Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of photoelectrocatalysidevice device and utilize this device photoelectrocatalysis reducing heavy metal ionic method.
Photoelectrocatalysidevice device provided by the present invention comprises power supply, TiO
2Light anode, counter electrode, liquid container, reaction soln, magnetic stir bar, magnetic stirring apparatus and light source; Wherein, described TiO
2The light anode is TiO
2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode, described counter electrode are acid metal sheet or acid metal net.
Described TiO
2TiO in the nano-pipe array thin film
2The length of nanotube can be 100nm~1 μ m, and internal diameter can be 20~200nm, and thickness of pipe can be 5~50nm.
Described counter electrode specifically can be titanium sheet, titanium net, platinized platinum or platinum guaze.
Described TiO
2The light anode can be 10-0.1 with the area ratio of counter electrode: 1, be preferably 4-1: 1.
Described power supply is a direct supply, and its voltage is 0.5-5V; Described light source can be ultraviolet lamp.
In electric light catalytic unit provided by the present invention, described light source is arranged on around the liquid container, and described liquid container is arranged on the magnetic stirring apparatus, and described reaction solution and magnetic stir bar are arranged in the liquid container, described TiO
2Light anode and counter electrode all are arranged in the reaction solution.
Used TiO among the present invention
2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode can prepare according to following method:
(1) the Ti sheet is cleaned in acetone, ethanol, deionized water for ultrasonic successively, then at mol ratio HF: HNO
3: H
2O=1: (2~5): polishing 30s handles in the mixing solutions of (5~20), and deionized water rinsing dries;
(2) be in the 0.3-0.5%HF solution in mass concentration, as anode, the Pt electrode is as negative electrode with the Ti sheet, and anodic oxidation 10-60min obtains TiO under the 15-30V voltage
2Nano-pipe array thin film;
(3) with TiO
2Nano-pipe array thin film deionized water ultrasonic cleaning is dried, and 350~550 ℃ of roasting 0.5~3h obtain TiO in the air atmosphere
2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode.
Photoelectrocatalysis reducing heavy metal ionic method provided by the present invention, be that the solution that will contain heavy metal ion places photoelectrocatalysidevice device provided by the present invention, with organism as hole trapping agents, inorganic salt as ionogen, the solution that contains heavy metal ion is carried out the photoelectrocatalysis reduction reaction.
Described heavy metal ion can be selected from following at least a ion: Cr (VI), Hg (II), Pb (II) and Cu (II); The described pH value that contains the solution of heavy metal ion is 1-4, and the concentration of heavy metal ion is 0-2mmol/L, but does not comprise 0mmol/L.
Described hole trapping agents specifically can be citric acid, 4-chlorophenol, rhodamine B or methylene blue; In the reaction solution of described photoelectrocatalysis reduction reaction, the working concentration of citric acid, 4-chlorophenol is 0.01~5mmol/L, and the working concentration of rhodamine B, methylene blue is 0~0.1mmol/L.
Described ionogen specifically can be NaCl, Na
2SO
4Or NaClO
4, electrolytical working concentration described in the reaction solution of described photoelectrocatalysis reduction reaction is 0~1mol/L.
The present invention is with the TiO of high-specific surface area
2The negative electrode triplicity of nanotube anode, photoelectrocatalysis technology, high surface area proposes a kind of method of the contour toxic heavy metal pollutant effluents of Cr (VI) of can degrading efficiently.
The present invention takes above technical scheme, has the following advantages: 1, TiO
2The general TiO of nano-pipe array thin film
2Film has higher specific surface area, and the conduction that its tubular structure helps electronics shows higher activity.2, apply bias voltage and can promote the separation of electron-hole pair with the transfer transport that produces on the light anode to negative electrode.3, because the heavy metal reduction reaction occurs in counter electrode, adopt large-area counter electrode,, greatly improved the degradation rate of Cr heavy metals such as (VI) for metal ion provides more adsorption site and reduction reaction avtive spot.4, the good stability of reaction unit of the present invention, it is still very high to reuse repeatedly activity.5, method proposed by the invention is simple, inexpensive, efficient, stable, can be applicable to thoroughly handling fast of high density Cr heavy metal wastewater therebies such as (VI), has very high practical value and application prospect, is easy to promote the use of.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention is with TiO
2Nanotube and the combination of photoelectrocatalysis technology, and adopt large-area Ti net or Pt net etc. to be applied to the reduction of heavy metal ion such as Cr (VI) as counter electrode.By applying bias voltage electronics is led on the large-area counter electrode, with the heavy metal ion generation reduction reaction that fully is adsorbed on the counter electrode surface, reach abundant separate electronic-hole to, effectively utilize electronics and efficient degradation Cr (VI) ionic effect.
As shown in Figure 1, photoelectric reacting device provided by the present invention is made up of 9 parts: light source 1, quartzy liquid holding cup 2, TiO
2 Light anode 3, counter electrode 4, reaction soln 5, agitator 6, magnetic stir bar 7, power supply 8 and volt ohm-milliammeter 9.What light source 1 adopted is ultraviolet lamp, is arranged on around the quartzy liquid holding cup 2, and quartzy liquid holding cup 2 is arranged on the magnetic stirring apparatus 6, and electrolyte solution 5 and magneton all are arranged in the quartzy liquid holding cup 2, and light anode 3 and counter electrode 4 all are arranged in the electrolyte solution 5.
Light anode 3 is TiO
2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode, wherein TiO
2The length of nanotube can be 100nm~1 μ m internal diameter and can be 20~200nm, and thickness of pipe can be 5~50nm.Counter electrode 4 can be acid metal sheet (net), for example titanium sheet (net), platinized platinum (net) etc.Reaction soln 5 contains heavy metal ion such as Cr (VI) solution for certain pH, and concentration is 0~2mmol/L, and the pH value is 1~4; Wherein comprise organism as hole trapping agents and inorganic salt as ionogen.Described hole trapping agents is selected from any in citric acid, 4-chlorophenol, rhodamine B and the methylene blue.The working concentration of citric acid, 4-chlorophenol is 0.01~5mmol/L, and the working concentration of rhodamine B, methylene blue is 0~0.1mmol/L.Described ionogen is selected from NaCl, Na
2SO
4And NaClO
4In any, working concentration is 0~1mol/L.Magnetic stir bar+magnetic stirring apparatus 6 all can be purchased from market, and the two cooperation is used for reaction soln is stirred, and guarantees that the reaction system strength of solution is even.Power supply 7 is a direct current power supply, and voltage range is 0.5~5V.Volt ohm-milliammeter 8 is used for the electric current of detection reaction process.
The preparation method of the light anode 3 in the photoelectrocatalysidevice device provided by the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) the Ti sheet of market being buied is cut into a certain size rectangle, cleans in acetone, ethanol, deionized water for ultrasonic successively, then at mol ratio HF: HNO
3: H
2O=1: (2~5): polishing 30s handles in the mixing solutions of (5~20), and deionized water rinsing dries.
(2) in 0.3~0.5wt%HF solution, as anode, the Pt electrode is as negative electrode with the Ti sheet, and 15~30V anodic oxidation, 10~60min obtains TiO
2Nano-pipe array thin film.
(3) with the TiO that obtains
2Nanotube dries through the deionized water ultrasonic cleaning, and 450 ℃ of roasting 1h obtain certain thickness TiO in the air atmosphere
2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode.
The preparation method of the counter electrode 4 in the photoelectrocatalysidevice device provided by the present invention is as follows: the Ti net that market is buied is cut into a certain size rectangle, cleans in acetone, ethanol, deionized water for ultrasonic successively, then at HF: HNO
3: H
2O=1: polishing 30s handles in 3: 16 mixing solutionss, and deionized water rinsing dries, and promptly gets Ti net counter electrode.
Embodiment 1, utilize photoelectrocatalysidevice device of the present invention degraded Cr (VI)
Used photoelectrocatalysidevice device, as shown in Figure 1.This device adopts TiO
2Nano-pipe array thin film is the light anode, wherein, and TiO
2The length of nanotube is 248nm, and the Ti net is a counter electrode, and the area ratio of light anode and counter electrode is 1: 1.The starting point concentration of Cr in the reaction system (VI) is 0.34mmol/L, reaction conditions: pH 2.5, citric acid 0.5mmol/L, NaCl 1mol/L, voltage 1.5V.Utilize ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer to detect the concentration of Cr (VI).And be contrast with degrade the respectively activity of Cr (VI) of electrocatalysis method, photodissociation method and photocatalytic method, the degradation efficiency to Cr (VI) of photoelectrocatalysis method more of the present invention and above-mentioned three kinds of methods.
The results are shown in Figure 2.The Degradation and Transformation rate of each curve representation Cr (VI) curve over time among Fig. 2, X-coordinate is represented the time, ordinate zou is represented the degradation efficiency of Cr (VI).The a curve is represented electrocatalysis, and the b curve is represented photodissociation, and the c curve is represented photochemical catalysis, and the d curve is represented photoelectrocatalysis.In system of the present invention, adopt Cr (VI) nothing degraded under the electrocatalysis method 1.5V voltage, adopt photodissociation method illumination 2h rear section Cr (VI) that photodissociation takes place.Relatively c and d degradation rate apply bias voltage and can significantly quicken the degraded of Cr (VI) as can be known, and its zeroth order reaction rate constant is light-catalysed 7.2 times, and the photoelectric-synergetic effect is remarkable, and the 60min starting point concentration of can degrading fully is the Cr (VI) of 0.34mmol/L.
Embodiment 2, investigate of the influence of Ti web area to photoelectric catalysis degrading Cr (VI) system
Used photoelectrocatalysidevice device, as shown in Figure 1.This device adopts TiO
2Nano-pipe array thin film is the light anode, wherein, and TiO
2The length of nanotube is 248nm; The Ti net is a counter electrode, and light anodic area is 60*52mm
2Reaction conditions is with embodiment 1.
Relatively the Ti net counter electrode of different area the results are shown in Figure 3 to the influence of photoelectric catalysis degrading Cr (VI) system.
As seen from Figure 3, with certain area (60*52mm
2) TiO
2Nano-pipe array thin film is that the counter electrode area is big more in 4~1: 1 scope at light anode and counter electrode area ratio during as the light anode, and photoelectric catalytically active is high more, is 60*52mm in the Ti web area
2The time reach maximum.This is because large-area Ti net counter electrode can provide enough avtive spot fully to be adsorbed on its surface for Cr (VI), and further with light induced electron generation reduction reaction.The counter electrode area is 60*52mm and work as fixedly
2, be fine and close TiO with the light anode change
2During/ito thin film, its activity is but far below TiO
2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode.This shows, in photoelectrocatalysis reduction Cr (VI) system, adopt the separation of excellent light induced electron and the TiO of conductive properties simultaneously
2The Ti net counter electrode of light anode and high surface area could be realized the efficient degradation of Cr (VI).
Embodiment 3, comparison are with TiO
2Nano-pipe array thin film is a light anode and with TiO
2Dense film is the influence of light anode to photoelectric catalysis degrading Cr (VI) system
Used photoelectrocatalysidevice device, as shown in Figure 1.This device adopts TiO
2Nano-pipe array thin film is the light anode, wherein, and TiO
2The length of nanotube is 248nm; Or TiO
2Dense film is (with TiO
2/ ITO represents, Prepared by Sol Gel Method obtains with crystal pulling method in the ITO substrate, and thickness is 160nm) be the light anode, the Ti net is a counter electrode, the counter electrode area is 60*52mm
2Reaction conditions is with embodiment 1.
Compare TiO
2Nanotube and TiO
2The activity of dense film photoelectric catalysis degrading Cr (VI) the results are shown in Figure 3.
As seen from Figure 3, when fixing counter electrode area be 60*52mm
2The time, be fine and close TiO with the light anode change
2/ ito thin film, the activity of its degraded Cr (VI) is but far below TiO
2Nanotube array photo-anode.This shows, in photoelectrocatalysis reduction Cr (VI) system, adopt the separation of excellent light induced electron and the TiO of conductive properties simultaneously
2The Ti net counter electrode of light anode and high surface area could be realized the efficient degradation of Cr (VI).
Embodiment 4, utilize the Cr (VI) of photoelectrocatalysidevice device of the present invention degraded different concns
Used photoelectrocatalysidevice device, as shown in Figure 1.This device adopts TiO
2Nano-pipe array thin film is the light anode, wherein, and TiO
2The length of nanotube is 248nm; The Ti net is a counter electrode, and light anodic area is 60*52mm
2, the area of counter electrode is 60*52mm
2Reaction conditions is with embodiment 1.
Relatively the photoelectric catalysis degrading activity of different concns Cr (VI) the results are shown in Figure 4.
As seen from Figure 4, increase the concentration of Cr (VI), its photoelectric catalysis degrading speed reduces.Because under the high density condition, there is certain restriction in the mass transfer of reduzate, in addition, and the TiO of load on the light anode
2Amount be certain, be difficult to satisfy the degraded of the Cr (VI) of high density.When reduction high concentrate Cr (VI) waste water, can suitably increase the area of light anode and photocathode, with the photoelectric catalysis degrading effect that obtains.In this case study, be 60*52mm at light anode and counter electrode area
2The time, the suitable starting point concentration of Cr (VI) is 0.19-0.58mmol/L.