CN101918613A - 抗腐蚀和磨损的涂料 - Google Patents

抗腐蚀和磨损的涂料 Download PDF

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CN101918613A
CN101918613A CN2008801133412A CN200880113341A CN101918613A CN 101918613 A CN101918613 A CN 101918613A CN 2008801133412 A CN2008801133412 A CN 2008801133412A CN 200880113341 A CN200880113341 A CN 200880113341A CN 101918613 A CN101918613 A CN 101918613A
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silane
oxyalkylsiloxane
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B·H·吉姆瓦格
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Xurex Inc
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Abstract

一种具有至少一种烷氧基硅氧烷并且优选至少两种烷氧基硅氧烷、可水解催化剂、粘附促进剂和流动/流平剂的抗腐蚀和磨损的涂料组合物，其中该组合物中烷氧基硅氧烷的总量大于约70重量％。

Description

抗腐蚀和磨损的涂料
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及用于各种基材的表面改性剂和涂料的领域，特别是将基材上腐蚀和磨损劣化效果最小化或消除的处理和涂料，由此大为提高基材的使用寿命。
将表面改性剂或涂料施涂、粘附或结合到各种基材和表面例如金属、塑料、陶瓷、混凝土、木材、层合体等是众所周知的。术语表面改性剂通常适用于小于0.5微米的涂料，并且出于此处本公开的目的，术语“涂料”将用于覆盖任何通常可接受厚度的表面改性剂和涂料。基本例子是将油漆施涂至暴露于太阳、雨、风等的表面。其中对表面经常使用涂料的情况的另一个例子是来自与液体或气体流中夹带的移动物体或颗粒连续或频繁接触的冲击(encounter)劣化。
涂料的有效性和使用寿命的一个关键因素是表面改性剂或涂料与基材或表面之间粘附的程度。通过使涂料组成对基材组成的合适匹配，和/或通过对基材的预先表面处理，和/或通过在基材与涂层之间施加中间层，来实现粘附程度的提高。涂料的有效性和使用寿命的另一个关键因素是涂料本身的硬度、抗腐蚀性和抗磨损性。提供这些所需品质是合适地选择涂料组成以增强这些特性的结果。例如，众所周知通过以少量、通常远低于2重量％混合偶联剂或交联剂例如烷氧基硅氧烷来提高聚氨酯涂料或油漆涂料的硬度、抗腐蚀性和抗擦伤性。不使用较大量的这些添加剂，因为它们将导致使涂料不可用的过度交联。
与目前涂料技术状态的关于涂料应用中烷氧基硅氧烷作为交联添加剂使用的广泛接受的限制的知识相反，而是使用大百分数的烷氧基硅氧烷配制了关于抗腐蚀性和抗磨损性具有高度有益性能的涂料。本发明的目的是提供具有显著大的百分数的烷氧基硅氧烷、优选在组成中具有至少两种烷氧基硅氧烷的涂料，其产生可施涂到各种类型基材和表面的坚硬、耐久、抗腐蚀和抗磨损的涂料。该目的和未明确述及的另外目的通过研究本文公开的内容将是明显的。
发明内容
一般而言，本发明为用于各种基材或表面的坚硬、耐久、抗腐蚀和抗磨损的涂料组合物，以及将涂料施涂至基材以使该有益效果最大化的方法。
在一个实施方案中，涂料组合物基本上由以下构成：
至少两种烷氧基硅氧烷，其中所述组合物中所述烷氧基硅氧烷的所述总量大于约70重量％，并且其中所述烷氧基硅氧烷选自由甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三甲氧基硅烷、异丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、正苯基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、聚二乙氧基硅烷(polydiethoxysilane)和氟代丙基三乙氧基硅烷组成的烷氧基硅氧烷组；
可水解催化剂，其中所述催化剂选自由钛醇化物、钛烷醇、四异丙氧基钛、四丁氧基钛、钛酸铝、锆酸铝、铝酸镁、钛酸镁、锆酸镁、钛酸四丁酯(tetrabutoxy titanate)和异丙氧基钛组成的催化剂组。
粘附促进剂，其中所述粘附促进剂选自由γ-缩水甘油氧基(glycidolxyl)丙基硅烷和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷组成的粘附促进剂组；和
流动/流平剂，其中所述流动/流平剂为二甲基硅氧烷。
优选地，所述组合物中所述催化剂的总量小于约5.0重量％；并且其中所述组合物中所述粘附促进剂的总量小于约2.5重量％；并且其中所述组合物中所述流动-流平剂的总量小于约1重量％。
在另一个实施方案中，该涂料组合物基本上由以下构成：
至少两种烷氧基硅氧烷，其中所述组合物中所述烷氧基硅氧烷的所述总量大于约70重量％，并且其中所述烷氧基硅氧烷选自由甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三甲氧基硅烷、异丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、正苯基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、聚二乙氧基硅烷和氟代丙基三乙氧基硅烷组成的烷氧基硅氧烷组；
选自由异丙基醇和乙醇组成的醇组的醇；
可水解催化剂，其中所述催化剂选自由去离子水、酸和金属氧化物的组合组成的催化剂组，所述酸选自由磷酸、硼酸和冰乙酸组成的酸组，所述金属氧化物选自由氧化锌、氧化镁和氧化钙组成的金属氧化物组；
粘附促进剂，其中所述粘附促进剂选自由γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基硅烷和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷组成的粘附促进剂组；和
流动/流平剂，其中所述流动/流平剂为二甲基硅氧烷。
还公开了涂覆方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
提供表面清洁剂和活化组合物，该活化组合物基本上由去离子水、酸、醇和粘附促进剂构成，所述粘附促进剂由氨基官能的硅烷构成；
将所述表面清洁剂和活化组合物施涂至所述基材；
冲洗所述基材并使所述基材干燥；
提供基本上由至少一种烷氧基硅氧烷、可水解催化剂、粘附促进剂和流动/流平剂构成的涂料组合物，其中所述涂料组合物中烷氧基硅氧烷的所述总量大于约70重量％；和
将所述涂料组合物施涂至所述基材。
发明详述
现将关于最佳模式和优选实施方案详细描述本发明。一般而言，本发明是用于各种基材或表面的坚硬、耐久、抗腐蚀和抗磨损的涂料组合物，以及将该涂料施涂至基材以将该有益效果最大化的方法。一般而言，本发明是基本上由以重量％计相对大量的烷氧基硅氧烷、以及催化剂和较少量的粘附促进剂和流动/流平添加剂构成的涂料。可以将该涂料施涂至包括但不限于金属、塑料、陶瓷、木材、复合物、层合体以及类似表面或基材的各种基材或表面。
涂料组合物基本上由至少一种烷氧基硅氧烷、可水解催化剂、粘附促进剂、流动/流平剂构成，其中涂料组合物中烷氧基硅氧烷组分的总量大于约70重量％。优选地，涂料组合物基本上由至少两种烷氧基硅氧烷构成，其中选择至少两种烷氧基硅氧烷不仅是基于给予涂料关于硬度、外观、抗腐蚀性和抗磨损性的所需性能，而且是基于混合和固化相容性。例如，某些烷氧基硅氧烷可以显著地提高硬度、防水性、渗透等，但是将严重减缓组合物的交联和固化时间，因此当需要合理固化时间时其必须以相对小的量使用。优选地，烷氧基硅氧烷为烷基烷氧基或芳基烷氧基硅氧烷。例如，烷氧基硅氧烷可以由甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三甲氧基硅烷、异丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、正苯基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、聚二乙氧基硅烷和氟代丙基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种构成。更优选地，涂料组合物中烷氧基硅氧烷的总量为约95重量％。
涂料组合物还包括可水解催化剂。在一个实施方案中，催化剂为单独或组合的钛酸盐或锆酸盐，例如钛醇化物、钛烷醇、四异丙氧基钛、四丁氧基钛、钛酸铝、锆酸铝、铝酸镁、钛酸镁、锆酸镁、钛酸四丁酯和异丙氧基钛。涂料组合物中所述催化剂的总量小于约5重量％。在第二个实施方案中，该涂料组合物还包括醇例如异丙醇或乙醇，且催化剂基本上由去离子水、酸例如单独或组合的磷酸、硼酸和冰乙酸以及金属氧化物例如单独或组合的氧化锌、氧化镁和氧化钙的组合构成，使得水、酸和金属氧化物组合形成含有较少量二价金属阳离子的酸性含水分散体。涂料组合物中该催化剂的总量小于约30重量％。
涂料组合物还包括粘附促进剂以提高涂料对基材的粘附。优选地，粘附促进剂选自由γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基硅烷和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷组成的粘附促进剂组，并且优选地，涂料组合物中所述粘附促进剂的总量小于约2.5重量％。
涂料组合物还包括流动/流平剂添加剂。优选地，所述流动/流平剂为二甲基硅氧烷，其中所述组合物中所述流动-流平剂的总量小于约1重量％。
优选地，出于贮存和运输目的，涂料组合物分两部分配制和混合，使得在将两部分混合之前排除了交联和固化。例如，首先将烷氧基硅氧烷混合在一起，然后将粘附促进剂和流动/流平剂混合于其中，仅仅在基材涂料施涂处理开始时将催化剂组分添加于其中。最优选地，在惰性或非反应性气体例如氮气中贮存组分和进行涂覆处理。为了提高涂料组合物到基材内的渗透以及降低交联和固化时间，可将基材、涂料组合物或其两者在例如约120-170°F的范围内加热。可以按包括但不限于刷涂、喷涂、辊涂、擦涂和浸涂的各种已知方式施涂涂料组合物。
优选地，在涂覆之前通过施涂清洁或蚀刻溶液和底漆来处理基材表面。最优选地，通过以下施涂涂料：提供表面清洁剂和在基材上留下官能的酸位的活化组合物，例如基本上由去离子水、酸例如冰乙酸或磷酸、醇例如异丙醇和粘附促进剂构成的组合物，所述粘附促进剂由氨基官能的硅烷例如氨丙基氨乙基硅烷或氨乙基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷构成，将表面清洁剂和活化组合物施涂至基材，冲洗基材并使基材干燥，然后将涂料组合物施涂至基材。
已发现该涂料组合物产生到基材内的非常深的渗透并且显著提高基材在高磨损、高腐蚀应用中的寿命。
意识到的是，上文给出的某些要素和步骤的等效方式和替代方式对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的，并且因此本发明的实际范围和限定将在下面权利要求中给出。

Claims (20)

1.一种涂料组合物，其基本上由以下构成：
至少一种烷氧基硅氧烷，其中所述组合物中所述烷氧基硅氧烷的总量大于约70重量％；
可水解催化剂；
粘附促进剂；和
流动/流平剂。
2.权利要求1的组合物，其中所述至少一种烷氧基硅氧烷选自由烷基烷氧基硅氧烷和芳基烷氧基硅氧烷组成的烷氧基硅氧烷组。
3.权利要求2的组合物，其中所述至少一种烷氧基硅氧烷选自由甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三甲氧基硅烷、异丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、正苯基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、聚二乙氧基硅烷和氟代丙基三乙氧基硅烷组成的烷氧基硅氧烷组。
4.权利要求1的组合物，该组合物包含至少两种烷氧基硅氧烷。
5.权利要求4的组合物，其中所述至少两种烷氧基硅氧烷选自由烷基烷氧基硅氧烷和芳基烷氧基硅氧烷组成的烷氧基硅氧烷组。
6.权利要求5的组合物，其中所述至少两种烷氧基硅氧烷选自由甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三甲氧基硅烷、异丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、正苯基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、聚二乙氧基硅烷和氟代丙基三乙氧基硅烷组成的烷氧基硅氧烷组。
7.权利要求1的组合物，其中所述催化剂选自由钛醇化物、钛烷醇、四异丙氧基钛、四丁氧基钛、钛酸铝、锆酸铝、铝酸镁、钛酸镁、锆酸镁、钛酸四丁酯和异丙氧基钛组成的催化剂组。
8.权利要求7的组合物，其中所述组合物中所述催化剂的总量小于约5.0重量％。
9.权利要求1的组合物，其中所述组合物还基本包括醇，并且其中所述催化剂基本上由去离子水、酸和金属氧化物的组合构成使得组合形成含有较少量的二价金属阳离子的酸性含水分散体。
10.权利要求9的组合物，其中所述醇选自由异丙醇或乙醇组成的醇组；
其中所述酸是选自由磷酸、硼酸和冰乙酸组成的酸组的酸；且
其中所述金属氧化物选自由氧化锌、氧化镁和氧化钙组成的金属氧化物组。
11.权利要求1的组合物，其中所述粘附促进剂选自由γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基硅烷和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷组成的粘附促进剂组，并且其中所述组合物中所述粘附促进剂的总量小于约2.5重量％。
12.权利要求1的组合物，其中所述流动/流平剂为二甲基硅氧烷，其中所述组合物中所述流动-流平剂的总量小于约1重量％。
13.一种涂料组合物，其基本上由以下构成：
至少两种烷氧基硅氧烷，其中所述组合物中所述烷氧基硅氧烷的所述总量大于约70重量％，并且其中所述烷氧基硅氧烷选自由甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三甲氧基硅烷、异丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、正苯基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、聚二乙氧基硅烷和氟代丙基三乙氧基硅烷组成的烷氧基硅氧烷组；
可水解催化剂，其中所述催化剂选自由钛醇化物、钛烷醇、四异丙氧基钛、四丁氧基钛、钛酸铝、锆酸铝、铝酸镁、钛酸镁、锆酸镁、钛酸四丁酯和异丙氧基钛组成的催化剂组；
粘附促进剂，其中所述粘附促进剂选自由γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基硅烷和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷组成的粘附促进剂组；和
流动/流平剂，其中所述流动/流平剂为二甲基硅氧烷。
14.权利要求13的组合物，其中所述组合物中所述催化剂的总量小于约5.0重量％；并且其中所述组合物中所述粘附促进剂的总量小于约2.5重量％；并且其中所述组合物中所述流动-流平剂的总量小于约1重量％。
15.权利要求14的组合物，其中所述至少两种烷氧基硅烷由甲基三乙氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷和聚二乙氧基硅烷构成；其中所述催化剂由钛酸四丁酯构成，并且所述粘附促进剂由γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基硅烷构成。
16.权利要求15的组合物，其中所述组合物中所述甲基三乙氧基硅烷的总量为约69-89重量％，所述组合物中所述苯基三乙氧基硅烷的总量为约12-15重量％，并且所述聚二乙氧基硅烷的总量为约5-15重量％。
17.一种涂料组合物，其基本上由以下构成：
至少两种烷氧基硅氧烷，其中所述组合物中所述烷氧基硅氧烷的所述总量大于约70重量％，并且其中所述烷氧基硅氧烷选自由甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三甲氧基硅烷、异丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、正苯基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、聚二乙氧基硅烷和氟代丙基三乙氧基硅烷组成的烷氧基硅氧烷组；
选自由异丙基醇和乙醇组成的醇组的醇；
可水解催化剂，其中所述催化剂选自由去离子水、酸和金属氧化物的组合组成的催化剂组，所述酸选自由磷酸、硼酸和冰乙酸组成的酸组，所述金属氧化物选自由氧化锌、氧化镁和氧化钙组成的金属氧化物组；
粘附促进剂，其中所述粘附促进剂选自由γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基硅烷和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷组成的粘附促进剂组；和
流动/流平剂，其中所述流动/流平剂为二甲基硅氧烷。
18.一种涂覆基材的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
提供表面清洁剂和活化组合物，该活化组合物基本上由去离子水、酸、醇和粘附促进剂构成，所述粘附促进剂由氨基官能的硅烷构成；
将所述表面清洁剂和活化组合物施涂至所述基材；
冲洗所述基材并使所述基材干燥；
提供基本上由至少一种烷氧基硅氧烷、可水解催化剂、粘附促进剂和流动/流平剂构成的涂料组合物，其中所述涂料组合物中烷氧基硅氧烷的所述总量大于约70重量％；和
将所述涂料组合物施涂至所述基材。
19.权利要求18的方法，该方法还包括在在施涂所述涂料组合物之前加热所述基材或所述涂料组合物中至少之一的步骤。
20.权利要求19的方法，该方法还包括在非反应性或惰性气体的控制气体中施涂所述涂覆基材的步骤。
CN2008801133412A 2007-10-26 2008-10-24 抗腐蚀和磨损的涂料 Pending CN101918613A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20101215