CN101915603A - Non-contact synchronous measuring instrument for subgrade and rail vibration - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a non-contact synchronous measuring instrument for subgrade and rail vibration. A CCD (Charge Coupled Device) drive circuit is respectively connected with a CCD video signal binaryzation processing unit, an A/D and SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) working time sequence controller and an address counter time sequence generator and used for providing a necessary working pulse for a CCD and generating an interface signal between the CCD drive circuit and a data acquisition card; and the output of the CCD video signal binaryzation processing unit and the outputs of the A/D and SRAM working time sequence controller and the address counter time sequence generator are connected with a data acquisition interface circuit based on a parallel interface. By computer control automatic measurement, the invention greatly prevents the influence of human factors, realizes the intellectualization of detection, solves the synchronous problem of two different vibration frequencies and vibration amplitudes by non-contact synchronous measurement and can carry out software calibration at random, thereby preventing precision reduction caused by long-term use. A photoelectric probe is just dedusted regularly without replacing a detecting probe regularly.

Description

The non-contact synchronous measuring instrument of roadbed and rail vibration

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of surveying instrument.Particularly relate to a kind of can the realization roadbed of non-contact synchronous measuring and the non-contact synchronous measuring instrument of rail vibration are carried out in the vibration of roadbed and rail.

Background technology

High-speed railway is the modern sign of communications and transportation, and high-speed railway is because to have speed fast, and capacity is big, and energy consumption is low, pollutes gently, plurality of advantages such as takes up an area of and security is good few, is subjected to the generally attention of countries in the world.Current, China is in the stage of economic construction develop rapidly, and transportation by railroad is the main artery of Chinese national economy, and railway is to link up interchange of urban and rural products, the indispensable means of transport of developing the economy.The development of high-speed railway will bring life and vigor for the transportation by railroad of China.But along with the raising of train running speed, railway is faced with many owing to the problem that occurs at a high speed.Mainly be that dynamic action between wheel and rail is strengthened, the forced vibration that excitation produced that roadbed that causes and rail are subjected to locomotive strengthens.Can make when vibration level is excessive that rail cracks, fatigue, fracture, contact surface abrasion, securing member is loosening, causes the vehicle operating quality to descend, circuit worsens, noise increases, when serious in addition rail can scrap the painful accident that causes car crash in advance.Therefore the vibration state to rail carries out the important topic that on-the-spot online detection has become railroad in locomotive driving process.

Existing rail vibration is measured the normal resistance strain gage that adopts and is carried out contact type measurement.This measuring method precision is low, error is big, and means of testing is loaded down with trivial details.

Summary of the invention

Technical matters to be solved by this invention is, provides a kind of can the realization that non-contact synchronous measuring is carried out in the vibration of roadbed and rail, realized the intelligentized roadbed that detects and the non-contact synchronous measuring instrument of rail vibration.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the non-contact synchronous measuring instrument of a kind of roadbed and rail vibration, include the CCD driving circuit, A/D and SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer, CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit and based on the data acquisition interface circuit of parallel interface, wherein, described CCD driving circuit connects CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit and A/D and SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer respectively, for the CCD device provides necessary working pulse, and the interface signal between generation and the data collecting card; The output of described CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit and A/D are connected the data acquisition interface circuit based on parallel interface with the output of SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer.

Described CCD driving circuit adopts field programmable logic device CPLD.

Described A/D includes with SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer: the analog switch that links to each other with CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit, the A/D conversion, the SRAM sum counter that link to each other with the CCD driving circuit respectively, described analog switch, A/D conversion also link to each other successively with SRAM, described counter output connects SRAM, and described SRAM connects the data acquisition interface circuit based on parallel interface.

Described CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit includes two the first identical line array CCDs 1 and second line array CCD 2, the signal of described first line array CCD 1 and the output of second line array CCD 2 all is divided into two-way to be handled, one the tunnel enters A/D and SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer, another road enters the binary conversion treatment circuit, described binary conversion treatment circuit connects the phase inverter and first latch respectively, described phase inverter connects second latch, also be provided with counter and code translator, described counter is connected first latch and second latch respectively with code translator, and described first latch and second latch all are connected the data acquisition interface circuit based on parallel interface.

The non-contact synchronous measuring instrument of base of the present invention and rail vibration has following characteristics:

1, vibration measuring set of the present invention adopts notebook and line array CCD photoelectric sensor that non-contacting synchro measure is carried out in the vibration of roadbed and rail.Computer control is measured automatically.Stop artificial factor greatly, realized the intellectuality that detects.

2, adopt many optics, electronics, CCD photoelectric sense technology and microcomputer data processing is soft, hardware technology in the surveying instrument, solved the stationary problem of 2 different vibration frequencies of non-contact synchronous measuring and amplitude.

3, can carry out software at any time and demarcate, thereby avoid the long-term precision that causes of using to reduce.

4, because adopt the non-contact optoelectronic metering system, to not influence of measured object, there is not wear problems for photoelectric probe yet, unnecessary periodic replacement detection probe is as long as regularly be the photoelectric probe dedusting.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a formation block diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic block circuit diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams that driving pulse produces circuit;

Fig. 4 is that the edge send several method binaryzation data acquisition circuit schematic diagrams;

Fig. 5 is that the edge send several method binaryzation data acquisition oscillograms;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that adopts line array CCD photoelectric sensor synchro measure rail vibration;

Fig. 7 is the vibration survey oscillogram.

Wherein,

The 1:CCD driving circuit

2:A/D and SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer

3:CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit

4: based on the data acquisition interface circuit of parallel interface

5: analog switch 6:A/D conversion

7:SRAM 8: counter

Line array CCD 1 10 in 9: the first: second line array CCD 2

11: binary conversion treatment circuit 12: the binary conversion treatment circuit

13: phase inverter 14: counter

15: code translator 16: code translator

17: cooperative target 18: image-forming objective lens

19: line array CCD N11/N21: first latch

N12/N22: second latch

Embodiment

Make a detailed description below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing non-contact synchronous measuring instrument roadbed of the present invention and rail vibration.

As shown in Figure 1, the non-contact synchronous measuring instrument of roadbed of the present invention and rail vibration, include CCD driving circuit 1, A/D and SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer 2, CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit 3 and based on the data acquisition interface circuit 4 of parallel interface, wherein, described CCD driving circuit 1 connects CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit 3 and A/D and SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer 2 respectively, for the CCD device provides necessary working pulse, and the interface signal between generation and the data collecting card; The output of described CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit 3 and A/D are connected the data acquisition interface circuit 4 based on parallel interface with the output of SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer 2.

Described CCD driving circuit 1 adopts field programmable logic device CPLD.The employing logical circuit as shown in Figure 3 that the internal logic circuit of CPLD is passable.Among Fig. 3 by resistance R 1 and R2, reverser T1 and T2 and quartz oscillator Z ₁It is that the main clock pulse of f is told frequency through frequency divider and is respectively f that the oscillator that constitutes produces frequency ₁, f ₂, f ₃Pulse respectively via reverser T ₇, T ₈, T ₉And T ₁₀The logical circuit of forming produces

With

Pulse signal will

Through phase inverter T ₁₀Give the input end of N position binary counter oppositely.Q at counter ₀End obtains driving pulse

Through phase device T ₁₁Anti-phase back obtains

The acquisition of shifting pulse SH is J and the P position output terminal Q that utilizes N position binary counter _JWith Q _PAfter making full 2236 the reset pulse RS of counter meter, with door output high level, afterwards again with the reset pulse R of RS and generation N position binary counter, N position binary counter is resetted, just at reverser T ₄Output terminal obtain shifting pulse

Signal.

Shift pulse

Driving pulse With

Reset pulse

This four road driving pulse produces after be added to oppositely on the respective pin of first line array CCD 19 that model in the CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit 3 is TCD1206SUP and second line array CCD 210.

Described A/D includes with SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer 2: the analog switch 5 that links to each other with CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit 3, the A/D conversion 6, the SRAM7 sum counter 8 that link to each other with CCD driving circuit 1 respectively, described analog switch 5, A/D conversion 6 also links to each other successively with SRAM 7, described counter 8 outputs connect SRAM 7, and described SRAM7 connects the data acquisition interface circuit 4 based on parallel interface.

Described A/D conversion 6 is to be finished by 8 high-speed video A/D conversion chip CA3318CE, and this A/D converter spare speed is very fast, is not more than 67ns switching time, and the high conversion rate of A/D conversion chip CA3318CE is 15MHz.

Described CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit 3 includes two the first identical line array CCDs 19 and second line array CCD 2 10, the signal of described first line array CCD 1 (9) and the output of second line array CCD 2 (10) all is divided into two-way to be handled, one the tunnel enters A/D and SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer 2, another road enters binary conversion treatment circuit 11/12, described binary conversion treatment circuit 11/12 connects the phase inverter 13/14 and the first latch N11/N21 respectively, described phase inverter 13/14 connects the second latch N12/N22, also be provided with counter 15 and code translator 16, described counter 15 is connected the first latch N11/N21 and the second latch N12/N22 respectively with code translator 16, and the described first latch N11/N21 and the second latch N12/N22 all are connected the data acquisition interface circuit 4 based on parallel interface.

The binaryzation collecting method and the computer interface circuit that adopt are that the edge send several method binaryzation data acquisition interface circuit.Shown in Figure 4ly be the functional-block diagram that the edge send several method binaryzation data acquisition computer interface circuits.Full sized pules (can be reset pulse RS or the pixel sampling pulse SP of CCD) by binary counter 15 every row of first line array CCD 19 and second line array CCD, 2 10 horizontal synchronizing pulse Fc control is several, when full sized pules is the reset pulse RS of first line array CCD 19 and second line array CCD 2 10 or pixel sampling pulse SP, counter 15 certain count value constantly are that linear array first line array CCD 19 and second line array CCD 2 10 are exported the position number value as quick unit at the moment, if will be this moment the numerical value latch N11 that deposited of counter 15, N12, N21, N22 latchs, latch N11 so, N12, N21, N22 just can export the position of first line array CCD 19 and second line array CCD, 2 10 certain feature pixel, and stores.

The working pulse waveform of this mode as shown in Figure 5.Counter is at the position number of periodically exporting pixel in this manner.In addition, the vision signal that is loaded with the testee vibrational image of first line array CCD 19 and 2 10 outputs of second line array CCD produces the square-wave pulse of measured signal through the binary conversion treatment circuit, and the forward and backward edge of square-wave pulse corresponds respectively to two positions on first line array CCD 19 and second line array CCD 2 10.Give two edge signals respectively with square-wave pulse and produce circuit, this circuit produces two rising edges, and they correspond respectively to the forward and backward edge of square-wave pulse, i.e. two positions on first line array CCD 19 and second line array CCD 2 10.Latch the numerical value of N that binary counter is counted at rising edge constantly respectively with two storeies of these two edge pulse enable signals ₁₁And N ₁₂, N then ₁₁Be pairing positional value of the binaryzation square wave front edge moment, N ₁₂For the back along pairing positional value.When being expert at end cycle, computer software is respectively with N ₁₁And N ₁₂Value deposits calculator memory in by LPTx ports.Just can obtain the width information of binaryzation square-wave pulse with by the positional information of altimetric image on first line array CCD 19 and second line array CCD, 2 10 image planes.

The non-contact synchronous measuring instrument of roadbed of the present invention and rail vibration, measuring instrument adopts two first line array CCDs that model is TCD1206SUP ₁9 and second line array CCD ₂10, and two cover optical imaging systems carry out synchronous data collection to the vibration signal of roadbed and rail respectively.First line array CCD ₁9 and second line array CCD ₂10 distinguish outputting video signal U under the effect of driving circuit ₀₁With U ₀₂They all are divided into two-way handle, the one tunnel sends into the binary conversion treatment circuit carries out binaryzation data acquisition and processing.The pre-processing and amplifying in another road after analog switch (to first line array CCD ₁9 and second line array CCD ₂10 outputting video signal U ₀₁With U ₀₂Choose) send into the A/D change-over circuit and be converted to digital signal, clock-pulse circuit produces the enabling signal SPA of A/D converter and the address of data-carrier store SRAM, can deposit a certain width of cloth or a few width of cloth video image in people's highspeed static memory (SRAM) as required, can send into computing machine to the image among the SRAM through enhancement mode parallel port (EPP) as required then and show and processing, so that observe first line array CCD respectively ₁9 and second line array CCD ₂10 duties.

As shown in Figure 6, roadbed vibration survey principle is fully identical with the rail vibration measuring principle.

The black matrix informal voucher pattern of establishing in the roadbed and the rail rail outside 17 is imaged onto on the photosensitive image planes of line array CCD 19 through optical imagery object lens 18, and the output terminal of line array CCD 19 will obtain output signal U as shown in Figure 7 ₀

SH is the transfer pulse of line array CCD.This pulse is commonly used for line synchronizing signal, finishes the synchro control of CCD and counter.Under the driving pulse effect, line array CCD output U as shown in the figure ₀Signal.With U ₀Signal obtains binaryzation square-wave pulse output shown in Figure 7 after binarization circuit is handled, the forward position of pulse is corresponding to black and white limit N ₁, then the edge is corresponding to white black surround N ₂Informal voucher central value N should be

$N\left(t\right)=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="N"\; filenames="HSA00000212885600012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">N</figure-callout>}}_1+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="N"\; filenames="HSA00000212885600011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">N</figure-callout>}}_2}{2}---\left(1\right)$

If track initial (during t=0) position when not being subjected to the impact of locomotive is N (t)=N ₀, when the track excited vibration (t 〉=0), the informal voucher image on the track line array CCD as quick cell array on do upper and lower vibration.When integral time of line array CCD much smaller than track vibration during the cycle, line array CCD is constantly exported informal voucher picture videos of different locations signal U on the CCD image planes ₀With video output signals U ₀Obtain the binaryzation square-wave signal of each integral time through the binary conversion treatment circuit, and obtain orbital position N (t) value of this integral time through the binaryzation data acquisition circuit.The pass of the time shifting amount S (t) of N (t) value and track is

$S\left(t\right)=\frac{(N\left(t\right)-N_0)l}{\mathrm{\&beta;}}---\left(2\right)$

In the formula: 1 is the centre distance of CCD two adjacent pixels; β is the horizontal enlargement ratio of optical imaging system.

β can demarcate at any time by known informal voucher width W

$\mathrm{\&beta;}=\frac{l(N_2-N_1)}{W}---\left(3\right)$

(1) and (3) formula substitution (2) formula are obtained time shifting amount S (t) and measured value N ₁With N ₂Relation

$S\left(t\right)=\frac{[N_1-N_1\left(0\right)]+[N_2-N_2\left(0\right)]}{2(N_2-N_1)}W---\left(4\right)$

(4) formula of utilization can obtain the displacement S (t) that rail vibrates in vertical direction.Continuous acquisition a period of time obtains a series of S (t) value, with (optical-integral-time of the CCD) expansion on a time period of these S (t) value, just obtains the track vibration oscillogram.In embodiments of the present invention, make N ₁(0)=N ₁(0)=0.

Claims (4)

1. the non-contact synchronous measuring instrument of roadbed and rail vibration, it is characterized in that, include CCD driving circuit (1), A/D and SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer (2), CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit (3) and based on the data acquisition interface circuit (4) of parallel interface, wherein, described CCD driving circuit (1) connects CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit (3) and A/D and SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer (2) respectively, for the CCD device provides necessary working pulse, and the interface signal between generation and the data collecting card; The output of described CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit (3) and A/D are connected the data acquisition interface circuit (4) based on parallel interface with the output of SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer (2).

2. the non-contact synchronous measuring instrument of roadbed according to claim 1 and rail vibration is characterized in that, described CCD driving circuit (1) adopts field programmable logic device (CPLD).

3. the non-contact synchronous measuring instrument of roadbed according to claim 1 and rail vibration, it is characterized in that, described A/D includes with SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer (2): the analog switch (5) that links to each other with CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit (3), the A/D conversion (6) that links to each other with CCD driving circuit (1) respectively, SRAM (7) sum counter (8), described analog switch (5), A/D conversion (6) also links to each other successively with SRAM (7), described counter (8) output connects SRAM (7), and described SRAM (7) connects the data acquisition interface circuit (4) based on parallel interface.

4. the non-contact synchronous measuring instrument of roadbed according to claim 1 and rail vibration, it is characterized in that, described CCD vision signal binary conversion treatment unit (3) includes two the first identical line array CCDs 1 (9) and second line array CCD 2 (10), the signal of described first line array CCD 1 (9) and the output of second line array CCD 2 (10) all is divided into two-way to be handled, one the tunnel enters A/D and SRAM work schedule controller and address counter timing sequencer (2), another road enters binary conversion treatment circuit (11/12), described binary conversion treatment circuit (11/12) connects phase inverter (13/14) and first latch (N11/N21) respectively, described phase inverter (13/14) connects second latch (N12/N22), also be provided with counter (15) and code translator (16), described counter (15) is connected first latch (N11/N21) and second latch (N12/N22) respectively with code translator (16), and described first latch (N11/N21) and second latch (N12/N22) all are connected the data acquisition interface circuit (4) based on parallel interface.

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