CN101913678A - Photoelectrocatalytic device and method for reducing heavy metal ions using same - Google Patents

Photoelectrocatalytic device and method for reducing heavy metal ions using same Download PDF

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CN101913678A
CN101913678A CN2010102567634A CN201010256763A CN101913678A CN 101913678 A CN101913678 A CN 101913678A CN 2010102567634 A CN2010102567634 A CN 2010102567634A CN 201010256763 A CN201010256763 A CN 201010256763A CN 101913678 A CN101913678 A CN 101913678A
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tio
counter electrode
heavy metal
light anode
nano
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CN101913678B (en
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尚静
汪青
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REMEMBER (BEIJING) ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
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Peking University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a photoelectrocatalytic device and a method for reducing heavy metal ions using the same. The photoelectrocatalytic device comprises a power source, a TiO2 light anode, a counter electrode, a fluid vessel, a reaction solution, a magnetic stirring bar, a magnetic stirrer and a light source, wherein the light anode adopts a hyperactivity TiO2 nano tube which has a larger specific surface area and is more favor of electric conduction; and the counter electrode adopts acid-resistant metal sheets (nets) which can provide more reaction active sites and has a large surface area, such as titanium sheets (nets), platinum sheets (nets) and the like. When the light anode area is fixed, the larger the counter electrode area is within a certain range, the higher the activity of the photoelectrocatalytic system is. In the invention, the TiO2 nano tube anode with a large specific surface area, the photoelectrocatalytic technology and a cathode with a large surface area are combined so as to provide a method capable of efficiently degrading high toxicity wastewater polluted by heavy metals such as Cr (VI) and the like, thus having high practical value and application prospect and being easy for promotion and utilization.

Description

A kind of photoelectrocatalysidevice device and utilize this device reducing heavy metal ionic method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the environmental chemical engineering field, be specifically related to a kind of photoelectrocatalysidevice device and utilize this device photoelectrocatalysis reducing heavy metal ionic method.
Background technology
Photoelectrocatalysis has caused investigator's extensive concern in recent years as a kind of effective inhibition semi-conductor photoproduction electron-hole pair compound technology.The photoelectrocatalysis technology mainly is to utilize the oxidation capacity of photohole at present, is widely used in the organic pollutant in the sewage oxidation treatment.Huijun Zhao etc. utilizes porous TiO 2The a series of organism of film photoelectric catalyzed degradation, for example, methyl alcohol, glucose, para-chlorophenol, phthalic acid etc., can realize permineralization (Huijun Zhao *, Dianlu Jiang, Shanqing Zhang, William Wen Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds at nanoporous TiO 2Electrodes in a thin-layer photoelectrochemical cell, Journal of Catalysis 250 (2007) 102-109).Chinese patent application number: 200610117583.1 disclose " method of catalyzing oxidation of organic compounds by ultraviolet ", and this patent is with nano-TiO 2Film is the light anode, and Ag/AgCl is a reference electrode, and Pt is in the battery system of counter electrode, and employing phosphoric concentration is that phosphoric acid salt or the phosphate buffered saline buffer of 0.1~2.8mol/l is ionogen, carries out the reaction of catalyzing oxidation of organic compounds by ultraviolet.And utilize the reducing power of light induced electron, it is considerably less that the photoelectrocatalysis technology is applied in the reducing waste water research of heavy metal ion.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of photoelectrocatalysidevice device and utilize this device photoelectrocatalysis reducing heavy metal ionic method.
Photoelectrocatalysidevice device provided by the present invention comprises power supply, TiO 2Light anode, counter electrode, liquid container, reaction soln, magnetic stir bar, magnetic stirring apparatus and light source; Wherein, described TiO 2The light anode is TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode, described counter electrode are acid metal sheet or acid metal net.
Described TiO 2TiO in the nano-pipe array thin film 2The length of nanotube can be 100nm~1 μ m, and internal diameter can be 20~200nm, and thickness of pipe can be 5~50nm.
Described counter electrode specifically can be titanium sheet, titanium net, platinized platinum or platinum guaze.
Described TiO 2The light anode can be 10-0.1 with the area ratio of counter electrode: 1, be preferably 4-1: 1.
Described power supply is a direct supply, and its voltage is 0.5-5V; Described light source can be ultraviolet lamp.
In electric light catalytic unit provided by the present invention, described light source is arranged on around the liquid container, and described liquid container is arranged on the magnetic stirring apparatus, and described reaction solution and magnetic stir bar are arranged in the liquid container, described TiO 2Light anode and counter electrode all are arranged in the reaction solution.
Used TiO among the present invention 2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode can prepare according to following method:
(1) the Ti sheet is cleaned in acetone, ethanol, deionized water for ultrasonic successively, then at mol ratio HF: HNO 3: H 2O=1: (2~5): polishing 30s handles in the mixing solutions of (5~20), and deionized water rinsing dries;
(2) be in the 0.3-0.5%HF solution in mass concentration, as anode, the Pt electrode is as negative electrode with the Ti sheet, and anodic oxidation 10-60min obtains TiO under the 15-30V voltage 2Nano-pipe array thin film;
(3) with TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film deionized water ultrasonic cleaning is dried, and 350~550 ℃ of roasting 0.5~3h obtain TiO in the air atmosphere 2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode.
Photoelectrocatalysis reducing heavy metal ionic method provided by the present invention, be that the solution that will contain heavy metal ion places photoelectrocatalysidevice device provided by the present invention, with organism as hole trapping agents, inorganic salt as ionogen, the solution that contains heavy metal ion is carried out the photoelectrocatalysis reduction reaction.
Described heavy metal ion can be selected from following at least a ion: Cr (VI), Hg (II), Pb (II) and Cu (II); The described pH value that contains the solution of heavy metal ion is 1-4, and the concentration of heavy metal ion is 0-2mmol/L, but does not comprise 0mmol/L.
Described hole trapping agents specifically can be citric acid, 4-chlorophenol, rhodamine B or methylene blue; In the reaction solution of described photoelectrocatalysis reduction reaction, the working concentration of citric acid, 4-chlorophenol is 0.01~5mmol/L, and the working concentration of rhodamine B, methylene blue is 0~0.1mmol/L.
Described ionogen specifically can be NaCl, Na 2SO 4Or NaClO 4, electrolytical working concentration described in the reaction solution of described photoelectrocatalysis reduction reaction is 0~1mol/L.
The present invention is with the TiO of high-specific surface area 2The negative electrode triplicity of nanotube anode, photoelectrocatalysis technology, high surface area proposes a kind of method of the contour toxic heavy metal pollutant effluents of Cr (VI) of can degrading efficiently.
The present invention takes above technical scheme, has the following advantages: 1, TiO 2The general TiO of nano-pipe array thin film 2Film has higher specific surface area, and the conduction that its tubular structure helps electronics shows higher activity.2, apply bias voltage and can promote the separation of electron-hole pair with the transfer transport that produces on the light anode to negative electrode.3, because the heavy metal reduction reaction occurs in counter electrode, adopt large-area counter electrode,, greatly improved the degradation rate of Cr heavy metals such as (VI) for metal ion provides more adsorption site and reduction reaction avtive spot.4, the good stability of reaction unit of the present invention, it is still very high to reuse repeatedly activity.5, method proposed by the invention is simple, inexpensive, efficient, stable, can be applicable to thoroughly handling fast of high density Cr heavy metal wastewater therebies such as (VI), has very high practical value and application prospect, is easy to promote the use of.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of photoelectrocatalysidevice device of the present invention.
When Fig. 2 degrades Cr (VI) for adopting the inventive method and existing photocatalysis method, the time dependent curve of Degradation and Transformation rate of Cr (VI).
When Fig. 3 is the photoelectric catalysis degrading Cr (VI) of different anodes and different cathode areas, the time dependent curve of Degradation and Transformation rate of Cr (VI).
Fig. 4 is for adopting the photoelectric catalysis degrading activity curve of apparatus of the present invention to different concns Cr (VI).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention is with TiO 2Nanotube and the combination of photoelectrocatalysis technology, and adopt large-area Ti net or Pt net etc. to be applied to the reduction of heavy metal ion such as Cr (VI) as counter electrode.By applying bias voltage electronics is led on the large-area counter electrode, with the heavy metal ion generation reduction reaction that fully is adsorbed on the counter electrode surface, reach abundant separate electronic-hole to, effectively utilize electronics and efficient degradation Cr (VI) ionic effect.
As shown in Figure 1, photoelectric reacting device provided by the present invention is made up of 9 parts: light source 1, quartzy liquid holding cup 2, TiO 2 Light anode 3, counter electrode 4, reaction soln 5, agitator 6, magnetic stir bar 7, power supply 8 and volt ohm-milliammeter 9.What light source 1 adopted is ultraviolet lamp, is arranged on around the quartzy liquid holding cup 2, and quartzy liquid holding cup 2 is arranged on the magnetic stirring apparatus 6, and electrolyte solution 5 and magneton all are arranged in the quartzy liquid holding cup 2, and light anode 3 and counter electrode 4 all are arranged in the electrolyte solution 5.
Light anode 3 is TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode, wherein TiO 2The length of nanotube can be 100nm~1 μ m internal diameter and can be 20~200nm, and thickness of pipe can be 5~50nm.Counter electrode 4 can be acid metal sheet (net), for example titanium sheet (net), platinized platinum (net) etc.Reaction soln 5 contains heavy metal ion such as Cr (VI) solution for certain pH, and concentration is 0~2mmol/L, and the pH value is 1~4; Wherein comprise organism as hole trapping agents and inorganic salt as ionogen.Described hole trapping agents is selected from any in citric acid, 4-chlorophenol, rhodamine B and the methylene blue.The working concentration of citric acid, 4-chlorophenol is 0.01~5mmol/L, and the working concentration of rhodamine B, methylene blue is 0~0.1mmol/L.Described ionogen is selected from NaCl, Na 2SO 4And NaClO 4In any, working concentration is 0~1mol/L.Magnetic stir bar+magnetic stirring apparatus 6 all can be purchased from market, and the two cooperation is used for reaction soln is stirred, and guarantees that the reaction system strength of solution is even.Power supply 7 is a direct current power supply, and voltage range is 0.5~5V.Volt ohm-milliammeter 8 is used for the electric current of detection reaction process.
The preparation method of the light anode 3 in the photoelectrocatalysidevice device provided by the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) the Ti sheet of market being buied is cut into a certain size rectangle, cleans in acetone, ethanol, deionized water for ultrasonic successively, then at mol ratio HF: HNO 3: H 2O=1: (2~5): polishing 30s handles in the mixing solutions of (5~20), and deionized water rinsing dries.
(2) in 0.3~0.5wt%HF solution, as anode, the Pt electrode is as negative electrode with the Ti sheet, and 15~30V anodic oxidation, 10~60min obtains TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film.
(3) with the TiO that obtains 2Nanotube dries through the deionized water ultrasonic cleaning, and 450 ℃ of roasting 1h obtain certain thickness TiO in the air atmosphere 2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode.
The preparation method of the counter electrode 4 in the photoelectrocatalysidevice device provided by the present invention is as follows: the Ti net that market is buied is cut into a certain size rectangle, cleans in acetone, ethanol, deionized water for ultrasonic successively, then at HF: HNO 3: H 2O=1: polishing 30s handles in 3: 16 mixing solutionss, and deionized water rinsing dries, and promptly gets Ti net counter electrode.
Embodiment 1, utilize photoelectrocatalysidevice device of the present invention degraded Cr (VI)
Used photoelectrocatalysidevice device, as shown in Figure 1.This device adopts TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film is the light anode, wherein, and TiO 2The length of nanotube is 248nm, and the Ti net is a counter electrode, and the area ratio of light anode and counter electrode is 1: 1.The starting point concentration of Cr in the reaction system (VI) is 0.34mmol/L, reaction conditions: pH 2.5, citric acid 0.5mmol/L, NaCl 1mol/L, voltage 1.5V.Utilize ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer to detect the concentration of Cr (VI).And be contrast with degrade the respectively activity of Cr (VI) of electrocatalysis method, photodissociation method and photocatalytic method, the degradation efficiency to Cr (VI) of photoelectrocatalysis method more of the present invention and above-mentioned three kinds of methods.
The results are shown in Figure 2.The Degradation and Transformation rate of each curve representation Cr (VI) curve over time among Fig. 2, X-coordinate is represented the time, ordinate zou is represented the degradation efficiency of Cr (VI).The a curve is represented electrocatalysis, and the b curve is represented photodissociation, and the c curve is represented photochemical catalysis, and the d curve is represented photoelectrocatalysis.In system of the present invention, adopt Cr (VI) nothing degraded under the electrocatalysis method 1.5V voltage, adopt photodissociation method illumination 2h rear section Cr (VI) that photodissociation takes place.Relatively c and d degradation rate apply bias voltage and can significantly quicken the degraded of Cr (VI) as can be known, and its zeroth order reaction rate constant is light-catalysed 7.2 times, and the photoelectric-synergetic effect is remarkable, and the 60min starting point concentration of can degrading fully is the Cr (VI) of 0.34mmol/L.
Embodiment 2, investigate of the influence of Ti web area to photoelectric catalysis degrading Cr (VI) system
Used photoelectrocatalysidevice device, as shown in Figure 1.This device adopts TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film is the light anode, wherein, and TiO 2The length of nanotube is 248nm; The Ti net is a counter electrode, and light anodic area is 60*52mm 2Reaction conditions is with embodiment 1.
Relatively the Ti net counter electrode of different area the results are shown in Figure 3 to the influence of photoelectric catalysis degrading Cr (VI) system.
As seen from Figure 3, with certain area (60*52mm 2) TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film is that the counter electrode area is big more in 4~1: 1 scope at light anode and counter electrode area ratio during as the light anode, and photoelectric catalytically active is high more, is 60*52mm in the Ti web area 2The time reach maximum.This is because large-area Ti net counter electrode can provide enough avtive spot fully to be adsorbed on its surface for Cr (VI), and further with light induced electron generation reduction reaction.The counter electrode area is 60*52mm and work as fixedly 2, be fine and close TiO with the light anode change 2During/ito thin film, its activity is but far below TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode.This shows, in photoelectrocatalysis reduction Cr (VI) system, adopt the separation of excellent light induced electron and the TiO of conductive properties simultaneously 2The Ti net counter electrode of light anode and high surface area could be realized the efficient degradation of Cr (VI).
Embodiment 3, comparison are with TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film is a light anode and with TiO 2Dense film is the influence of light anode to photoelectric catalysis degrading Cr (VI) system
Used photoelectrocatalysidevice device, as shown in Figure 1.This device adopts TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film is the light anode, wherein, and TiO 2The length of nanotube is 248nm; Or TiO 2Dense film is (with TiO 2/ ITO represents, Prepared by Sol Gel Method obtains with crystal pulling method in the ITO substrate, and thickness is 160nm) be the light anode, the Ti net is a counter electrode, the counter electrode area is 60*52mm 2Reaction conditions is with embodiment 1.
Compare TiO 2Nanotube and TiO 2The activity of dense film photoelectric catalysis degrading Cr (VI) the results are shown in Figure 3.
As seen from Figure 3, when fixing counter electrode area be 60*52mm 2The time, be fine and close TiO with the light anode change 2/ ito thin film, the activity of its degraded Cr (VI) is but far below TiO 2Nanotube array photo-anode.This shows, in photoelectrocatalysis reduction Cr (VI) system, adopt the separation of excellent light induced electron and the TiO of conductive properties simultaneously 2The Ti net counter electrode of light anode and high surface area could be realized the efficient degradation of Cr (VI).
Embodiment 4, utilize the Cr (VI) of photoelectrocatalysidevice device of the present invention degraded different concns
Used photoelectrocatalysidevice device, as shown in Figure 1.This device adopts TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film is the light anode, wherein, and TiO 2The length of nanotube is 248nm; The Ti net is a counter electrode, and light anodic area is 60*52mm 2, the area of counter electrode is 60*52mm 2Reaction conditions is with embodiment 1.
Relatively the photoelectric catalysis degrading activity of different concns Cr (VI) the results are shown in Figure 4.
As seen from Figure 4, increase the concentration of Cr (VI), its photoelectric catalysis degrading speed reduces.Because under the high density condition, there is certain restriction in the mass transfer of reduzate, in addition, and the TiO of load on the light anode 2Amount be certain, be difficult to satisfy the degraded of the Cr (VI) of high density.When reduction high concentrate Cr (VI) waste water, can suitably increase the area of light anode and photocathode, with the photoelectric catalysis degrading effect that obtains.In this case study, be 60*52mm at light anode and counter electrode area 2The time, the suitable starting point concentration of Cr (VI) is 0.19-0.58mmol/L.

Claims (10)

1. a photoelectrocatalysidevice device comprises power supply, TiO 2Light anode, counter electrode, liquid container, reaction soln, magnetic stir bar, magnetic stirring apparatus and light source is characterized in that: described TiO 2The light anode is TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode, described counter electrode are acid metal sheet or acid metal net.
2. photoelectrocatalysidevice device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described TiO 2TiO in the nano-pipe array thin film 2The length of nanotube is 100nm~1 μ m, and internal diameter is 20~200nm, and thickness of pipe is 5~50nm; Described counter electrode is titanium sheet, titanium net, platinized platinum or platinum guaze.
3. photoelectrocatalysidevice device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode prepares according to following method:
(1) the Ti sheet is cleaned at acetone, ethanol, deionized water for ultrasonic successively, then by HF, HNO 3And H 2Polishing 30s handles in the mixing solutions that O forms, and deionized water rinsing dries; Wherein, HF, HNO in the described mixing solutions 3And H 2The mol ratio of O is followed successively by 1: (2~5): (5~20);
(2) be in the 0.3-0.5%HF solution in mass concentration, as anode, the Pt electrode is as negative electrode with the Ti sheet, and anodic oxidation 10-60min obtains TiO under the 15-30V voltage 2Nano-pipe array thin film;
(3) with TiO 2Nano-pipe array thin film deionized water ultrasonic cleaning is dried, and 350~550 ℃ of roasting 0.5~3h obtain TiO in the air atmosphere 2Nano-pipe array thin film light anode.
4. according to arbitrary described photoelectrocatalysidevice device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described TiO 2Light anodic area is 10-0.1 with the area ratio of counter electrode: 1, be preferably 4-1: 1.
5. according to arbitrary described photoelectrocatalysidevice device among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described power supply is a direct supply, and its voltage is 0.5-5V; Described light source is a ultraviolet lamp.
6. according to arbitrary described photoelectrocatalysidevice device among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: described light source is arranged on around the liquid container, and described liquid container is arranged on the magnetic stirring apparatus, and described reaction solution and magnetic stir bar are arranged in the liquid container, described TiO 2Light anode and counter electrode all are arranged in the reaction solution.
7. photoelectrocatalysis reducing heavy metal ionic method, be that the solution that will contain heavy metal ion places the arbitrary described photoelectrocatalysidevice device of claim 1-6, with organism as hole trapping agents, inorganic salt as ionogen, the solution that contains heavy metal ion is carried out the photoelectrocatalysis reduction reaction.
8. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described heavy metal ion is selected from following at least a ion: Cr (VI), Hg (II), Pb (II) and Cu (II); The described pH value that contains the solution of heavy metal ion is 1-4, and the concentration of heavy metal ion is 0-2mmol/L, but does not comprise 0mmol/L.
9. according to claim 7 or 8 described methods, it is characterized in that: described hole trapping agents is citric acid, 4-chlorophenol, rhodamine B or methylene blue; In the reaction solution of described photoelectrocatalysis reduction reaction, the working concentration of citric acid and 4-chlorophenol is 0.01~5mmol/L, and the working concentration of rhodamine B and methylene blue is 0~0.1mmol/L, but does not comprise 0mmol/L.
10. according to arbitrary described method among the claim 7-9, it is characterized in that: described ionogen is NaCI, Na 2SO 4Or NaClO 4Electrolytical working concentration described in the reaction solution of described photoelectrocatalysis reduction reaction is 0~1mol/L, but does not comprise 0mol/L.
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CN102258971A (en) * 2011-06-13 2011-11-30 厦门大学 Tubular nano titanium dioxide pipe array photocatalysis reactor and preparation method
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CN102258971B (en) * 2011-06-13 2014-11-12 厦门大学 Tubular nano titanium dioxide pipe array photocatalysis reactor and preparation method
US8658035B2 (en) 2011-12-02 2014-02-25 AquaMost, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating aqueous solutions and contaminants therein
US8663471B1 (en) 2011-12-02 2014-03-04 AquaMost, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating aqueous solutions and contaminants therein
US8658046B2 (en) 2011-12-02 2014-02-25 AquaMost, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating aqueous solutions and contaminants therein
US9045357B2 (en) 2012-01-06 2015-06-02 AquaMost, Inc. System for reducing contaminants from a photoelectrocatalytic oxidization apparatus through polarity reversal and method of operation
US8568573B2 (en) 2012-01-06 2013-10-29 AquaMost, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating aqueous solutions and contaminants therein
US8398828B1 (en) 2012-01-06 2013-03-19 AquaMost, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating aqueous solutions and contaminants therein
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