CN101916602A - Spent fuel storage device - Google Patents
Spent fuel storage device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101916602A CN101916602A CN201010226266XA CN201010226266A CN101916602A CN 101916602 A CN101916602 A CN 101916602A CN 201010226266X A CN201010226266X A CN 201010226266XA CN 201010226266 A CN201010226266 A CN 201010226266A CN 101916602 A CN101916602 A CN 101916602A
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- pipe
- sleeve pipe
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- spent fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spent fuel storage device, which comprises a framework and a plurality of storage casings, the framework is internally provided with a storage cavity for holding the storage casings, and the bottom part of the storage cavity is provided with a first water inlet for cooling water to flow through; each storage casing comprises a side wall and a bottom wall which is used for supporting a spent fuel component, the side wall consists of an inner-layer steel tube which has a strength support effect, an interlayer cadmium tube which has a shielding effect and an outer-layer steel tube which has a protective effect, the three layers are overlaid, the interlayer cadmium tube is welded and sealed between the inner-layer steel tube and the outer-layer steel tube, and the position and the length of the interlayer cadmium tube guarantee to cover an activity section of the spent fuel component; a feeding end of each storage casing is flared to form a guiding section with a taper angle, and the bottom part of the storage casings is provided with a second water inlet which is communicated with the first water inlet; and a positioning part is arranged between the storage cavity and the storage casings. The spent fuel storage device has the advantages of having good sealing performance, ensuring smooth flow of the cooling water, having good cooling effect, being not easy to cause feeding accidents and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spent fuel storage device.
Background technology
Used irradiated fuel assembly in the civilian nuclear power plant, owing to also have certain radioactivity, can not directly handle as spent fuel, also need in the irradiated fuel store pond, deposit a period of time, treat that the half life period of irradiated fuel assembly finishes, after reaching spent fuel and burying standard, could finally handle, therefore, needing to make a spent fuel storage device that is arranged in the irradiated fuel store pond deposits.
Common spent fuel storage device, as Chinese patent 200910150807.2 " storage rack that is used for storing nuclear fuel elements ", comprise channel architecture and support plate, channel architecture comprises a plurality of Vertical Channel of admitting fuel element, Vertical Channel is closely adjacent to each other and arranges and have a wall portion, and the wall portion of Vertical Channel is made by the neutron absorbing material or comprises the neutron absorbing material.The deficiency that exists is: can decompose gradually because some neutron absorbing materials such as cadmium are met water, and in decomposable process toxigenicity, so just can not guarantee the neutron conductively-closed of cadmium leak site, and not relate to the seal approach of neutron absorbing material in the literary composition; Moreover the next-door neighbour arranges and has the Vertical Channel of wall portion that its side and bottom surface are water proofs, do not possess the outlet that makes the chilled water circulation, after storage facility was dipped in the pond, chilled water entered from the upper end open of Vertical Channel, but can't flow out swimmingly, circulation freely can not influence cooling effect; In addition, the charging aperture of Vertical Channel often with passage with the footpath, when charging, lack the guide of enlarging, occur irradiated fuel assembly easily and do not drop in the Vertical Channel, but the charging accident such as fall between storage facility upper end or pond and the storage facility.
Summary of the invention
, chilled water circulation not good for the sealing that solves the neutron absorbing material that existing spent fuel storage device exists freely do not influence cooling effect, the deficiency of charging accident occurs easily, the present invention proposes clear and coherent smooth, the good cooling results of a kind of good airproof performance, cooling water flow of neutron absorbing material, is not prone to the spent fuel storage device of charging accident.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Spent fuel storage device comprises screen work and a plurality of storage sleeve pipe, has the storage chamber that holds each storage sleeve pipe in the described screen work, and described storage chamber bottom is provided with the but first logical outlet pass of current of cooling; Described storage sleeve pipe comprises sidewall and the diapire that supports irradiated fuel assembly, described sidewall by the nexine steel pipe that plays strength support role, the interlayer cadmium pipe that plays shielding action, the outer layer pipe that shields is stacked constitutes, described interlayer cadmium pipe is welded among nexine steel pipe and the outer layer pipe, and the position of interlayer cadmium pipe and length can guarantee to cover the active section of irradiated fuel assembly; The feed end enlarging of described storage sleeve pipe becomes the guide section of band tapering, and the bottom of storage sleeve pipe is provided with second outlet pass that communicates with first outlet pass; Be provided with keeper between described storage chamber and the storage sleeve pipe.
Preferably, the main body of described storage sleeve pipe is the square tube section, the guide section side of the being arranged to bell of storage sleeve pipe.The effect of described side's bell is to provide guiding for charging.
Further, described screen work comprises upper bearing plate, lower support plate, is fixed on the coaming plate of upper and lower support plate periphery, described upper support fishplate bar is provided with the opening that stretches into for storage sleeve pipe, described lower support plate is provided with the positioning seat to the storage sleeve pipe location, and the space between described opening and the positioning seat forms described storage chamber.
Further, described keeper comprises first boss that is arranged on described storage sleeve pipe lateral surface and is arranged at second boss on the described storage chamber inwall, first boss and second boss overlap joint coupling.
Preferably, described first boss is arranged on the outer wall of square tube section of storage sleeve pipe, and described second boss cooperates and is arranged on the inwall of upper bearing plate.
Preferably, described first outlet pass and second outlet pass all have a plurality of, are arranged on storage chamber, the storage sleeve pipe diapire around shape respectively.Like this, make things convenient for the even circulation of chilled water, help the cooling of irradiated fuel assembly.In addition, when screen work and storage sleeve pipe are sling maintenance, can water in screen work and the storage sleeve pipe yet.
Further, described outer layer pipe and nexine steel pipe are butt welded tube, and interlayer cadmium pipe is the overlap joint welded tube, and the lapped seam of the butt joint longitudinal joint of described outer layer pipe, interlayer cadmium pipe, the butt joint longitudinal joint of nexine steel pipe are staggeredly arranged.
Preferably, be furnished with the location-plate that a circle is used to locate interlayer cadmium pipe on the described nexine steel pipe, described interlayer cadmium pipe places on the described location-plate.
Further, described spent fuel storage device also comprises the plane micromatic setting of adjustable integral lattice frame height, described plane micromatic setting comprises the adjustment screw rod that is arranged at the screen work bottom, be connected in the backing plate of adjusting the screw rod lower end, be equipped with swivel nut on the described lower support plate, described adjustment screw rod is threaded with swivel nut; Described storage sleeve pipe diapire is provided with the perforate of passing through for described swivel nut, and the swivel nut upper end is connected with storage sleeve pipe and the fixing nut of screen work.
Preferably, the lower end of described adjustment screw rod is provided with bulb, and backing plate is provided with the sphere dimple, adjusts the coordination hinge of screw rod by bulb and sphere dimple in backing plate.Be convenient to regulate the verticality of backing plate like this.
Technical conceive of the present invention is: can decompose gradually because cadmium is met water, and in decomposable process toxigenicity, so just can not guarantee the neutron conductively-closed of cadmium leak site, storage sleeve pipe of the present invention adopts three-decker, by interlayer cadmium pipe is wrapped between outer layer pipe and the nexine steel pipe, two ends seal with continuous weld, make that the cadmium good seal is difficult for revealing, thereby guarantee good shielding properties; Moreover, by arranging first, second outlet pass at storage chamber and storage sleeve pipe bottom, the chilled water that makes irradiated fuel assembly flow through on every side can flow out from the bottom of storage sleeve pipe, and the unobstructed chilled water that flows can in time be taken away the heat of irradiated fuel assembly, good cooling results; In addition, the storage sleeve pipe charging aperture extends out into the guide section of band tapering, is convenient to the safe charging of spentnuclear fuel, avoids occurring charging accidents such as spentnuclear fuel falls between storage facility upper end or pond and the storage facility.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: (1) storage sleeve pipe adopts three-decker, and the interlayer cadmium seal of tube is good, is difficult for revealing, and the neutron shield performance is good; (2) cooling water flow is clear and coherent smooth, good cooling results; (3) the storage sleeve pipe charging aperture has guide section, can avoid occurring the charging accident.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the A portion enlarged diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the storage sleeve pipe of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the B portion enlarged diagram of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the C portion enlarged diagram of Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is the vertical view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of the upper bearing plate of screen work.
Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram of the lower support plate of screen work.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1-9: spent fuel storage device, comprise screen work 1 and a plurality of storage sleeve pipe 2, have the storage chamber 11 that holds each storage sleeve pipe 2 in the described screen work 1, described storage chamber 11 bottoms are provided with the but first logical outlet pass 12 of current of cooling; Described storage sleeve pipe 2 comprises sidewall 21 and the diapire 22 that supports irradiated fuel assembly, described sidewall 21 constitutes by the nexine steel pipe 211 that plays strength support role, the interlayer cadmium pipe 212 that plays shielding action, the outer layer pipe that shields 213 are stacked, described interlayer cadmium 212 pipes are welded among nexine steel pipe 211 and the outer layer pipe 213, and the position of interlayer cadmium pipe 212 and length can guarantee to cover the active section of irradiated fuel assembly; The feed end enlarging of described storage sleeve pipe 2 becomes the guide section 23 of band tapering, and the bottom of storage sleeve pipe 2 is provided with second outlet pass 24 that communicates with first outlet pass 12; Be provided with keeper between described storage chamber 11 and the storage sleeve pipe 2.Because meeting water, can decompose gradually cadmium, and in decomposable process toxigenicity, so just can not guarantee the neutron conductively-closed of cadmium leak site, storage sleeve pipe 2 of the present invention adopts three-decker, by interlayer cadmium pipe 212 is wrapped between outer layer pipe 213 and the nexine steel pipe 211, two ends seal with continuous weld, make that the cadmium good seal is difficult for revealing, thereby guarantee good shielding properties.
In the present embodiment, the main body of described storage sleeve pipe 2 is the square tube section, guide section 23 side's of being arranged to bells of storage sleeve pipe 2, and square tube section and guide pipe seamlessly transit by fillet for 23 sections.The effect of described side's bell is to provide guiding for charging.Guide section 23 also can enlarging become cone ports, realizes the guiding charging as long as can cooperate with storage chamber.The inner chamber height of storage sleeve pipe 2 is higher than the length of irradiated fuel assembly, is not subjected to extraneous collision when storing to guarantee irradiated fuel assembly.
Described screen work 1 comprises upper bearing plate 13, lower support plate 14, is fixed on the coaming plate 16 of upper and lower support plate periphery, described upper support fishplate bar 13 is provided with the opening that stretches into for storage sleeve pipe 2, described lower support plate 14 is provided with the positioning seat to storage sleeve pipe 2 location, and the space between described opening and the positioning seat forms described storage chamber 11.
Described keeper comprises first boss 31 that is arranged on described storage sleeve pipe 2 lateral surfaces and is arranged at second boss, 32, the first boss 31 and second boss 32 overlap joint coupling on described storage chamber 11 inwalls.Described first boss 31 is arranged on the outer wall of square tube section of storage sleeve pipe 2, and described second boss 32 cooperates on the inwall of the upper bearing plate 13 that is arranged in screen work 1, and square bell is convenient to safe charging above the screen work upper surface.In the present embodiment, export-oriented two hemisphere face boss that extrude form first boss 31 on each sidewall of the square tube section of storage sleeve pipe 2, are provided with two second boss 32 on each inwall of the upper bearing plate 13 of screen work 1 ordinatedly.
In the present embodiment, described first outlet pass 12 is first center pit 15 that wears swivel nut for be arranged in four trapezoidal holes on storage chamber 11 diapires around shape in the middle of four trapezoidal holes; Second outlet pass 24 is second center pit 25 that wears swivel nut 43 for be arranged in four trapezoidal holes on storage sleeve pipe 2 diapires around shape in the middle of four trapezoidal holes.Arrange that around shape first outlet pass 12, second outlet pass 24 that communicate are even circulations of chilled water for convenience, help the cooling of irradiated fuel assembly.In addition, when screen work 1 and storage sleeve pipe 2 are sling maintenance, can water in screen work and the storage sleeve pipe yet.
Described spent fuel storage device also comprises the plane micromatic setting 4 of adjustable integral lattice frame 1 height.Described plane micromatic setting 4 is for being arranged at the supporting leg of screen work 1 bottom, described supporting leg comprises adjusts screw rod 41, be connected in the backing plate 42 of adjusting screw rod 41 lower ends, backing plate 42 directly is located on the irradiated fuel store tank floor, wear and be fixed with swivel nut 43 on the described lower support plate 14, described adjustment screw rod 41 is threaded with swivel nut 43; Described storage sleeve pipe 2 diapires are provided with the perforate of passing through for described swivel nut 43, and swivel nut 43 upper ends are connected with the nut 44 that storage sleeve pipe 2 and screen work 1 are fixed.
The lower end of described adjustment screw rod 41 is provided with bulb, and backing plate 42 is provided with sphere dimple 46, adjusts the coordination hinge of screw rod 41 by bulb and sphere dimple 46 in backing plate 42.Be convenient to regulate the verticality of backing plate like this.
Be furnished with one on the described nexine steel pipe 211 and enclose the location-plate that is used to locate interlayer cadmium pipe, described interlayer cadmium pipe 212 is shelved on the location-plate.In the present embodiment, nexine steel pipe 211 and outer layer pipe 213 are butt welded tube, and interlayer cadmium pipe 212 is the overlap joint welded tube.The method for making of sleeve pipe is for being welded into nexine steel pipe 211 with roll of steel plate earlier, then the cadmium plate is wrapped on the nexine steel pipe 211 and equidistant points welds solid, put outer layer pipe 213 backs and manage whole turgor pressure squarely pipes with three layers with bulkage equipment, with the enlarging nest equipment that rises square tube one end is expanded into square bell again, for guaranteeing when assembling and between the screen work 1, correctly to locate after the storage sleeve pipe 2, when expanding into square bell, on four faces of the square tube section of storage sleeve pipe 2, respectively push up two hemisphere face boss, as first boss 31, described storage chamber 11 inwalls are provided with second boss 32 with above-mentioned first boss, 31 overlap joint couplings.The butt joint longitudinal joint of the butt joint longitudinal joint of described outer layer pipe 213, interlayer cadmium pipe 212, the butt joint longitudinal joint of nexine steel pipe 211 are staggeredly arranged.Promptly, three's longitudinal joint is not in the same plane yet, can prevent that like this spentnuclear fuel is from the leakage of volume seam.
In the present embodiment, spent fuel storage device comprises 36 storage sleeve pipes that are used to deposit irradiated fuel assembly, lays respectively in 36 storage chambers, and in order to shield the radiomaterial of irradiated fuel assembly, the sleeve pipe interlayer has used simple metal cadmium plate as shielding material; On/lower support plate is used for arranging and fixing storage sleeve pipe, guarantees the centre distance of 36 storage sleeve pipes, and guarantee the vertical of the whole axis of storage sleeve pipe; Coaming plate is wrapped in the framework outside of being made up of last lower support plate and storage sleeve pipe, is used to protect whole framework not to be subjected to damage of external force.
The principle of present embodiment: can decompose gradually because cadmium is met water, and in decomposable process toxigenicity, so just can not guarantee the neutron conductively-closed of cadmium leak site, storage sleeve pipe of the present invention adopts three-decker, by interlayer cadmium pipe is wrapped between outer layer pipe and the nexine steel pipe, two ends seal with continuous weld, make that the cadmium good seal is difficult for revealing, thereby guarantee good shielding properties; Moreover, by arranging first, second outlet pass at storage chamber and storage sleeve pipe bottom, the chilled water that makes irradiated fuel assembly flow through on every side can flow out from the bottom of storage sleeve pipe, and the unobstructed chilled water that flows can in time be taken away the heat of irradiated fuel assembly, good cooling results; In addition, the storage sleeve pipe charging aperture extends out into the guide section of band tapering, is convenient to the safe charging of spentnuclear fuel, avoids occurring charging accidents such as spentnuclear fuel falls between storage facility upper end or pond and the storage facility.
Claims (10)
1. spent fuel storage device, comprise screen work (1) and a plurality of storage sleeve pipe (2), have the storage chamber (11) that holds each storage sleeve pipe (2) in the described screen work (1), it is characterized in that: described storage chamber (11) bottom is provided with but logical first outlet pass (12) of current of cooling; Described storage sleeve pipe (2) comprises sidewall (21) and the diapire (22) that supports irradiated fuel assembly, described sidewall (21) is by the nexine steel pipe (211) that plays strength support role, the interlayer cadmium pipe (212) that plays shielding action, the stacked formation of outer layer pipe (213) that shields, described interlayer cadmium pipe (212) is welded among nexine steel pipe (211) and the outer layer pipe (213), and the position of interlayer cadmium pipe (212) and length can guarantee to cover the active section of irradiated fuel assembly; The feed end enlarging of described storage sleeve pipe (2) becomes the guide section (23) of band tapering, and the bottom of storage sleeve pipe (2) is provided with second outlet pass (24) that communicates with first outlet pass; Be provided with keeper between described storage chamber (11) and the storage sleeve pipe (2).
2. spent fuel storage device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the main body of described storage sleeve pipe (2) is the square tube section, guide section (23) side of the being arranged to bell of storage sleeve pipe (2).
3. spent fuel storage device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described screen work bag (1) is drawn together upper bearing plate (13), lower support plate (14), is fixed on the coaming plate (16) of upper and lower support plate periphery, described upper support fishplate bar (13) is provided with the opening that stretches into for storage sleeve pipe (2), described lower support plate (14) is provided with the positioning seat to storage sleeve pipe (2) location, and the space between described opening and the positioning seat forms described storage chamber (11).
4. spent fuel storage device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described keeper comprises first boss (31) that is arranged on described storage sleeve pipe lateral surface and is arranged at second boss (32) on the described storage chamber inwall, first boss (31) and second boss (32) overlap joint coupling.
5. spent fuel storage device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described first boss (31) is arranged on the outer wall of square tube section of storage sleeve pipe (2), and described second boss (32) cooperates and is arranged on the inwall of upper bearing plate (13).
6. as the described spent fuel storage device of one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: described first outlet pass (12) and second outlet pass (24) all have a plurality of, are arranged on storage chamber (11), storage sleeve pipe (2) diapire around shape respectively.
7. spent fuel storage device as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described outer layer pipe (213) and nexine steel pipe (211) are butt welded tube, interlayer cadmium pipe (212) is the overlap joint welded tube, and the lapped seam of the butt joint longitudinal joint of described outer layer pipe (213), interlayer cadmium pipe (212), the butt joint longitudinal joint of nexine steel pipe (211) are staggeredly arranged.
8. spent fuel storage device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: be furnished with the location-plate that a circle is used to locate interlayer cadmium pipe (212) on the described nexine steel pipe (211), described interlayer cadmium pipe (212) places on the location-plate.
9. spent fuel storage device as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: described spent fuel storage device also comprises the plane micromatic setting (4) of adjustable integral lattice frame height, described plane micromatic setting bag (4) is drawn together the adjustment screw rod (41) that is arranged at the screen work bottom, be connected in the backing plate (42) of adjusting screw rod (41) lower end, be equipped with swivel nut (43) on the described lower support plate (14), described adjustment screw rod (41) is threaded with swivel nut (43); Described storage sleeve pipe (2) diapire is provided with the perforate of passing through for described swivel nut (43), and swivel nut (43) upper end is connected with storage sleeve pipe (2) and the fixing nut (44) of screen work (1).
10. spent fuel storage device as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that: the lower end of described adjustment screw rod (41) is provided with bulb, backing plate (42) is provided with sphere dimple (46), adjusts the coordination hinge of screw rod (41) by bulb and sphere dimple (41) in backing plate (42).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010226266XA CN101916602B (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2010-07-13 | Spent fuel storage device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010226266XA CN101916602B (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2010-07-13 | Spent fuel storage device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101916602A true CN101916602A (en) | 2010-12-15 |
| CN101916602B CN101916602B (en) | 2012-08-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201010226266XA Active CN101916602B (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2010-07-13 | Spent fuel storage device |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102737741A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-10-17 | 中广核工程有限公司 | Spent fuel storage framework of nuclear power plant |
| CN105359221A (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2016-02-24 | 纽斯高动力有限责任公司 | Managing nuclear reactor spent fuel rods |
| CN107316666A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-03 | 北京科瑞华安科技有限公司 | A kind of spent fuel storage rack |
| CN108345028A (en) * | 2018-01-20 | 2018-07-31 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | A kind of shield and its design method applied to neutron scattering chamber |
| CN108362459A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-03 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | A kind of 1x9 types spent fuel storage rack shock test part |
| CN114473330A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-13 | 西安核设备有限公司 | Spent fuel storage grillage square tube grid pitch size precision control device |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102737741A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-10-17 | 中广核工程有限公司 | Spent fuel storage framework of nuclear power plant |
| CN105359221A (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2016-02-24 | 纽斯高动力有限责任公司 | Managing nuclear reactor spent fuel rods |
| US10453578B2 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2019-10-22 | Nuscale Power, Llc | Managing nuclear reactor spent fuel rods |
| CN107316666A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-03 | 北京科瑞华安科技有限公司 | A kind of spent fuel storage rack |
| CN107316666B (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-10-15 | 北京科瑞华安科技有限公司 | A kind of spent fuel storage rack |
| CN108345028A (en) * | 2018-01-20 | 2018-07-31 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | A kind of shield and its design method applied to neutron scattering chamber |
| CN108345028B (en) * | 2018-01-20 | 2019-09-06 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | A kind of shield and its design method applied to neutron scattering chamber |
| CN108362459A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-03 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | A kind of 1x9 types spent fuel storage rack shock test part |
| CN114473330A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-13 | 西安核设备有限公司 | Spent fuel storage grillage square tube grid pitch size precision control device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101916602B (en) | 2012-08-22 |
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