The preparation method of a kind of cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of electrochemistry, be specifically related to a kind of method by Hydrothermal Preparation cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material.
Technical background
Lithium ion battery is the highest a kind of portable chemical power supply of present specific energy.Current, the negative material that the commercial li-ion battery uses concentrates on material with carbon element, but carbon negative pole material exist specific capacity low, easily shortcomings such as organic solvent embeds altogether take place, influenced its application in high specific energy, high power type battery.Studies show that when the specific capacity of negative material can significantly improve total specific capacity of lithium ion battery during at 1000~1200mAh/g, therefore the research and development of novel negative material get most of the attention.Silicon has caused more and more insiders' concern as the highest negative material of theoretical capacity in the various alloys of research at present, and lithium can obtain different products with pasc reaction, as Li
12Si
7, Li
13Si
4, Li
7Si
3, Li
22Si
5Deng, Li
22Si
5Theory insertion amount reach 4200mAh/g, the termination current potential that lithium inserts silicon can be controlled at more than the 0.2V, can significantly improve the capacity and the security performance (S.Bourderaus of battery, T.Brousse, D.M.Schleich.Amorphous silicon as a possible anode material for Li-ion batteries.Journal ofPower Sources, 1999,81 (81-82): 233~236).But, the Si sill is taking off, will experience serious volumetric expansion and contraction (volume change: 280%~300%) in the cyclic process of embedding lithium, cause the destruction and the mechanical efflorescence of material structure, cause between electrode material and the separating of electrode material and collector, and then lose and electrically contact, cause capacity to be decayed rapidly.By alloying (G.X.Wang, L.Sun, D.H.Bradhust, et al..Nanocrystalline NiSi alloy as an anode material for lithium-ionbatteries.Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2000,306:249~252) method can be improved cycle performance to a certain extent, but does not have to solve the problem of Si sill cyclical stability at all.Adopted nanometer oxide particle afterwards, because silica is in embedding lithium process first, form lithia, and the variation that lithia can slow down volume in the charge and discharge process as inert fraction improves stability of structure and cycle performance (J.Yang, Y.Takeda, N.Imanishi, et al..SiOx-based anodes forsecondary lithium batteries.Solid State Ionics, 2002,152-153:125-129).Yet easily reunite between the nano particle, the reunion of the electricity of nano particle makes material lose nano-meter characteristic gradually in cyclic process, capacity attenuation is rapid, and silica irreversible capacity is bigger first, so the nano silicon oxide negative material still has sizable distance from practicability.Therefore the present invention is directed to problems such as Si sill cyclical stability is poor, enclosed pasture efficient is low first, carrying out research extensively and profoundly aspect design of material composition and the nano grain surface modification, design has also prepared Si base nano composite anode material: carbon coating cobalt-silica negative material, this material passes through Hydrothermal Preparation, its Stability Analysis of Structures, even particle distribution, security are good, the specific capacity height, enclosed pasture efficient height is a kind of rising lithium ion battery height ratio capacity negative material first.And adopt cobalt-silica/carbon composite as lithium ion battery negative material, be assembled into lithium ion battery.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: the preparation method of a kind of cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material is provided, is used to produce cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material.
Purpose of the present invention realizes in the following manner:
The preparation method of a kind of cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material, the concrete preparation process of this method is as follows:
(1) obtain solution A: positive silicic acid vinegar ethyl ester, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carbon source, cobalt source and deionized water are mixed, stir, make solution A.Wherein, the volume ratio of positive silicic acid vinegar ethyl ester and deionized water is 1: 10-1: 30, and the mass ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone and silica is 2: 1-1: 3, the mol ratio of carbon source and silica is 1: 1-10: 1, the mol ratio of cobalt source and silica is 1: 2-1: 6.
Obtain solution B: NaOH, sodium borohydride and deionized water are mixed, stir, make solution B.Wherein, the mol ratio in NaOH and cobalt source is 2: 1-5: 1, the mol ratio in sodium borohydride and cobalt source is 2: 1-5: 1, the mass ratio of NaOH and deionized water is 1: 5-1: 80;
(2) solution B is joined solution A, continue to be stirred to evenly, pour in the hydro-thermal jar;
(3) the hydro-thermal jar is placed baking oven, 130-180 ℃ is incubated 5-48 hour;
(4) with step (3) products therefrom with deionized water and absolute ethanol washing, filtration after, place baking oven 80-120 ℃ oven dry;
(5) heat treatment: the powder of step (4) gained in inert atmosphere, under 400-1000 ℃ of temperature calcination 0.5-10 hour, is obtained cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material.
Carbon source in the described step (1) is sucrose, glucose, starch, epoxy resin or phenolic resins; Described cobalt source is cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt acetate or cobalt oxalate.
In the described step (2), solution B is poured in the solution A fast or with solution B with 15-60 drip/speed of min is added dropwise to solution A.When being poured into solution B in the solution A fast, react more violent, product crystal grain is less.By cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material that preparation method of the present invention makes, the particle diameter of its particle is tens to the hundreds of nanometer, can be used as the application of lithium ion battery negative material.
Cobalt-silica that the preparation method of described cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material makes/carbon nano-composite material, its particle diameter are 10~900nm.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) this method makes the nano material after the finishing embed and deviate from the process at lithium, avoid the reunion between the nano particle, improved the cyclical stability of electrode material, improve conductivity of electrolyte materials, and cobalt mix the irreversible capacity first that has reduced silica, improved the efficient of enclosed pasture first of material.
(2) this method embeds and takes off in the embedding process at lithium ion, suppresses the volumetric expansion of silicon materials, makes lithium ion battery have high reversible capacity and excellent cycle performance.
(3) the inventive method is workable, favorable reproducibility, and products obtained therefrom steady quality.And material synthesis is simple, when being used for lithium ion battery negative material, specific capacity is higher, stable cycle performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cycle performance curve of the synthetic cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material of hydro-thermal method of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Positive silicic acid vinegar ethyl ester, 1.5g polyvinylpyrrolidone, 11.4g sucrose, 1.58gCoCl with 7.5ml
26H
2O and 100ml deionized water mix, stir, make solution A, 0.531g NaOH, 0.55g sodium borohydride and 20ml deionized water are mixed, stir, make solution B, the speed of solution B with 30/min is joined in the solution A, continue to stir, pour in the hydro-thermal jar, and place baking oven, 140 ℃ are incubated 24 hours, after products therefrom usefulness deionized water and absolute ethanol washing, the filtration, place 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven, the powder of gained in inert atmosphere, 500 ℃ of following calcination 3 hours, finally obtain cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material.
The conductive agent acetylene black that synthetic material is added 15wt%, the binding agent PVDF of 15wt% makes slurry, evenly be applied on the Copper Foil, after the oven dry, block circular pole piece, form test cell, carry out the constant current charge-discharge experiment with lithium metal, charging and discharging currents is 100mA/g, and the charging/discharging voltage scope is controlled between the 0.01-3.0V.The maximum reversible capacity of cobalt-silica/carbon negative pole material of preparation is about 900mAh/g, and the specific capacity that circulates after 50 times is 775mAh/g, and capability retention is 81%.Be illustrated in figure 1 as the cycle performance curve of the synthetic cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material of hydro-thermal method of the present invention.
Embodiment 2
Positive silicic acid vinegar ethyl ester with 7.5ml, 1.5g polyvinylpyrrolidone, 11.4g starch, 4.15g four hydration cobalt acetates and 100ml deionized water mix, stir, make solution A, with 1.33g NaOH, 1.26g sodium borohydride and 20ml deionized water mix, stir, make solution B, solution B is poured into solution A fast, continues to stir, pour in the hydro-thermal jar, and place baking oven, 160 ℃ are incubated 12 hours, products therefrom deionized water and absolute ethanol washing, after the filtration, place 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven, the powder of gained is in inert atmosphere, 600 ℃ of following calcination 2 hours finally obtain cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material.
The conductive agent acetylene black that synthetic material is added 15wt%, the binding agent PVDF of 15wt% makes slurry, evenly be applied on the Copper Foil, after the oven dry, block circular pole piece, form test cell, carry out the constant current charge-discharge experiment with lithium metal, charging and discharging currents is 100mA/g, and the charging/discharging voltage scope is controlled between the 0.01-3.0V.The maximum reversible capacity of cobalt-silica/carbon negative pole material of preparation is about 484mAh/g, and the specific capacity that circulates after 50 times is 396mAh/g, and capability retention is 81.8%.
Embodiment 3
Positive silicic acid vinegar ethyl ester, 1.5g polyvinylpyrrolidone, 19.6g glucose, 1.93gCo (NO with 7.5ml
3)
26H
2O and 110ml deionized water mix, stir, make solution A, 0.531g NaOH, 0.55g sodium borohydride and 15ml deionized water are mixed, stir, make solution B, the speed of solution B with 45/min is joined in the solution A, continue to stir, pour in the hydro-thermal jar, and place baking oven, 180 ℃ are incubated 10 hours, after products therefrom usefulness deionized water and absolute ethanol washing, the filtration, place 120 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven, the powder of gained in inert atmosphere, 700 ℃ of following calcination 1 hour, finally obtain cobalt-silica/carbon nano-composite material.
The conductive agent acetylene black that synthetic material is added 15wt%, the binding agent PVDF of 15wt% makes slurry, evenly be applied on the Copper Foil, after the oven dry, block circular pole piece, form test cell, carry out the constant current charge-discharge experiment with lithium metal, charging and discharging currents is 100mA/g, and the charging/discharging voltage scope is controlled between the 0.01-3.0V.The maximum reversible capacity of cobalt-silica/carbon negative pole material of preparation is about 480mAh/g, and the specific capacity that circulates after 50 times is 384mAh/g, and capability retention is 80%.