material for lithium ion battery cathode
CN108172781A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-06-15 浙江大学 A kind of Si-C composite material of Argent grain doping and its preparation method and application
CN112510185A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-03-16 南通路远科技信息有限公司 Silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material and manufacturing method thereof
CN115472809A (en) * 2022-10-26 2022-12-13 晖阳(贵州)新能源材料有限公司 Preparation method of graphite composite material with high first-time efficiency

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JP4393610B2 (en) * 1999-01-26 2010-01-06 日本コークス工業株式会社 Negative electrode material for lithium secondary battery, lithium secondary battery, and charging method of the secondary battery
CN100422112C (en) * 2005-07-08 2008-10-01 中国科学院物理研究所 Carbon-silicon composite material with spherical nucleocapsid, and its preparing method and use
CN101265571A (en) * 2008-04-23 2008-09-17 华东理工大学 Lithium ionic cell cathode silicon based compound material preparation method

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102394288A (en) * 2011-11-24 2012-03-28 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 Silicon-carbon cathode material for lithium ion battery and manufacturing method thereof
CN102394287A (en) * 2011-11-24 2012-03-28 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 Silicon-carbon negative electrode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN103972507A (en) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-06 比亚迪股份有限公司 Negative pole active substance, negative pole piece, pulse buffer single battery containing negative pole piece, pulse buffer battery pack and power battery module
CN103972507B (en) * 2013-01-30 2016-09-07 比亚迪股份有限公司 A kind of negative electrode active material, negative plate and pulse buffer cell, battery pack and power battery module containing this negative plate
CN103219494A (en) * 2013-03-31 2013-07-24 马军昌 Preparation method of graphite-ferroferric oxide composite cathode material
CN107293719A (en) * 2017-06-26 2017-10-24 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 Preparation method of silicon-carbon composite material for lithium ion battery cathode
CN107293719B (en) * 2017-06-26 2020-03-20 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 Preparation method of silicon-carbon composite material for lithium ion battery cathode
CN108172781A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-06-15 浙江大学 A kind of Si-C composite material of Argent grain doping and its preparation method and application
CN112510185A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-03-16 南通路远科技信息有限公司 Silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material and manufacturing method thereof
CN115472809A (en) * 2022-10-26 2022-12-13 晖阳(贵州)新能源材料有限公司 Preparation method of graphite composite material with high first-time efficiency
CN115472809B (en) * 2022-10-26 2023-09-01 晖阳(贵州)新能源材料有限公司 Preparation method of graphite composite material with high first efficiency

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