CN101907593A - Polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nano fiber composite resistance type film gas-sensitive element and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nano fiber composite resistance type film gas-sensitive element and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101907593A
CN101907593A CN2010102316640A CN201010231664A CN101907593A CN 101907593 A CN101907593 A CN 101907593A CN 2010102316640 A CN2010102316640 A CN 2010102316640A CN 201010231664 A CN201010231664 A CN 201010231664A CN 101907593 A CN101907593 A CN 101907593A
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polyvinylidene fluoride
gold electrode
polypyrrole
nanometer fiber
fluoride nanometer
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李扬
杨慕杰
季善坐
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/12Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
    • G01N27/125Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer
    • G01N27/127Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer comprising nanoparticles

Abstract

The invention discloses a polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nano fiber composite resistance type film gas-sensitive element and a manufacturing method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: depositing polyvinylidene fluoride nano fiber on a ceramic matrix electrode with golden interdigital by adopting an electrostatic spinning method, and then compounding polyaniline on the polyvinylidene fluoride nano fiber by gas phase in-situ polymerization to obtain a polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nano fiber composite gas-sensitive film. The preparation process is simple, has low cost, and is particularly suitable for batch production. The prepared gas-sensitive element has the advantages of high response sensitivity on ammonia gas at room temperature, good linearity and the like, has good response repeatability on high-concentration ammonia gas, and can be widely applied to room temperature on-line detection of ammonia gas concentration in an industrial and agricultural production process and an atmospheric environment.

Description

Polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The research of chemical sensor and application are the key areas of current social development in science and technology, and it plays crucial effect for the detection of modern chemical industry agricultural production and people's living environment and improvement etc.Gas sensor is as the important chemical sensor of a class, also receives publicity day by day and payes attention to, and its development is very rapid at present.In many sensing materials, the conducting polymer gas sensitive material is easy with its preparation, especially can room temperature detects and has intrinsic safety thus and be easy to prepare the low-power consumption element, helps realizing advantages such as long-time on-line monitoring, is especially favored.Be that the Electronic Nose that the gas sensor array of sensitive material makes up has realized commercialization with the conducting polymer.But conductive macromolecule sensitive also exists insoluble molten, processing difficulties, and deficiency such as response sensitivity is lower, response time and response reappearance are not good enough has hindered its research and widespread use.
One of effective ways of the response characteristic of raising sensitive material are the nanometers that realizes sensitive material.Nano structural material has the much bigger specific surface area of more conventional bulk material, this can provide more reactivity site on the one hand, help to improve the sensitivity of response, also can help the diffusion of detected gas molecule simultaneously, thereby add fast-response and improve reversibility.Report has been arranged, adopt its response sensitivity of electrically conductive polyaniline nano fiber of interfacial polymerization preparation will be significantly higher than the conventional body polyaniline for preparing, and also shortened the response time greatly for hydrazine steam.
Electrospinning process is the simple and effective method of preparation nano structural material, quite paid close attention in recent years, adopt this method, can be easily effect by high-voltage electric field, from polymkeric substance (compound) solution, obtain organic polymer, macromolecule/inorganic, macromolecule/macromolecule, multiple nanometer (compound) fiber and membraneous material such as inorganic have also obtained application in nanosensor material field.Employing method of electrostatic spinning such as Wang Ce have prepared the TiO that LiCl mixes 2The nm-humidity sensitive material, advantage such as it has the response sensitivity height, and response speed is fast, and humidity hysteresis is little.And this method can also be used to prepare nanofiber, by conducting polymer home position polymerization reaction depositing electrically conductive macromolecule thereon, obtains conducting polymer composite Nano sensitive material then.Realized having the preparation of the nano material of three-dimensional porous structure so on the one hand, can solve the shortcoming of conducting polymer composite machine-shaping difficulty on the one hand again, can play an important role aspect the preparation high-performance nano sensitive material.
Ammonia is a kind of common toxic harmful gas, has all proposed higher requirement for the concentration detection of ammonia in fields such as environment for human survival protection and industrial and agricultural production process control.Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole can at room temperature be realized the sensitivity response for ammonia, also become the ammonia sensing material that a class has much potentiality.But its response sensitivity is not high enough, and response is slower, and reversibility is relatively poor, especially irreversible for the response of high concentration ammonia, even need application of vacuum or apply method such as ultraviolet irradiation, could realize the slow recovery of response, this is very big obstacle for its application.Therefore need carry out further improving on the structure for conducting polymer composites such as polypyrroles,, realize that especially the higher concentration ammonia also has good room temperature resistance response characteristic, for solid foundation is established in its application for ammonia to improve its response characteristic.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of have for ammonia highly sensitive, the linearity is good, respond characteristics such as fast, particularly also have polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor of good response recovery characteristic and preparation method thereof for the higher concentration ammonia.
Polypyrrole of the present invention/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor, has ceramic matrix, have many at ceramic matrix photomask surface and evaporation to interdigital gold electrode, on interdigital gold electrode, be connected with lead-in wire, at ceramic matrix and interdigital gold electrode surfaces air-sensitive film is arranged, air-sensitive film is the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber surface gas phase in-situ polymerization pyrroles's of electrostatic spinning preparation a compound.
The method for making of polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor, step is as follows:
1) clean surface photoetching and evaporation have the ceramic substrate of interdigital gold electrode, dry for standby;
2) prepare the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber with method of electrostatic spinning: will contain Kynoar and the concentration that concentration is 0.01-0.2g/ml is the N of the ferric trichloride of 0.005-0.10g/ml, the N-dimethylacetamide solution is contained in the syringe of band syringe needle, the positive pole of injection needle and high-voltage power supply links to each other, the negative pole of high-voltage power supply links to each other with copper coin, places the interdigital gold electrode with ceramic matrix on the copper coin; Between syringe needle and copper coin, apply the 10-30kV supply voltage, between syringe needle and the copper coin apart from 8-20cm, adopt syringe pump that the solution in the syringe is extruded with the flow velocity of 0.1-1.0ml/h, form with continuous nanofiber under the high-voltage electric field effect is deposited on interdigital gold electrode and ceramic matrix surface, forms the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane;
3) under-20-60 ℃ temperature, with step 2) ceramic substrate with interdigital gold electrode that deposits the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane that makes places the closed container that contains pyrroles's liquid, pyrroles's steam was taken out at its surface aggregate in 30 minutes to 24 hours, dry up with nitrogen under the room temperature, obtain polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor.
The interdigital gold electrode of above-mentioned potsherd matrix surface has 5-20 right, and the interdigital width of interdigital gold electrode is 20-200 μ m, and interdigital gap is 20-200 μ m.
In the preparation process, by changing the concentration of the Kynoar in the N,N-dimethylacetamide solution, electrostatic spinning voltage, the spinning liquid flow velocity, distance etc. can be regulated the shape and the fiber size of polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber between syringe needle and the receiver.By changing the concentration of the ferric trichloride in the N,N-dimethylacetamide solution, polymerization temperature and polymerization time can be controlled the size, pattern of polypyrrole/Kynoar composite nano fiber and to the response characteristic of ammonia etc.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) adopt method of electrostatic spinning to have three-D nano-porous structure by the fibrous air-sensitive film of polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer in conjunction with what the original position gaseous polymerization prepared, embody higher specific surface area, have on the one hand more reactivity site can with the absorbing ammonia effect, cause the bigger variation of gas sensor resistance, thereby the raising response sensitivity, its laminated film with respect to the dip coating preparation has much higher response sensitivity; Promote the diffusion of ammonia in air-sensitive film on the other hand, help gas absorption and desorption, add fast-response, improve the response reversibility simultaneously, especially reply for the response of higher concentration ammonia;
2) adopt electrospinning process can prepare nano-fiber film easily, simultaneously the oxygenant of pyrroles's polymerization is introduced fiber and be beneficial to cause follow-up pyrroles's polymerization initiation, simple equipments, simple to operate, be easy to regulation and control, be suitable for producing in batches;
3) N of employing Kynoar, N-dimethyl formamide solution prepares nanofiber as electrostatic spinning solution, like this because the good solvent-resisting of Kynoar can make nanofiber can not caused fibre deformation and lose the three-dimensional porous nano structure by pyrroles's dissolving in pyrroles's vapour phase polymerization subsequently; Kynoar has hydrophobic property on the other hand, can avoid causing resistance variations and making the air-sensitive response characteristic be subjected to the humidity interference because absorb the water in air branch; The nano-fiber film that so makes in addition combines with electrode basement well, can improve the stability of element effectively, and avoids composite nano fiber and excessive being difficult to of substrate contact resistance to measure;
4) method of employing vapour phase polymerization, the uniform polypyrrole nanometer composite layer of formation in the substrate of arbitrary shape generates a large amount of unnecessary polypyrroles precipitations when avoiding solution polymerization easily, causes and wastes and pollution; And can regulate the size shape of composite nano fiber easily by control polymerization temperature and polymerization time, make to have high sensitivity for ammonia, but reverse response fast;
Advantages such as 5) to have a volume little for gas sensor of the present invention, and cost is low, and preparation technology is simple, and is easy to use, can test higher concentration scope ammonia, and response linearity is good, and the response reappearance is good.This polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistor-type gas sensor can be widely used in fields such as industrial and agricultural production process, environment measuring, food hygiene detection and storage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of gas sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the electromicroscopic photograph of nanofiber composite of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the nanofiber composite gas sensor and the resonse characteristic of the film composite gas sensor that adopts the dip coating preparation for ammonia that the present invention adopts the method for electrostatic spinning preparation;
Fig. 4 is the response cycle test result of gas sensor of the present invention for the high concentration ammonia of 1800ppm;
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, polypyrrole of the present invention/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistor-type gas sensor, has ceramic matrix 1, have many at ceramic matrix photomask surface and evaporation to interdigital gold electrode 2, on interdigital gold electrode, be connected with lead-in wire 4, at ceramic matrix and interdigital gold electrode surfaces air-sensitive film 3 is arranged, air-sensitive film 3 is the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber surface gas phase in-situ polymerization pyrroles's of electrostatic spinning preparation compound.
The interdigital gold electrode on said ceramic matrix surface has 5-20 right, and the interdigital width of interdigital gold electrode is 20-200 μ m, and interdigital gap is 20-200 μ m.
Embodiment 1:
1) clean surface photoetching and evaporation have the ceramic substrate of interdigital gold electrode, dry for standby;
2) prepare the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber with method of electrostatic spinning: will contain Kynoar and the concentration that concentration is 0.1g/ml is the N of the ferric trichloride of 0.02g/ml, the N-dimethylacetamide solution is contained in the syringe of band syringe needle, the positive pole of injection needle and high-voltage power supply links to each other, the negative pole of high-voltage power supply links to each other with copper coin, places the interdigital gold electrode with ceramic matrix on the copper coin; Between syringe needle and copper coin, apply the 10kV supply voltage, between syringe needle and the copper coin apart from 10cm, adopt syringe pump that the solution in the syringe is extruded with the flow velocity of 0.2ml/h, form with continuous nanofiber under the high-voltage electric field effect is deposited on interdigital gold electrode and potsherd matrix surface, forms the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane;
3) under-5 ℃, with step 2) ceramic matrix with interdigital gold electrode that deposits the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane that makes places the closed container that contains pyrroles's liquid, pyrroles's steam was taken out at its surface aggregate in 6 hours, dry up with nitrogen under the room temperature, obtain polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor.
Embodiment 2:
1) clean surface photoetching and evaporation have the ceramic substrate of interdigital gold electrode, dry for standby;
2) prepare the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber with method of electrostatic spinning: will contain Kynoar and the concentration that concentration is 0.01g/ml is the N of the ferric trichloride of 0.005g/ml, the N-dimethylacetamide solution is contained in the syringe of band syringe needle, the positive pole of injection needle and high-voltage power supply links to each other, the negative pole of high-voltage power supply links to each other with copper coin, places the interdigital gold electrode with ceramic matrix on the copper coin; Between syringe needle and copper coin, apply the 20kV supply voltage, between syringe needle and the copper coin apart from 20cm, adopt syringe pump that the solution in the syringe is extruded with the flow velocity of 1.0ml/h, form with continuous nanofiber under the high-voltage electric field effect is deposited on interdigital gold electrode and potsherd matrix surface, forms the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane;
3) under 60 ℃, with step 2) ceramic matrix with interdigital gold electrode that deposits the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane that makes places the closed container that contains pyrroles's liquid, pyrroles's steam was taken out at its surface aggregate in 20 minutes, dry up with nitrogen under the room temperature, obtain polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor.
Embodiment 3:
1) clean surface photoetching and evaporation have the ceramic substrate of interdigital gold electrode, dry for standby;
2) prepare the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber with method of electrostatic spinning: will contain Kynoar and the concentration that concentration is 0.2g/ml is the N of the ferric trichloride of 0.10g/ml, the N-dimethylacetamide solution is contained in the syringe of band syringe needle, the positive pole of injection needle and high-voltage power supply links to each other, the negative pole of high-voltage power supply links to each other with copper coin, places the interdigital gold electrode with ceramic matrix on the copper coin; Between syringe needle and copper coin, apply the 30kV supply voltage, between syringe needle and the copper coin apart from 8cm, adopt syringe pump that the solution in the syringe is extruded with the flow velocity of 0.5ml/h, form with continuous nanofiber under the high-voltage electric field effect is deposited on interdigital gold electrode and potsherd matrix surface, forms the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane;
3) under-20 ℃, with step 2) ceramic matrix with interdigital gold electrode that deposits the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane that makes places the closed container that contains pyrroles's liquid, pyrroles's steam was taken out at its surface aggregate in 24 hours, dry up with nitrogen under the room temperature, obtain polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor.
Embodiment 4:
1) clean surface photoetching and evaporation have the ceramic substrate of interdigital gold electrode, dry for standby;
2) prepare the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber with method of electrostatic spinning: will contain Kynoar and the concentration that concentration is 0.06g/ml is the N of the ferric trichloride of 0.02g/ml, the N-dimethylacetamide solution is contained in the syringe of band syringe needle, the positive pole of injection needle and high-voltage power supply links to each other, the negative pole of high-voltage power supply links to each other with copper coin, places the interdigital gold electrode with ceramic matrix on the copper coin; Between syringe needle and copper coin, apply the 10kV supply voltage, between syringe needle and the copper coin apart from 10cm, adopt syringe pump that the solution in the syringe is extruded with the flow velocity of 0.2ml/h, form with continuous nanofiber under the high-voltage electric field effect is deposited on interdigital gold electrode and potsherd matrix surface, forms the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane;
3) under 20 ℃, with step 2) ceramic matrix with interdigital gold electrode that deposits the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane that makes places the closed container that contains pyrroles's liquid, pyrroles's steam was taken out at its surface aggregate in 1 hour, dry up with nitrogen under the room temperature, obtain polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor.
As seen from Figure 2, polypyrrole/its fiber size of polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fibre composites of the present invention's preparation is in the hundreds of nanometer, have porous structure, embody higher specific surface area, this helps, and its response sensitivity improves, response is accelerated and the response reversibility is improved.
As shown in Figure 3, in the ammonia concentration scope of broad, with respect to the polypyrrole/poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film resistor-type gas sensor that adopts the dip coating preparation, the room temperature response sensitivity of the polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor of the present invention's preparation is much higher, and response linearity is good.
As shown in Figure 4, polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film the gas sensor of the present invention preparation is at room temperature for the high concentration ammonia of 1800ppm, its loop test response reappearance is better, and need not processing such as heating, vacuum or ultraviolet irradiation, embody good response reversibility, help its practical application.

Claims (3)

1. polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor, it is characterized in that: this film gas sensor has ceramic matrix (1), have many at ceramic matrix photomask surface and evaporation to interdigital gold electrode (2), on interdigital gold electrode, be connected with lead-in wire (4), at ceramic matrix and interdigital gold electrode surfaces air-sensitive film (3) is arranged, air-sensitive film is the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber surface gas phase in-situ polymerization pyrroles's of electrostatic spinning preparation a compound.
2. polypyrrole according to claim 1/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor, the interdigital gold electrode that it is characterized in that the ceramic matrix surface has 5-20 right, the interdigital width of interdigital gold electrode is 20-200 μ m, and interdigital gap is 20-200 μ m.
3. the method for making of polypyrrole according to claim 1/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor is characterized in that step is as follows:
1) clean surface photoetching and evaporation have the ceramic substrate of interdigital gold electrode, dry for standby;
2) prepare the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber with method of electrostatic spinning: will contain Kynoar and the concentration that concentration is 0.01-0.2g/ml is the N of the ferric trichloride of 0.005-0.10g/ml, the N-dimethylacetamide solution is contained in the syringe of band syringe needle, the positive pole of injection needle and high-voltage power supply links to each other, the negative pole of high-voltage power supply links to each other with copper coin, places the interdigital gold electrode with ceramic matrix on the copper coin; Between syringe needle and copper coin, apply the 10-30kV supply voltage, between syringe needle and the copper coin apart from 8-20cm, adopt syringe pump that the solution in the syringe is extruded with the flow velocity of 0.1-1.0ml/h, form with continuous nanofiber under the high-voltage electric field effect is deposited on interdigital gold electrode and ceramic matrix surface, forms the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane;
3) under-20-60 ℃ temperature, with step 2) ceramic substrate with interdigital gold electrode that deposits the polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber membrane that makes places the closed container that contains pyrroles's liquid, pyrroles's steam was taken out at its surface aggregate in 30 minutes to 24 hours, dry up with nitrogen under the room temperature, obtain polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nanometer fiber composite resistance type thin film gas sensor.
CN2010102316640A 2010-07-20 2010-07-20 Polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride nano fiber composite resistance type film gas-sensitive element and manufacturing method thereof Pending CN101907593A (en)

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