CN101920384B - Tungsten electrode inert gas protected welding gun in double-layered airflow structure - Google Patents
Tungsten electrode inert gas protected welding gun in double-layered airflow structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN101920384B CN101920384B CN2009100119359A CN200910011935A CN101920384B CN 101920384 B CN101920384 B CN 101920384B CN 2009100119359 A CN2009100119359 A CN 2009100119359A CN 200910011935 A CN200910011935 A CN 200910011935A CN 101920384 B CN101920384 B CN 101920384B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, in particular to a tungsten electrode insert gas protected welding gun in a double-layered airflow structure, which is suitable for a TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding process and solves the problems of shallow weld penetration and easy tungsten electrode oxidation and burning under the protection of mixed gases of common TIG welding. A gun body of the welding gun is internally provided with a gas splitter which is internally provided with an inner layer gas passage, and an outer layer of the gun body is provided with an outer layer gas passage. The double-layered airflow structure of the welding gun is characterized in that a traditional TIG welding gun with a single gas passage is changed and designed into double layer air passages, a pure inert gas is adopted as the inner layer gas to protect the electrode, a mixed gas of the inert gas and an active gas is adopted as the outer layer gas, active components are transited to a melting bath to change a heat transfer convection mode of the melting bath and deepen the depth of the melting bath. The welding gun can increases the depth of the TIG welding melting bath by 2-3 times compared with the common arc welding, simultaneously avoid the tungsten electrode from being oxidized and burnt and improve the welding efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding technology field, be specially a kind of tungsten electrode inert gas protected welding gun of double-layered airflow structure, it is to improve TIG weldering pool depth and the novel welding gun that prevents anodizing.
Background technology
It is stable that gas tungsten arc welding (TIG) has welding process, protects effective advantage, is used widely, is specially adapted to the welding of stainless steel, titanium alloy and non-ferrous metal.The deficiency that it exists is that the tungsten electrode current-carrying is limited, and pool depth (fusion penetration) is shallow, and the ratio (depth-to-width ratio) of pool depth and width is merely about 0.2 usually, and single track can weld thickness to be had only about 3mm.Even if strengthen welding conditions (big electric current, low velocity), the increase of pool width can not solve the shallow fusion penetration problem of TIG weldering also much larger than the increase of pool depth.This is for increasing the weldering plate thickness, and it is unfavorable to improve welding efficiency.The heavy casting and forging production domesticization is the vital task that China's heavy-duty machine industry is badly in need of solution; The heavy casting and forging of tens tons and even up to a hundred tons of weights can not be scrapped because defective is forged in common casting, and the high efficiency Research on Welding Technology is significant for the Repair Welding efficient and the yield rate that improve heavy casting and forging.
For solving the shallow fusion penetration problem of TIG weldering, the sixties in 20th century, Soviet Union's crust institute of welding was at first studied activating agent (Active Flux) solder technology (A-TIG), promptly after test plate (panel) surface-coated activating agent, welded, to increase fusion penetration.
The activating agent welding can make TIG welding pool depth-to-width ratio double, and has increased one procedure but apply activating agent before the weldering for welding, and the postwelding face of weld is heaped slag easily, has increased cleaning work.In addition, the molten bath pattern is comparatively responsive to the activating agent coated weight, and under different occasions, accurately controls the activating agent coated weight than difficulty.This industrialization for A-TIG is an obstacle, needs to change the adding mode of active element.There is research work to propose in Ar base protective gas, to add trace active gas O
2, substitute and apply activating agent, welding seam deep width ratio is brought up to more than 0.5 by 0.2.In the He base, add trace active gas O
2, make the depth-to-width ratio in molten bath reach more than 1.0.The mist Combined Protection welder skill that in inert gas, adds trace active gas; Effectively avoided sensitiveness and the face of weld scarfing cinder operation of activating agent welding procedure to the activating agent coated weight; But in welding of stainless steel parts and heavy castings process of patch weld, find that there is oxidative phenomena in electrode.
See that from practical application the pattern of activating agent welding pool is relatively more responsive to the activating agent coated weight, Ar-O
2, He-O
2The hybrid protection welder plants and causes anodizing easily, solves the stability of activating agent welding pool pattern, improves the protection effect of TIG welding process tungsten electrode, and further improving the molten bath depth-to-width ratio is to enlarge TIG welder's industry range of application and the key that improves welding efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tungsten electrode inert gas protected welding gun of double-layered airflow structure, solve the problem that the more shallow and mixed gas protected tungsten electrode down of existing general T IG welding penetration is prone to oxidization burning loss.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of tungsten electrode inert gas protected welding gun of double-layered airflow structure is equipped with gas diverter in the rifle body of this welding gun, offers the internal layer gas passage in the said gas diverter, and said rifle volume surrounding is offered outer gas passage.
Said rifle body one side successively water-cooled nozzle is installed and protection is emitted, and protection is emitted and water-cooled nozzle looping closed channel, and this passage is communicated with an end of outer gas passage, and the other end of outer gas passage connects outer flue; Said rifle body opposite side is installed tungsten electrode folder successively and is emitted with electrode, and tungsten electrode passes that tungsten electrode presss from both sides, gas diverter, and it is external to extend rifle.
The internal diameter of said water-cooled nozzle is greater than the diameter of tungsten electrode, and tungsten electrode freely stretches out water-cooled nozzle.
Said water-cooled nozzle and rifle body constitute enclosure space, and outer gas passage inboard offers circulating water channel, and circulating water channel one end is connected with water-cooled nozzle, and the circulating water channel other end connects water inlet pipe and return pipe respectively.
Said internal layer gas passage connects the internal layer flue.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the tungsten electrode inert gas protected welding gun of the double-layered airflow structure of the present invention's proposition changes former single protective gas passage into the double shielding gas passage, and promptly internal layer is pure inert gas (Ar, He etc.), and is outer for containing inert gas and trace active gas (O
2, CO
2Deng) mist, substitute common single channel TIG welding gun, welding gun can be on tig arc welding machine be directly used.
2, the present invention produces electric arc through the pure Ar of internal layer (or He) gas, and guard electrode prevents the tungsten electrode oxidization burning loss, through outer Ar-O
2Mist (or Ar-CO
2, He-O
2, He-CO
2Mist) realize that active component is to the dissolving transition in liquid molten bath in the welding process, the oxygen content in the adjustment molten bath changes liquid molten bath heat transfer convection model, promotes anode spot heat to the transmission of bottom, molten bath, obtains big depth-to-width ratio molten bath.
3, double-deck gas flow and composition can be regulated separately inside and outside the present invention, active component content and molten bath pattern in the liquid molten bath of active gases scalable in the outer gas.
4, the adjusting of active component content can change molten bath heat transfer convection model among the present invention, increases fusion penetration.Tungsten electrode can freely stretch out water-cooled nozzle, and water-cooled nozzle is not as electrode.Test plate (panel) and tungsten electrode are electrode, can directly be used for general T IG motor.
5, the present invention can make the more common arc-welding degree of depth of TIG weldering pool depth increase by 2～3 times, has avoided the tungsten electrode oxidization burning loss simultaneously, improves welding efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the tungsten electrode inert gas protected welding gun gas passage sketch map of general T IG welding gun and double-layered airflow structure.Wherein, (a) figure is general T IG weldering; (b) figure is a welding gun of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding gun decomposition texture sketch map of the present invention.Wherein, 1 protection is emitted; 2 water-cooled nozzle; 3 gas diverters; 4 rifle bodies; 5 tungsten electrodes folder; 6 tungsten electrodes; 7 electrodes emit; 8 outer flues; 9 internal layer flues; 10 return pipes; 11 water inlet pipes; 12 internal layer gas passages; 13 circulating water channels; 14 outer gas passages.
Fig. 3 is comparative example 1 (seeing table 1) molten bath pattern and anodizing degree sketch map.Wherein, (a) figure is the molten bath pattern; (b) figure is the anodizing degree.
Fig. 4 is comparative example 2 (seeing table 1) molten bath pattern and anodizing degree sketch map.Wherein, (a) figure is the molten bath pattern; (b) figure is the anodizing degree.
Fig. 5 is embodiment 1 (seeing table 1) molten bath pattern and anodizing degree sketch map.Wherein, (a) figure is the molten bath pattern; (b) figure is the anodizing degree.
Fig. 6 is embodiment 2 (seeing table 1) molten bath pattern and anodizing degree sketch map.Wherein, (a) figure is the molten bath pattern; (b) figure is the anodizing degree.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, common single channel TIG welding gun adopts pure inert gas Ar (He), perhaps adopts Ar+O
2(He+O
2) mist that waits; As the protection air-flow, in welding of stainless steel parts and heavy castings process of patch weld, find that there is oxidative phenomena in electrode; Adopt welding gun of the present invention to substitute common single channel TIG welding gun; Can effectively avoid this phenomenon of electrode generation oxidation, and effectively increase pool depth, improve welding efficiency.The tungsten electrode inert gas protected welding gun of the double-layered airflow structure that the present invention proposes, promptly internal layer is pure inert gas (Ar or He etc.), the protection tungsten electrode is avoided oxidization burning loss; Outer for containing inert gas and trace active gas (O
2Or CO
2Deng) mist, to molten bath transition active component, regulate active component content and molten bath pattern in the liquid molten bath.
The structure of double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding gun is seen Fig. 2; Double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding gun mainly comprises: protection emits 1, water-cooled nozzle 2, gas diverter 3, rifle body 4, tungsten electrode folder 5, tungsten electrode 6, electrode emit 7, outer flue 8, internal layer flue 9, return pipe 10, water inlet pipe 11, internal layer gas passage 12, circulating water channel 13, outer gas passage 14 etc., and concrete structure is following:
In the said rifle body 4 gas diverter 3 is installed, offers internal layer gas passage 12 in the gas diverter 3, the skin of rifle body 4 is offered outer gas passage 14.Rifle body 4 one sides are installed water-cooled nozzle 2 successively and are emitted 1 with protection, and the 1 ring seal passage that constitutes with water-cooled nozzle 2 is emitted in protection, and this passage is communicated with an end of said outer gas passage 14, and the other end of outer gas passage 14 connects outer flue 8.Rifle body 4 opposite sides are installed tungsten electrode folder 5 successively and are emitted 7 with electrode, and tungsten electrode 6 passes tungsten electrode folder 5, gas diverter 3, extends outside the rifle body 4.The internal diameter of said water-cooled nozzle 2 is greater than the diameter of tungsten electrode 6, and tungsten electrode 6 can freely stretch out water-cooled nozzle 2.Said water-cooled nozzle 2 constitutes enclosure space with rifle body 4; Outer gas passage 14 inboards offer circulating water channel 13; Circulating water channel 13 1 ends communicate with water-cooled nozzle 2 and the enclosure space that rifle body 4 constitutes, and circulating water channel 13 other ends connect water inlet pipe 11 and return pipe 10 respectively.Water is got into by water inlet pipe 11, and the circulating water channel 13 of flowing through flows out return pipe 10; Gas diverter 3 extends in the water-cooled nozzle 2; Internal layer flue 9 communicates with internal layer gas passage 12 on the gas diverter 3, and internal layer gas gets into the internal layer gas passage 12 on the gas coming through current divider 3 through internal layer flue 9; In water-cooled nozzle 2, flow out, as internal layer protection gas; Outer gas is flowed into by outer flue 8, and outer gas emits 1 circular passage that constitutes with water-cooled nozzle 2 to flow out via protection, as outer protective gas.
Among the present invention, double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding gun is compared with plasma gun, and following difference is structurally arranged:
1, as shown in Figure 2, double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding gun electrode can freely be stretched out water-cooled nozzle, and double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding gun water-cooled nozzle diameter of bore is 5 millimeters, and electrode can freely stretch out, and realizes the adjusting of electrode extension.
2, the water-cooled nozzle of double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding gun does not connect positive wire, can be applied directly to the general T IG source of welding current.In the plasma gun, the water-cooled nozzle material therefor is a brass, connects the positive wire in the return pipe, plays the striking effect, makes tungsten electrode (negative electrode) and water-cooled nozzle (anode) produce electric arc.In the double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding gun, water-cooled nozzle does not connect electricity as ectonexine gas barrier layer, and not as the striking utmost point, electric arc directly produces between tungsten electrode and test plate (panel).
The welding instance
Table 1 is the welding effect and the contrast of general T IG welding gun welding effect of double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding gun, and its welding parameter is: welding current 160A, and speed of welding 2mm/s, apart from 3mm, tungsten electrode stretches out nozzle 3mm between tungsten electrode and the mother metal, and mother metal is a martensitic stain less steel.
Can find out by table 1; When utilizing double-layer air-flow TIG welding; The molten bath depth-to-width ratio can reach more than 0.75 (numbering 3 and numbering 4), and when being general T IG welding (numbering 1) 2.7 times of the molten bath depth-to-width ratio is 1.3 times of molten bath depth-to-width ratio when adding the TIG welding (numbering 2) of active element in the protection gas.When internal layer gas is pure helium, flow 5L/min outerly is helium and oxygen mixed gas (the oxygen volume accounts for 5%), and flow 20L/min, tungsten electrode degree of oxidation obviously alleviate, as number 3; When internal layer gas is pure helium, flow 10L/min, outer gas are helium and oxygen mixed gas (the oxygen volume accounts for 5%), and flow 10L/min can avoid the tungsten electrode oxidization burning loss fully, as number 4.
Table 1: double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding gun and general T IG welding gun welding effect are relatively
| Numbering | Protective gas | Depth-to-width ratio | Weld seam oxygen content/ppm | The molten bath pattern | The anodizing degree |
| Comparative example 1 | Pure He:10L/min | 0.28 | 49 | See Fig. 3 (a) | See Fig. 3 (b) |
| Comparative example 2 | He-5％O 2： 10L/min | 0.6 | 760 | See Fig. 4 (a) | See Fig. 4 (b) |
| |
Internal layer gas: pure He, outer gas: the He-5%O of 5L/min 2，20L/min | 0.75 | 260 | See Fig. 5 (a) | See Fig. 5 (b) |
| |
Internal layer gas: pure He, outer gas: the He-5%O of 10L/min 2，10L/min | 0.78 | 96 | See Fig. 6 (a) | See Fig. 6 (b) |
Find out that by table 1 the weld seam oxygen content of traditional TIG weldering is 49ppm (numbering 1), in protection gas, added active gases oxygen after (numbering 2), the weld seam oxygen content is brought up to 760ppm, the molten bath depth-to-width ratio increases thereupon, but has caused the oxidization burning loss of tungsten electrode.In double-layer air-flow protection TIG welding, through adjustment ectonexine gas parameter, can make the weld seam oxygen content bring up to 260ppm (numbering 3) and 96ppm (numbering 4), effectively increase the molten bath depth-to-width ratio, avoid the tungsten electrode oxidization burning loss simultaneously.
The weld seam pattern is relevant with hot conduction mode with the warm-up movement in the molten bath.For TIG weldering, in the molten bath to the streamed electromagnetism convection current that electromagnetic force causes, the Marangoni convection current that smelt surface tension causes, the convective motion that arc force and buoyancy cause of mainly containing.No matter be to adopt straight polarity direct current or dc reverse connection, what electromagnetic force, arc force and buoyancy caused is constant to flow path direction, and Marangoni depends on the surface tension thermograde (symbol of d σ/dT) of melt to flow path direction.O, S are active components, and at a certain temperature, when its content is crossed critical value, the surface tension temperature coefficient symbol of liquid metal will just become by negative.For welding pool, there is thermograde in weld pool surface, and the temperature in centre, molten bath is higher.When surface tension thermograde coefficient is correct time; The surface tension of high-temperature region, center, molten bath is higher than the surface tension of surrounding zone, molten bath, to the Marangoni convection current, helps anode spot heat to the transmission of bottom, molten bath in forming; Form narrow dark shape weld seam, improve welding efficiency.
Claims (3)
1. the tungsten electrode inert gas protected welding gun of a double-layered airflow structure is characterized in that, in the rifle body of this welding gun gas diverter is installed, and offers the internal layer gas passage in the said gas diverter, and said rifle volume surrounding is offered outer gas passage;
Said rifle body one side successively water-cooled nozzle is installed and protection is emitted, and protection is emitted and water-cooled nozzle looping closed channel, and this passage is communicated with an end of outer gas passage, and the other end of outer gas passage connects outer flue; Said rifle body opposite side is installed tungsten electrode folder successively and is emitted with electrode, and tungsten electrode passes that tungsten electrode presss from both sides, gas diverter, and it is external to extend rifle;
Said water-cooled nozzle and rifle body constitute enclosure space, and outer gas passage inboard offers circulating water channel, and circulating water channel one end is connected with water-cooled nozzle, and the circulating water channel other end connects water inlet pipe and return pipe respectively;
Said gas diverter extends in the water-cooled nozzle; The internal layer flue communicates with internal layer gas passage on the gas diverter, and internal layer gas gets into through the internal layer flue, the internal layer gas passage on the gas coming through current divider; In water-cooled nozzle, flow out, as internal layer protection gas; Outer gas is flowed into by outer flue, and outer gas emits the circular passage that constitutes with water-cooled nozzle to flow out via protection, as outer protective gas.
2. according to the tungsten electrode inert gas protected welding gun of the described double-layered airflow structure of claim 1, it is characterized in that the internal diameter of said water-cooled nozzle is greater than the diameter of tungsten electrode, tungsten electrode freely stretches out water-cooled nozzle.
3. according to the tungsten electrode inert gas protected welding gun of the described double-layered airflow structure of claim 1, it is characterized in that said internal layer gas passage connects the internal layer flue.
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| CN102151963B (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2013-06-12 | 兰州理工大学 | Welding gun for coupling active TIG welding of gas weld pool |
| CN102151957B (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2013-11-13 | 兰州理工大学 | Gas molten pool coupling active welding method |
| CN102218585B (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2013-12-25 | 中国海洋大学 | Welding method and device for cold arc welding of gas shielded welding of thin plate |
| CN102626816B (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2014-07-09 | 兰州理工大学 | Water-cooled welding gun for molten gas bath coupling active TIG welding |
| CN104439647A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-03-25 | 太原理工大学 | TIG welding double-layer air flow protection device for ferrite steel and welding method |
| CN104902666B (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2017-08-01 | 广东省工业技术研究院(广州有色金属研究院) | A kind of pair of air-flow supersonic plasma spray gun |
| US11673204B2 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2023-06-13 | The Esab Group, Inc. | Hyper-TIG welding electrode |
| CN115106628B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2023-06-27 | 上海工程技术大学 | Argon tungsten-arc welding gun suitable for aluminum alloy welding |
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| US4529863A (en) * | 1983-09-01 | 1985-07-16 | P.P.I. Performance Process International | Gas metal arc welding method |
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