Background technique
Bearing shell is a kind of element that is used to protect axle.The main effect of sliding bearing has: 1, supporting axle and parts on shaft, the running accuracy of retainer shaft; 2, the friction and wear between minimizing rotating shaft and the supporting.For the occasion that needs subdivision on high speed, heavy duty, highi degree of accuracy, the structure, need to adopt sliding bearing, as steam turbine, centrifugal compressor, internal-combustion engine, large-size machine etc.The part that plays the bearing journal effect in the bearing is a bearing shell, so bearing shell is the strength member in the sliding bearing.The performance quality of bearing shell directly affects the performance of motor.Along with internal-combustion engine at a high speed, highly carry, the environmental protection direction develops, and the bearing shell performance demands is improved constantly, and requires bearing shell that high bearing capacity and fatigue resistance are not only arranged, and has good wear resistance, corrosion resistance simultaneously.In recent years, along with expanding economy, people constantly increase the demand of automobile, and the pollution problem of environment more and more is subjected to people's attention.Along with the enhancing of people's environmental protection consciousness, internal-combustion engine also will have the favorable environment protection energy to bearing shell.
Generally be made up of base layer, nickel-barrier layer and the antifriction layer of the steel back layer that sets gradually, Cuprum alloy on its structural type of traditional copper alloy bearing-bush, wherein base layer is on steel back layer, and nickel-barrier layer is plated on the base layer, and the antifriction layer is plated on the nickel-barrier layer.The antifriction layer generally adopts slicker solder copper (PbSnCu) ternary alloy.This bearing shell can satisfy the basic demand of motor to a certain extent, but be applied on the internal-combustion engine of reinforcement, because the fatigue resistance of antifriction layer is low, can not satisfy the development need of car combustion engine, the fatigue resistance of bearing shell, corrosion resistance and wear resistance all have much room for improvement.Simultaneously owing to contain poisonous metal element such as lead in the bearing shell, bearing shell produces certain destruction to environment, does not have the environment protection type performance, does not meet the development need of society.
Traditional bearing bush antifriction layer generally forms by the electric plating method deposition.This plating is in the process of producing, and is very harmful to environment and operator, and electroplates its performance requirement of bearing shell that comes out and have certain narrow limitation such as consistency, fatigue resistance and wear resistance all unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bearing shell of good compactness, fatigue resistance height, high abrasion resistance and environmental protection of coating with vacuum sputtering plating layer.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of production to have the method for the bearing shell of vacuum sputtering plating layer, makes the bearing shell of producing have highly anti-fatigue intensity, high bearing capacity, performance that wear resistance is good, environmental protection.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of bearing shell with vacuum sputtering plating layer, comprise the steel back layer, base layer, nickel-barrier layer and the antifriction layer that set gradually, it is characterized in that: described antifriction layer is made of high tin-aluminum alloy, percentage composition calculates by weight, the proportioning of each element of high tin-aluminum alloy is: tin 17.5-22.5%, copper 0.7-1.3%, all the other are aluminium.
The proportioning of described each element of high tin-aluminum alloy is: tin 17.5%, and copper 1.3%, all the other are aluminium; The proportioning of perhaps described each element of high tin-aluminum alloy is: tin 22.5%, and copper 0.7%, all the other are aluminium; The proportioning of perhaps described each element of high tin-aluminum alloy is: tin 20%, and copper 1%, all the other are aluminium.
The thickness of described antifriction layer is 15-20 μ m.
A kind ofly produce aforesaid method, it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps with bearing shell of vacuum sputtering plating layer:
1) with the pre-pretreatment of bearing shell matrix, be installed to then in the sputtering equipment, sputtering equipment inside is evacuated down to setting value;
2) adopting ion power supply that ion is carried out on the bearing shell surface under the vacuum condition of aforementioned setting cleans;
3) between bearing shell matrix and target, set up the horizontal quadrature electromagnetic field, wherein electric field provides electric field energy by a direct current grid bias power supply, dc bias power is adjustable continuously from 50V-900V, pulse frequency is adjustable continuously from 10%-85%, magnetic field provides magnetic field energy by a magnetic control power supply, and the magnetic control power supply is that direct magnetic control power supply and its value are adjustable continuously from 100V-900V;
4) to the inner headed face sputter nickel-barrier layer of bearing shell matrix, the bearing shell matrix is for by casting or be sintered to copper base alloy on the steel back layer, target is that purity is 99.9% nickel rake, the horizontal quadrature electromagnetic field is added power supply, the crossed electric and magnetic field of level is bombarded target, deposit to the bearing shell internal circular surfaces after the neutral particle of target is hit, forming one deck rete is nickel-barrier layer;
5) after step 4 is finished, sputter high tin-aluminum alloy antifriction layer on nickel-barrier layer, nickel-barrier layer is the nickel-barrier layer of step 4), and target is that purity is 99.9% AlSn
20Cu adds power supply to the horizontal quadrature electromagnetic field, and the crossed electric and magnetic field of level is bombarded target, and the neutral particle of target is deposited to after hitting on the face of bearing shell internal circular surfaces nickel-barrier layer, and forming one deck rete is AlSn
20Cu antifriction layer;
6) after cooling off, take out bearing shell.
Add inert gas in the horizontal quadrature electromagnetic field in step 4), step 5), described inert gas is argon gas or the helium of purity more than 99.99%.In step 4), step 5), the permanent magnet in target and the magnetic field is carried out cooling processing with water-cooling pattern.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) adopts the mode of vacuum splashing and plating bearing shell coating, and the good compactness of the bearing shell coating of being produced is observed under metallurgical microscope or analyzed by the contrast experiment, and its consistency is better than traditional plating antifriction layer greatly; Fatigue resistance is very high, and through test bed testing, its fatigue resistance is better than traditional coating greatly at 110-130MPa; Wear-resistance of bearing pad is good, is more than the twice of lead-tin-copper alloy coating; Hardness is also higher, is 2-3 times that water plates the coating hardness of producing.
(2) environmental protection.Poisonous elements such as coating itself is not leaded, thereby bearing shell has good environmental-protecting performance; The deposition process of coating also is environmental protection, and deposition process is not to carry out in water, but carries out under high vacuum environment, and whole process only need add vector gas argon gas or helium, can not damage environment; To the healthy of people also is environmental protection, and whole process just needs manually to carry out in the process of dress watt and following watt, and other all process steps all can adopt automatic intelligent control.
(3) adopt production of the present invention to have the method for the bearing shell of vacuum sputtering plating layer, almost can obtain thin film by the method for vacuum splashing and plating to all materials, broken through the narrow limitation of electroplating, because electroplating the chemical property be subjected to influence of various factors, particularly metal has limited a lot of materials and can't form coating by the mode of electroplating.
(4) add inert gas in the horizontal quadrature electromagnetic field in step 4), step 5), as argon gas or the helium of purity more than 99.99%, the adding of inert gas, increased the time and the probability of each ion in the crossed electric and magnetic field, electron collision, helped sputter and carry out effect with sputter smoothly.
Be below the bearing shell with vacuum sputtering plating layer of the present invention compared with the prior art the concrete contrast of the bearing shell of example see Table 1.
The performance of table 1 the present invention and comparative example compares:
The fatigue resistance of antifriction layer material adopts " sapphire fatigue test board " test in the table 1.
Adopt " wear testing machine " contrast test by wearability, as can be known, the fatigue resistance (MPa) of the present invention's antifriction layer material, the good compactness of coating, the fatigue resistance height of whole bearing shell, wearability are good.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes the base layer 2 that steel back layer 1 and copper base alloy are made, base layer 2 is arranged on the steel back layer 1, vacuum splashing and plating one deck nickel-barrier layer 3 on base layer 2, and the thickness of nickel-barrier layer 3 is 1-3 μ m, vacuum splashing and plating one deck antifriction layer 4 on nickel-barrier layer 3.The material of antifriction layer 4 is high tin-aluminum alloy, i.e. AlSn
20Cu, AlSn
20Cu percentage composition by weight calculates its composition than being Sn:17.5-22.5%, Cu:0.7-1.3%, and the Al surplus, its thickness is 15-20 μ m.Copper base alloy base layer 2 can or be sintered on the steel back layer 1 by casting.The fatigue resistance of antifriction layer 4 can reach 110-130MPa.
Embodiment one:
The proportioning of each element of high tin-aluminum alloy is: tin 17.5%, and copper 1.3%, all the other are aluminium.
Embodiment two:
The proportioning of each element of high tin-aluminum alloy is: tin 22.5%, and copper 0.7%, all the other are aluminium.
Embodiment three:
The proportioning of each element of high tin-aluminum alloy is: tin 20%, and copper 1%, all the other are aluminium.
A kind ofly make above-mentioned method, may further comprise the steps with bearing shell of vacuum sputtering plating layer:
1) with the pre-pretreatment of bearing shell matrix, be installed to then in the sputtering equipment, sputtering equipment inside is evacuated down to setting value;
2) adopting ion power supply that ion is carried out on the bearing shell surface under the vacuum condition of aforementioned setting cleans;
3) between bearing shell matrix and target, set up the horizontal quadrature electromagnetic field, wherein electric field provides electric field energy by a direct current grid bias power supply, dc bias power is adjustable continuously from 50V-900V, pulse frequency is adjustable continuously from 10%-85%, magnetic field provides magnetic field energy by a magnetic control power supply, and the magnetic control power supply is that direct magnetic control power supply and its value are adjustable continuously from 100V-900V;
4) to the inner headed face sputter nickel-barrier layer of bearing shell matrix, the bearing shell matrix is for by casting or be sintered to copper base alloy on the steel back layer, target is that purity is 99.9% nickel rake, the horizontal quadrature electromagnetic field is added power supply, the crossed electric and magnetic field of level is bombarded target, deposit to the bearing shell internal circular surfaces after the neutral particle of target is hit, forming one deck rete is nickel-barrier layer;
5) after step 4) is finished on nickel-barrier layer sputter high tin-aluminum alloy antifriction layer, nickel-barrier layer is the nickel-barrier layer of step 4), target is that purity is 99.9% AlSn
20Cu adds power supply to the horizontal quadrature electromagnetic field, and the crossed electric and magnetic field of level is bombarded target, and the neutral particle of target is deposited to after hitting on the face of bearing shell internal circular surfaces nickel-barrier layer, and forming one deck rete is AlSn
20Cu antifriction layer;
6) after cooling off, take out bearing shell.
Add inert gas in the horizontal quadrature electromagnetic field in step 4), step 5), described inert gas is argon gas or the helium of purity more than 99.99%.
In step 4), step 5), the permanent magnet in target and the magnetic field is carried out cooling processing with water-cooling pattern.