CN101915459B - Nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector - Google Patents

Nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector Download PDF

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CN101915459B
CN101915459B CN2010102660525A CN201010266052A CN101915459B CN 101915459 B CN101915459 B CN 101915459B CN 2010102660525 A CN2010102660525 A CN 2010102660525A CN 201010266052 A CN201010266052 A CN 201010266052A CN 101915459 B CN101915459 B CN 101915459B
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vacuum tube
nano
heat collector
absorption type
solar heat
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CN101915459A (en
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何玉荣
田枫林
任亚涛
张�成
秦斌
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44Heat exchange systems

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Abstract

The invention relates to a nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector, in particular to a solar heat collector, which solves the problems of great heat loss and low heat collection efficiency of the conventional heat collectors. The nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector of the invention comprises N vacuum pipes, N reflecting mirrors, a first heat insulation communicating pipe and a second heat insulation communicating pipe, wherein the N vacuum pipes are arranged in a row; one open end of each vacuum pipe is communicated with the first heat insulation communicating pipe through a rotary joint respectively, while the other end is communicated with the second heat insulation communicating pipe through the rotary joint respectively; the first communicating pipe is communicated with a water outlet; the second heat insulation communicating pipe is communicated with a water inlet; one reflecting mirror is arranged below each vacuum pipe respectively; working medium in each vacuum pipe comprises a fluid substrate; nanoparticles are also added into the working medium in each vacuum pipe; and N is an integer more than 2. The solar heat collector is used for converting solar energy into heat energy.

Description

Nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar thermal collector.
Background technology
Along with the development of economy, the problem of the energy and environment becomes increasingly conspicuous, and traditional energy causes great impact to environment, so the utilization rate that improves the energy that taps a new source of energy is current primary goal.Solar energy receives much concern as a kind of safe, cleaning, cheap regenerative resource.
Solar thermal collector can convert solar energy into heat energy, traditional heat collector adopts the clear glass vacuum tube as attemperator, utilize the mode transferring heat of secondary heat exchange, namely utilize absorber coatings to absorb sunlight heat, the sunlight heat that absorbs is passed to working medium water again.Because the thermal conductivity factor of water is lower, thermal resistance is larger between solid-liquid, conducts heat to require that the larger temperature difference is arranged, and therefore, absorber coatings is larger to the thermal loss that external radiation causes, and the collecting efficiency of heat collector is low.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is that traditional heat collector thermal loss is large, the low problem of collecting efficiency of heat collector in order to solve, a kind of nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector is provided.
The present invention is achieved by following proposal: nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector, it comprises N vacuum tube, N speculum, the first insulation communicating pipe and the second insulation communicating pipe, N vacuum tube chain is a row, the two ends of vacuum tube are openend, an openend of each vacuum tube is communicated with communicating pipe with the first insulation by rotary connector respectively, another openend of each vacuum tube is communicated with communicating pipe with the second insulation by rotary connector respectively, the first communicating pipe was communicated with delivery port, the second insulation is communicated with water inlet communicating pipe, the below of each vacuum tube is respectively arranged with a speculum, comprise fluid matrix in the working media in each vacuum tube pipe, also add nano particle in the working media in described each vacuum tube pipe, wherein, N is the integer greater than 2.
Working media in the pipe of the vacuum tube of solar thermal collector of the present invention is nano-fluid, is about to nano particle and is dissolved in the stable suspension that obtains in the fluid matrix.In fluid matrix, add the thermal conductivity factor that nano particle can improve fluid significantly, and because nano particle diameter is very little, in liquid, has good dispersiveness and stable, therefore adopt the novel nano fluent material of high heat absorption rate as heat absorption working medium, can very fast reaching a high temperature, and adopt the direct-type absorbing heat, thermal loss obviously reduces, and because its relatively high thermal conductivity, nano-fluid circulates between a plurality of vacuum tubes and user side heat-exchanger rig, heat is passed to rapidly the user, make solar thermal collector of the present invention have higher collecting efficiency.
Adopt solar thermal collector of the present invention, under the sunshine direct projection, can in 1.5~2 hours, reach the highest stabilizing temperature, near 80 ℃ of described highest stabilizing temperature, with traditional solar thermal collector under the sunshine direct projection of same intensity, needs just can reach the highest stabilizing temperature in about 3 hours, and described highest stabilizing temperature is 70 ℃ to be compared, and solar thermal collector of the present invention has the advantage that thermal loss is little, collecting efficiency is high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the specific embodiment one; Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the specific embodiment nine; Fig. 3 is the collecting efficiency figure as a result of the solar thermal collector of different nano-fluid materials, wherein, the point of band " △ " mark is the heating-up temperature characteristic point over time of adding the solar thermal collector of aligned carbon nanotube in the fluid matrix, the point of band " " mark is the heating-up temperature characteristic point over time of adding the solar thermal collector of nano titanium oxide in the fluid matrix, the point of band " zero " mark is the heating-up temperature characteristic point over time of the solar thermal collector of working media for adopting distilled water, and the point of band " * " mark is the heating-up temperature characteristic point over time of the solar thermal collector of working media for adopting air; Fig. 4 is the collecting efficiency figure as a result that adds the solar thermal collector of different concentrations of nanoparticles, wherein, the point of band " △ " mark is that concentrations of nanoparticles is the heating-up temperature characteristic point over time of the working media of 1.0%wt, the point of band " zero " mark is that concentrations of nanoparticles is the heating-up temperature characteristic point over time of the working media of 0.5%wt, and the point of band " * " mark is that concentrations of nanoparticles is the heating-up temperature characteristic point over time of the working media of 0.25%wt.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: specify present embodiment below in conjunction with Fig. 1.Nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector, it comprises N vacuum tube 1, N speculum 2, the first insulation communicating pipe 3 and the second insulation communicating pipe 4, N vacuum tube 1 row is a row, the two ends of vacuum tube 1 are openend, an openend of each vacuum tube 1 is communicated with communicating pipe 3 with the first insulation by rotary connector respectively, another openend of each vacuum tube 1 is communicated with communicating pipe 4 with the second insulation by rotary connector respectively, the first communicating pipe 3 was communicated with delivery port, the second insulation is communicated with water inlet communicating pipe 4, the below of each vacuum tube 1 is respectively arranged with a speculum 2, comprise fluid matrix in the working media in each vacuum tube 1 pipe, also add nano particle in the working media in described each vacuum tube 1 pipe, wherein, N is the integer greater than 2.
Working media in the pipe of the vacuum tube 1 of the described solar thermal collector of present embodiment is nano-fluid, is about to nano particle and is dissolved in the stable suspension that obtains in the fluid matrix.In fluid matrix, add the thermal conductivity factor that nano particle can significantly improve fluid, and because nano particle diameter is very little, in liquid, has good dispersiveness and stable, therefore adopt the novel nano fluent material of high heat absorption rate as heat absorption working medium, can very fast reaching a high temperature, adopt the direct-type absorbing heat, thermal loss obviously reduces, and because its relatively high thermal conductivity, nano-fluid circulates between a plurality of vacuum tubes and user side heat-exchanger rig, heat is passed to rapidly the user, make the described solar thermal collector of present embodiment have higher collecting efficiency.
Adopt the described solar thermal collector of present embodiment, under the sunshine direct projection, can in 1.5~2 hours, reach the highest stabilizing temperature, near 80 ℃ of described highest stabilizing temperature, with traditional solar thermal collector under the sunshine direct projection of same intensity, needs reached the highest stabilizing temperature in about 3 hours, and described highest stabilizing temperature is 70 ℃ to be compared, and the described solar thermal collector of present embodiment has the advantage that thermal loss is little, collecting efficiency is high.
The specific embodiment two: the difference of present embodiment and the specific embodiment one described nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector is: described vacuum tube 1 is oval-shaped clear glass vacuum tube for axial cross-sectional shape.
In the present embodiment, be oval with the shape of cross section of vacuum tube 1, described oval-shaped major axis is 40~60mm, minor axis is 30~50mm, in contrast to traditional shape of cross section and is circular vacuum tube, adopts the described vacuum tube 1 of present embodiment, allow described oval-shaped macropinacoid to the sun, can increase endotherm area, reduce simultaneously the liquid layer thickness of 1 working media in the vacuum tube, improve the collecting efficiency of solar thermal collector.
The specific embodiment three: the difference of present embodiment and the specific embodiment one and two described nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collectors is: the minute surface axis projection of described speculum 2 is parabola, the focus place that is centered close to speculum 2 of vacuum tube 1.
Adopting the reflecting surface of the described speculum 2 of present embodiment is parabolic surface, the sunshine that incides reflecting surface can be reflected and converges to the center of vacuum tube 1, the below of vacuum tube 1 is provided with described concave mirror, so that the back side of vacuum tube 1 receives the radiation of sunshine simultaneously, improve the collecting efficiency of the described solar thermal collector of present embodiment.
The specific embodiment four: the difference of present embodiment and the specific embodiment three described nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collectors is: the fluid matrix in described each vacuum tube 1 pipe is deionized water or glycol water.
Fluid matrix in each vacuum tube 1 pipe is deionized water, glycol water or other organic solution, and the described fluid matrix of present embodiment is chosen as deionized water, has the high characteristics of thermal capacitance; In the winter of cold, the matrix of fluid matrix is chosen as glycol water or other organic solvents, can reduce the freezing point of working media.
The specific embodiment five: the difference of present embodiment and the specific embodiment one, two and four described nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collectors is: also add sodium salicylate, neopelex or softex kw as stabilizing agent in the working media in the pipe of described each vacuum tube 1.
Add stabilizing agent in the working media of present embodiment in the pipe of vacuum tube 1, can make being dispersed in the liquid of nano particle stable and uniform through sonic oscillation, and coagulation does not occur, improved the service life of heat collector.
The specific embodiment six: the difference of present embodiment and the specific embodiment five described nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collectors is: described nano particle is aligned carbon nanotube, and described directional nano pipe is that caliber is that 10~20nm, length are the black tubular nanometer material of 1~2 μ m.
The described nano particle of present embodiment is aligned carbon nanotube, because other nano particles are higher relatively for the thermal conductivity factor of CNT own, can improve significantly the thermal conductivity of fluid, and to have added the working media behind the aligned carbon nanotube be black, have very high photo absorption performance.
The specific embodiment seven: the difference of present embodiment and the specific embodiment five described nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collectors is: described nano particle is nano titanium oxide, and described nano titanium oxide is that particle diameter is the white spherical nano material of 5~10nm.
The specific embodiment eight: the difference of present embodiment and the specific embodiment five described nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collectors is: described nano particle is Nanometer Copper, nano cupric oxide or nano aluminium oxide.
The described Nanometer Copper of present embodiment, nano cupric oxide or nano aluminium oxide have the good light thermal characteristics.
The specific embodiment nine: specify present embodiment below in conjunction with Fig. 2.The difference of present embodiment and the specific embodiment one, two, four, six, seven and eight described nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collectors is: it also comprises control system 5 and N tumbler 6, the acp chip of the controller of described control system 6 is single-chip microcomputer, tumbler 5 is under the control of control system 6, and tumbler 5 is adjusted the deflection angle of speculum 2 and vacuum tube 1.
Because the sun all is east every day to be risen the west and falls, and the position of solar thermal collector is fixed.The shape of cross section of vacuum tube 1 is oval in the present embodiment, for so that vacuum tube 1 can maximum area the radiation of reception sunshine, the described speculum 2 of present embodiment and vacuum tube 1 are under the drive of tumbler 6, according to the sunshine angle, control system presets the control of time control information and adjusts the deflection angle of speculum 2, and then has increased the collecting efficiency of the described solar thermal collector of present embodiment.
The specific embodiment ten: specify present embodiment below in conjunction with Fig. 3, Fig. 4.For studying different nano-fluid materials to the impact on the collecting efficiency of the described solar thermal collector of present embodiment of the working media of the impact of the collecting efficiency of the described solar thermal collector of present embodiment and different concentrations of nanoparticles, do following experiment.
Experiment one, under identical experimental situation, for different nano-fluid materials, measure to add the collecting efficiency of the heat collector of different nano particles.In Fig. 3, respectively for the working media that adds aligned carbon nanotube, add the working media of nano titanium oxide, the temperature of different time points is measured in distilled water and the air, therefrom can find out within the identical time, adopt aligned carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide will be higher than distilled water and airborne collecting efficiency as the collecting efficiency of the solar thermal collector of nano-fluid material, wherein, adopt aligned carbon nanotube the highest as the collecting efficiency of the solar thermal collector of nano-fluid material, and adopt highest stabilizing temperature that aligned carbon nanotube can reach as the solar thermal collector of nano-fluid material also far above the highest stabilizing temperature in other three kinds of situations.Reach a conclusion: the aligned carbon nanotube fluid is at extinction, and two aspects of conducting heat all have obvious superiority.
The experiment two, under identical experimental situation, for the working media that is added with aligned carbon nanotube of different concentrations of nanoparticles, measure the collecting efficiency of described heat collector.In Fig. 4, be that the working media that the working media of 1.0%wt, working media that concentrations of nanoparticles is 0.5%wt and concentrations of nanoparticles are 0.25%wt is measured in the temperature of different time points for concentrations of nanoparticles respectively, can find out that adopting concentrations of nanoparticles is that the collecting efficiency of heat collector of working media of 0.5%wt is the highest.Reach a conclusion: the collecting efficiency of heat collector increases with the growth of granule density.When concentration rises to a certain degree, because light transmission reduces, fluid temperature (F.T.) no longer rises.

Claims (8)

1. the vacuum tube axial cross section is oval-shaped nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector, it comprises N vacuum tube (1), N speculum (2), the first insulation communicating pipe (3) and the second insulation communicating pipe (4), N vacuum tube (1) row is a row, the two ends of vacuum tube (1) are openend, an openend of each vacuum tube (1) is communicated with the first insulation communicating pipe (3) by rotary connector respectively, another openend of each vacuum tube (1) is communicated with the second insulation communicating pipe (4) by rotary connector respectively, the first insulation communicating pipe (3) is communicated with delivery port, the second insulation communicating pipe (4) is communicated with water inlet, the below of each vacuum tube (1) is respectively arranged with a speculum (2), comprise fluid matrix in the working media in each vacuum tube (1) pipe, also add nano particle in the working media in described each vacuum tube (1) pipe, wherein, N is the integer greater than 2; It is characterized in that: described vacuum tube (1) is oval-shaped clear glass vacuum tube for axial cross-sectional shape.
2. vacuum tube axial cross section according to claim 1 is oval-shaped nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector, it is characterized in that: the minute surface axis projection of described speculum (2) is parabola, the focus place that is centered close to speculum (2) of vacuum tube (1).
3. vacuum tube axial cross section according to claim 2 is oval-shaped nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector, it is characterized in that: the fluid matrix in described each vacuum tube (1) pipe is deionized water or glycol water.
According to claim 1 or 3 described vacuum tube axial cross sections be oval-shaped nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector, it is characterized in that: also add sodium salicylate, neopelex or softex kw as stabilizing agent in the working media in the pipe of described each vacuum tube (1).
5. vacuum tube axial cross section according to claim 4 is oval-shaped nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector, it is characterized in that: described nano particle is aligned carbon nanotube, and described aligned carbon nanotube is that caliber is that 10~20nm, length are the black tubular nanometer material of 1~2 μ m.
6. vacuum tube axial cross section according to claim 4 is oval-shaped nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector, it is characterized in that: described nano particle is nano titanium oxide, and described nano titanium oxide is that particle diameter is the white spherical nano material of 5~10nm.
7. vacuum tube axial cross section according to claim 4 is oval-shaped nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector, it is characterized in that: described nano particle is Nanometer Copper, nano cupric oxide or nano aluminium oxide.
8. according to claim 1,3,5 or 6 described vacuum tube axial cross sections are oval-shaped nano-fluid direct absorption type solar heat collector, it is characterized in that: it also comprises control system (5) and N tumbler (6), the acp chip of the controller of described control system (5) is single-chip microcomputer, tumbler (6) is under the control of control system (5), and tumbler (6) is adjusted the deflection angle of speculum (2) and vacuum tube (1).
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Cited By (1)

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WO2017025699A1 (en) * 2015-08-13 2017-02-16 Gas Expansion Motors Limited Solar energy collector

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CN102434981A (en) * 2011-09-15 2012-05-02 上海海事大学 Flat heat pipe type nano-fluid solar collector
CN103194185A (en) * 2013-04-24 2013-07-10 哈尔滨工业大学 Preparation method of viscoelastic fluid-based copper nanofluid
CN103940104A (en) * 2014-03-26 2014-07-23 中国科学院电工研究所 Micro-nano-graphite flake fluid solar thermal collector
CN104164222A (en) * 2014-08-01 2014-11-26 中山火炬职业技术学院 High-heat conductivity coefficient water-based nanofluid and preparation method thereof
EP3228192A3 (en) 2016-03-30 2018-01-17 Basf Se Extraction and use of melanin or melanin particles for solar thermal energy conversion
CN106085373A (en) * 2016-06-15 2016-11-09 内蒙古旭力恒新能源开发有限公司 A kind of solar heating superconducting fluid special
CN107940774A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-04-20 太阳雨集团有限公司 A kind of solar energy heat collector and solar water heating system

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CN2516899Y (en) * 2001-11-30 2002-10-16 朱自文 Split solar water heater with vacuum pipe
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