A kind of preparation method of oxiracetam compound
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oxiracetam compound and novel method thereof, belong to medical technical field.
Background technology
Oxiracetam, chemistry is by name: 4-hydroxyl-2-OXo-1-pyrrolidine ethanamide, molecular formula: C
6H
10N
2O
3Molecular weight: 158.16, structural formula is:
Oxiracetam is the analogue of piracetam, can improve senile dementia and dysmnesia disease patient's memory and learning functionality.Mechanism result of study prompting, oxiracetam can promote that Phosphorylcholine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine are synthetic, and the ratio of ATP/ADP in the raising brain makes the synthetic increase of protein and nucleic acid in the brain.
Oxiracetam is more synthetic first in 1974 than Qie Mu company by Italian SmithKline, listing in 1984, by two kinds of isomer (S)-oxiracetam with (R)-raceme that oxiracetam is formed.At present, the synthetic route of bibliographical information has multiple:
Chinese patent CN1513836A discloses the method for a kind of 4-of preparation hydroxy pyrrolidone-2-acetamine (oxiracetam); With 4-halo acetoacetate derivative is starting raw material; At first the trinitride with basic metal or earth alkali metal reacts; After obtaining 4-nitrine acetoacetate derivative, through steps such as hydrogenation, cyclisation, ammonifications, finally obtain oxiracetam again.Synthetic route is:
Disclosing improving one's methods of a kind of oxiracetam among the Chinese patent CN101121688A, is that starting raw material prepares oxiracetam with the ketene dimer, and through the chlorination open loop, resterification makes oxiracetam.Synthetic route is:
Above-mentioned two patent synthetic routes are comparatively complicated, consuming time longer, cause the finished product yield very low, increased cost greatly, are not suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
Chinese patent CN101575309A discloses a kind of method of synthetic (S)-oxiracetam, is starting raw material with the glycocoll, with chiral reagent (S)-4-halogen-3-butyric ester reaction; Carry out esterification with ethanol again; Product reacts with ammoniacal liquor again, and ammonia is separated, and obtains product (S)-oxiracetam.Synthetic route is:
Chinese patent CN1956953A discloses the preparation method of a kind of 4-hydroxyl-2-oxidation-1-pyrrolidine acetamide, and synthetic route is:
Above-mentioned two patent steps are simple, but used midbody is difficult for purchase, costs an arm and a leg, and cost is high, and the final product purity that obtains is lower, and is not easy purifying.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel method of synthesizing oxiracetam compound, solved preparation process complicacy in the prior art, complex steps, cost is high, and product purity is low, is difficult for the shortcoming of purifying.
The technical scope that the present invention solves comprises:
The compound method of the oxiracetam compound shown in a kind of formula (I),
Synthesis step is:
(1), makes midbody (III) 4-chloro-3-hydroxyl-yulocrotine with 3-chloro-acetaldehyde cyanhydrin and vitriol oil stirring reaction under heating condition of formula (II);
(2) condensation reaction generation midbody (IV) 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone takes place in 4-chloro-3-hydroxyl-yulocrotine in the presence of sodium hydroxide;
(3) under solvent and sodium methylate existence condition, with ethyl chloroacetate prepared in reaction midbody (VI) 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone ETHYLE ACETATE of 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone and formula V;
(4) under the absolute ethyl alcohol existence condition, place autoclave to react in 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone ETHYLE ACETATE and liquefied ammonia, make oxiracetam.
Synthetic route is:
Wherein, (II) be 3-chloro-acetaldehyde cyanhydrin; (III) be 4-chloro-3-hydroxyl-yulocrotine; (IV) be 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone; (V) be ethyl chloroacetate; (VI) be 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone ETHYLE ACETATE; Et represents ethyl.
Preferably; The solvent of step (3) is selected from a kind of in isopropyl ether, ether, ethylene dichloride, santochlor, acetonitrile, hexanaphthene, sherwood oil, ETHYLE ACETATE, dimethylol propionic acid, methylene dichloride, trifluoroacetic acid, the methyl-phenoxide in the above-mentioned described method, is preferably isopropyl ether.
As the present invention's one preferred embodiment, the preparation method of described oxiracetam compound specifically comprises the steps:
(1) the 3-chloro-acetaldehyde cyanhydrin and the vitriol oil are mixed, stir, be warmed up to 50-60 ℃; Reaction 2-3h, cool to room temperature is poured reactant in the mixture of ice and water into then; Stir; Use ethyl acetate extraction, the anhydrous sodium sulfate drying organic phase, concentrating under reduced pressure gets oily matter product 4-chloro-3-hydroxyl-yulocrotine;
(2) will go up step midbody 4-chloro-3-hydroxyl-yulocrotine and absolute ethyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide mixing, be warmed up to 50-60 ℃, reaction 10-15h; Ethanol is reclaimed in underpressure distillation then; In residuum, add ETHYLE ACETATE, stir 20-30min, filter; Concentrating under reduced pressure, residue gets 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone with the Virahol recrystallization;
(3) 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone and sodium methylate, isopropyl ether are mixed, be stirred and heated to backflow, stirring reaction 4-5h; Slowly drip the solution that ethyl chloroacetate and isopropyl ether form then, keep simultaneously being reflected at reflux state, continue reaction 4-5 hour after dripping; Cool to room temperature then; Cross and filter out residue, underpressure distillation gets 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone ETHYLE ACETATE;
(4) in autoclave, add absolute ethyl alcohol and 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone ETHYLE ACETATE, and feed liquefied ammonia, stirring reaction 20-24 hour under certain condition; After reaction finishes; With the reaction solution cool to room temperature, reclaim ammonia, the underpressure distillation solvent is to doing; Use ethyl alcohol recrystallization again, get white crystals product oxiracetam.
Wherein step (4) reaction kettle pressure remains on 7atm, and maintain is at 55-60 ℃.
Embodiment
Synthesizing of embodiment 1 4-chloro-3-hydroxyl-yulocrotine
In three mouthfuls of reaction flasks, add 478g (4mol) the 3-chloro-acetaldehyde cyanhydrin and the 500ml vitriol oil, stir, be warmed up to 50 ℃; Reaction 2h, cool to room temperature is poured reactant in the mixture of ice and water of 2000ml then; Stir, use the ethyl acetate extraction three times of 800ml respectively, the anhydrous sodium sulfate drying organic phase; Concentrating under reduced pressure gets oily matter product 495g product, yield 90%.
Synthesizing of embodiment 2 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidones
To go up step midbody 275g (2mol) 4-chloro-3-hydroxyl-yulocrotine and 2L absolute ethyl alcohol, the mixing of 85g sodium hydroxide, be warmed up to 50 ℃, reaction 15h; Ethanol is reclaimed in underpressure distillation then, in residuum, adds 1000ml ETHYLE ACETATE, stirs 30min; Filter, remove insolubles, concentrating under reduced pressure ETHYLE ACETATE; Residue adopts the Virahol recrystallization to get white solid 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone 161g, yield 80%.
Synthesizing of embodiment 3 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone ETHYLE ACETATE
In reaction flask, add isopropyl ether 1000ml and 101g (1mol) 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone, 60g sodium methylate, be stirred and heated to backflow, stirring reaction 5h; Solution becomes clear liquid, slowly drips the solution that 122g (1mol) ethyl chloroacetate and 500ml isopropyl ether form then, keeps being reflected at reflux state simultaneously; Continue reaction 5h after dripping; Cool to room temperature is crossed and is filtered to remove the solid residue in the reaction solution, decompression and solvent recovery then; The underpressure distillation product gets the 147g colourless liquid again, yield 79%.
Synthesizing of embodiment 4 oxiracetams
In autoclave, add absolute ethyl alcohol 600ml with on the product 4-hydroxyl-2-Pyrrolidone ETHYLE ACETATE 93g (0.5mol) in step, and in reaction kettle, feed liquefied ammonia 350g, the pressure of reaction kettle is remained on 7atm; Maintain is at 55-60 ℃, and stirring reaction 24h is after reaction finishes; With the reaction solution cool to room temperature, with the ammonia of regenerating column absorbing redundant, the underpressure distillation solvent is to doing; The ethyl alcohol recrystallization of adding 90% gets white crystals product oxiracetam 71g, yield 90%; Purity 99.9%, MP:168 ℃.
Structural identification
1HNMR(CDCl
3,300MHz)δ1.33(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.38(dd,1H,J=17.5,J=2.8Hz),2.69(dd,1H,J=17.2,J=6.7Hz),3.36(dd,1H,J=10.1,J=1.7Hz),3.72(dd,1H,J=10.0,J=5.2Hz),3.94(d,1H,J=17.7Hz),4.22(d,1H,J=17.1Hz),4.33(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.35(bs,1H),4.57(m,1H)。