CN101899601A - Alloy for fusible plug and fusible plug - Google Patents
Alloy for fusible plug and fusible plug Download PDFInfo
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- CN101899601A CN101899601A CN2010101681331A CN201010168133A CN101899601A CN 101899601 A CN101899601 A CN 101899601A CN 2010101681331 A CN2010101681331 A CN 2010101681331A CN 201010168133 A CN201010168133 A CN 201010168133A CN 101899601 A CN101899601 A CN 101899601A
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Abstract
Existing alloy for fusible plug is because contain the harmful element of Cd and Pb etc., so harmful element might pollute.The invention provides a kind of fusible plug, it does not contain as the Cd of objectionable constituent and Pb, even use for a long time as the security device of freezing plant, alloy can not extruded from fusible plug yet, and mechanical intensity such as creep properties is strong.The fusible plug that solution is to use has adopted following alloy for fusible plug: adopting Sn about 70～75 ℃ of alloys that melt down is that 0.1～2.0 quality %, Bi are the alloy for fusible plug that 31～37 quality %, surplus In constitute, and the alloy of fusing under 90～95 ℃ employing Zn is that 0.05～0.4 quality %, Bi are that 47～55 quality %, surplus are the alloy for fusible plug that In constitutes.
Description
The application is an application number: 200480044460.9, and the applying date: 2004.11.24, denomination of invention: the dividing an application of the application of " alloy for fusible plug and fusible plug ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to the alloy for fusible plug that the protection mechanism as freezing plant plays a role, particularly at 70～75 ℃ and 95～100 ℃ alloy for fusible plug of work down, and the fusible plug that has used this alloy for fusible plug.
Background technology
Large-scale freezing plant, if freezing plant pressure inside abnormal ascending, or the rising of the temperature of refrigeration agent, then not only refrigerator self can be damaged, and the ejection of highly compressed gas, also can be destroyed on every side.Large-scale freezing plant, as the breakage that makes refrigerator with destroy the mechanism prevent trouble before it happens, the pressure that install to guarantee the refrigerant gas of refrigerating apparatus is in safe device and is defined as a kind of obligation (the few freezing safety specifications of economic industry the 7th 1 No. 8), generally has security devices such as fusible plug.The security device of freezing plant has carried out various action designs according to the refrigeration agent of its use.In addition, the employed refrigeration agent of freezing plant always uses freonll-11 the most, CFC (ChloroFluoro-Carbons) series coolant., this CFC series coolant carries out photolysis and forms liveliness proof chlorine under the action of ultraviolet radiation of sunlight in stratosphere, exist this reactive chlorine can cause the such problem of depletion of the ozone layer, and the regulation to its use on the global environment level is very strict.For this reason, now instead, freonll-11 is replaced by HCFC (Hydro, Chloro, Fluoro-Carbons) series coolant, in addition, (the employed refrigeration agent of refrigerator also changes for Hydro, Fluoro-Carbons) series coolant also to find the HFC little to the rupture factor of ozonosphere.The fusible plug that is used to freezing plant need cooperate employed refrigeration agent to design.Promptly on freezing plant, according to Boyle-Charlie's (law of Boyle-Charle ' s), if the pressure of the refrigeration agent that freezing plant uses rises, then the temperature of employed refrigeration agent rises, and therefore the working temperature of the fusible plug that uses according to the condensing pressure of the refrigeration agent that uses is determined.For example, needing maximum as the HCFC series coolant now is as the freezing plant refrigeration agent with R22 (HCFC22), under selected its situation as the idle call freezing plant, because condensing pressure is 1.94Ma, so the critical temperature of R22 becomes 96.2 ℃, the working temperature of fusible plug is designed to 95～100 ℃ approximately.
The employed fusible plug of freezing plant is because change according to refrigeration agent critical temperature meeting, so need design its working temperature again when refrigeration agent switches in addition.When adopting the R407 as the HCF series coolant that the little alternative refrigerant of the rupture factor of ozonosphere is used, because pressing, condensation is 2.11MPa, critical temperature is 85.6 ℃, so use about 90～95 ℃ fusible plug of design temperature, in addition, in the fusible plug that the R401a of the HCFC series coolant that manometric efficiency is good selects with refrigeration agent as freezing plant, condensation is pressed and is 3.06MPa, critical temperature is 71.5 ℃, the critical temperature of refrigeration agent is risen, and therefore the design temperature of fusible plug must be designed freezing plant as about 70～75 ℃.
, because what adopt in the employed fusible plug of freezing plant is low-melting welding flux alloy, contain as the Pb of objectionable impurities and the welding flux alloy of Cd so used.When using R22 as refrigeration agent, because the design temperature of fusible plug is 96 ℃, so adopt Sn-52Bi-32Pb (96 ℃ of eutectics), used 410 o'clock as refrigeration agent, because the design temperature of fusible plug is 70～75 ℃, so welding flux alloy of employing Sn-50Bi-10Cd-26.7Pb (69 ℃ of solid-state temperatures, 76 ℃ of peak temperatures, 81 ℃ of liquidus temperatures) etc.
But fusible plug and freezing plant together are recovered, and also go out of use certainly when freezing plant is discarded, but need handle according to rule.Particularly the motion of global environment protection in recent years becomes increasingly active, and is in the tendency that objectionable constituent are got rid of from the employed element of machine class of freezing plant etc.Particularly Cd becomes branch that human body is caused detrimentally affect with Pb, therefore becomes the object of restriction.
Alloy for fusible plug as the composition that does not contain deleterious Cd and Pb etc., have to have used and from Sn, Bi, In, Zn, Ga, selected the alloy (spy opens 2002-115940) more than 2 kinds, it is alloy that tin-indium-bismuth is arranged, it is the fusible plug watery fusion alloy with following feature: when its ratio of components is made as Sn:Xwt%, In:Ywt%, Bi:Zwt%, X+Y+Z=100, and 4≤X≤10,56≤Y≤63 (spy opens 2001-214958), and the alloy (spy opens 2003-130240) that in the fusible alloy that constitutes by bismuth, indium, tin, has added metal microparticle.
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens the 2002-115940 communique
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens the 2001-214985 communique
Patent documentation 3: the spy opens the 2003-130240 communique
The fusible plug that uses as the security device of freezing plant has adopted the Pb that contains objectionable impurities and the welding flux alloy of Cd; but the motion of global environment protection in recent years becomes increasingly active, and has the tendency that the objectionable constituent of making are got rid of from the employed element of machine class of freezing plant etc.Particularly Cd becomes branch that human body is caused detrimentally affect with Pb, therefore becomes the object of restriction.Alloy for fusible plug as the composition that does not contain deleterious Cd and Pb etc., to disclose tin (Sn)-indium (In)-bismuth (Bi) be alloy to patent documentation 1 as the aforementioned, but this alloy for fusible plug is poor in the creep properties of low temperature region, in the security device as freezing plant uses, accumulate over a long period under pressure that alloy can be extruded, then need to stop freezing plant through the certain period and change fusible plug.
Though be not the alloy for fusible plug of freezing plant, disclose a kind of bismuth that 34 weight % are above, 63 weight % are following and the tin that 1 weight % is above, 24 weight % are following of containing, surplus is that the temperature fuse of indium is with alloy (spy opens 2003-13165).Because being used as the load that electronics reply abnormal high temperature uses, uses the temperature fuse, so outage gets final product according to temperature, need not consider the mechanical intensity of the creep properties etc. of alloy owing in use do not exert pressure, so it can not use as alloy for fusible plug directly.
Summary of the invention
Present inventors provide a kind of Cd and Pb that does not contain objectionable constituent, even use for a long time as the security device of freezing plant, alloy can not extruded from fusible plug yet, is the high fusible plugs of physical strength such as a kind of creep properties.
The present inventor studies 65～75 ℃ and 85～95 ℃ of shortcomings with alloy of solid-state temperature and peak temperature repeatedly with keen determination at existing, it found that, at Bi-In-Sn is in the alloy, the alloy in limited composition territory has solid-state temperature and peak temperature at about 70～75 ℃ and about 90～95 ℃, this temperature field is also very narrow and small, be suitable for alloy for fusible plug, thereby finish the present invention.And this alloy does not contain any Cd and Pb as objectionable constituent.
Of the present invention is a kind of alloy for fusible plug about 70～75 ℃ of alloys that melt down, and it contains the Sn of 0.1～2.0 quality %, the Bi of 31～37 quality %, and surplus is In.
Of the present invention in addition is a kind of alloy for fusible plug about 90～95 ℃ of alloys that melt down, and it contains the Zn of 0.05～0.4 quality %, the Bi of 43～55 quality %, and surplus is In.
Alloy for fusible plug of the present invention does not contain the Cd and the Pb of any objectionable constituent, and alloy can not be extruded from fusible plug, therefore as the security device of freezing plant, can change fusible plug and use for a long time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of fusible plug.
Fig. 2 is the photo of the fusible plug that is extruded by pressurization after withstand voltage test.
Nomenclature:
1 interval material
2 boiler plug alloies
3 bolts
Embodiment
Though fusible plug exists with ... the temperature of fusion of alloy for fusible plug owing to can apply pressure at ordinary times from refrigerator, so if the mechanical weak strength of creep properties etc. then can't use as security device.Conduct of the present invention has the alloy of solid phase peak temperature under about 70～75 ℃ Bi-In-Sn is in the alloy, when the amount of Sn is lower than 0.1 quality %, the mechanicalness intensity of alloy self is low, therefore there be the flying out of alloy in the so-called withstand voltage test to surpass the such shortcoming of specified amount, if the amount of Sn is more than 2.0 quality %, then Bi-In-Sn is the solid-state temperature reduction of alloy, therefore the temperature of fusion of alloy is near employed temperature field, the deterioration of the intensity of alloy takes place, and makes the creep properties deterioration under the working temperature territory.Be in the alloy at Bi-In-Sn of the present invention, Sn content is necessary for 0.1～2.0 quality % for this reason.In addition, when Bi content is lower than 31 quality %, Bi-In-Sn is that the liquidus temperature of alloy excessively rises, the meltbility variation of alloy, defective in fusion test, if the amount of Bi is more than 37 quality %, the eutectic point that then breaks away from the Sn-In alloy, therefore liquidus temperature excessively rises, and the meltbility variation of alloy is defective in fusion test.Therefore Bi-In-Sn of the present invention is that its Bi content of alloy is necessary for 31～37 quality %.In the present invention, by being that 0.1～2.0 quality %, Bi are that 31～37 quality %, surplus are In as Sn, can access the alloy for fusible plug that in 70～75 ℃ use temperature territory, has strong creep properties.More preferably Sn is that 0.5 quality %, Bi are that 35 quality %, surplus are the alloy of In, can access the alloy for fusible plug in the intensity of use temperature territory creep properties.When breaking away from above-mentioned composition as Sn, the Bi of the basic comprising composition of alloy for fusible plug of the present invention, the melt temperature territory broadens, and diminishes job stability.
Secondly, conduct of the present invention has the alloy of solid phase peak temperature under about 90～95 ℃ Bi-In-Zn is in the alloy, when the amount of Zn is lower than 0.05 quality %, the mechanicalness intensity of alloy self is low, therefore have the flying out of alloy in the so-called withstand voltage test to surpass the such shortcoming of specified amount, if the amount of Zn is more than 0.4 quality %, then Bi-In-Zn is the solid-state temperature reduction of alloy, therefore the temperature of fusion of alloy makes the creep properties deterioration under the working temperature territory near employed temperature field.Therefore be in the alloy at Bi-In-Zn of the present invention, Zn content is necessary for 0.05～0.4 quality %.When the Bi content that Bi-In-Zn of the present invention in addition is an alloy is lower than 43 quality %, Bi-In-Zn is that the liquidus temperature of alloy excessively rises, the meltbility variation of alloy, defective in fusion test, if the amount of Bi is more than 37 quality %, then break away from the eutectic point of Sn-In alloy, so liquidus temperature rises excessively, the meltbility variation of alloy, defective in fusion test.Therefore Bi-In-Zn of the present invention is that its Bi content of alloy is necessary for 43～55 quality %.In the present invention, by being that 0.05～0.4 quality %, Bi are that 43～55 quality %, surplus are the alloy of In as Zn, can access the strong alloy for fusible plug of creep properties.More preferably Zn is that 0.2 quality %, Bi are that 48 quality %, surplus are the alloy of In, can access the alloy for fusible plug in the intensity of use temperature territory creep properties.When breaking away from above-mentioned composition as Zn, the Bi of the basic comprising composition of alloy for fusible plug of the present invention, the melt temperature territory broadens, and is impaired as the job stability of fusible plug.
In addition, be that alloy and Bi-In-Zn are in the alloy at Bi-In-Sn of the present invention, can add the intensity of Cu, Sb, Ge, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, La family etc. and add element.So-called La family is also referred to as lanthanon, is meant the element that La and Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu these and La have approximate characteristic.These intensity are added element and are all produced effect alone or in combination.At Bi-In-Sn of the present invention is that alloy and Bi-In-Zn are in the alloy, and especially the interpolation of adding the Cu of element as intensity can improve creep properties.But these intensity interpolation elements are different with the invention of aforesaid patent documentation 3, and must make it to be melted in Bi-In-Sn is that alloy and Bi-In-Zn use in the alloy, therefore if addition is too much, the melt temperature of alloy risen.Therefore the total amount of intensity interpolation element preferably is in below the 2.0 quality %.The addition that most preferred each intensity is added element is as follows: Cu is that 0.1～1.0 quality %, Sb are that 0.2～2.0 quality %, Ge are that 0.1～1.0 quality %, Ag are that 0.1～0.7 quality %, Au are that 0.1～0.6 quality %, Zn are that 0.2～0.6 quality %, Ni are that 0.02～0.1 quality %, La family are 0.01～0.1 quality %, improve effect if can not embody the intensity of alloy at least than this amount, can't work if more than this, add under the target temperature territory that liquidus temperature is risen.
Fusible plug of the present invention is that to make Bi-In-Sn be that alloy and Bi-In-Zn are alloy molten and being sealed at interval in the material, according to the shape of interval material, can adapt to the fusible plug of single screw bolt-type, two screw bolt-type, Taper Pipe type, multi-hole type etc.
Make alloy for fusible plug of the present invention and fusible plug, relatively its characteristic.
Make the fusibility alloy shown in table 1 and the table 2, measure heating curve, comprise the starting point of endothermic peak, the lower-most point of endothermic peak, the end point of endothermic peak, measure solid-state temperature, peak temperature, liquidus temperature from the differential thermal analysis of each alloy composition.The melt temperature that in table 1 and table 2, shows each alloy.
Comparative example 4 and 5 is alloy for fusible plug of patent documentation 2 and 3 among table 1.
The condition determination of melt temperature is as follows.
1. the mensuration of differential thermal analysis
Differential thermal analysis determinator SII system differential scans calorimeter
Heat-up rate: 5deg/min
Test portion weight: 10mg
[table 1]
[table 2]
Secondly, the boiler plug alloy of ST Stuffing Table 1 and table 2 is made fusible plug in the interval material 1 of the fusible plug of single screw bolt-type shown in Figure 1, measures the creep properties (being called withstand voltage test) of each alloy composition and the working temperature of this fusible plug.In withstand voltage test, work test, use the fusible plug of the internal diameter of total length 28mm, leading section as 3mm.
2. withstand voltage test
1. be to be set at 65 ℃ in the alloy at Bi-In-Sn), Bi-In-Zn is set in the alloy in 85 ℃ the thermostatic chamber to put into fusible plug, and is connected on the compressor, applies the pressure of 15MPa.
2.) from thermostatic chamber, take out fusible plug after 24 hours, remove itself and being connected of compressor.
3.) heat release is after 24 hours, measures the length that the boiler plug alloy of filling is pulled out from the material of interval.
4. what) show in table 1 and the table 2 is the alloy length of having extended when having implemented withstand voltage test, and what show among Fig. 2 is under 65 ℃ condition, has measured the representational photo of the alloy composition of the embodiment of table 1 and comparative example.Among photo, the 1st, the result of the fusible plug of embodiment 8, the 2nd, the result of the fusible plug of comparative example 4, the 3rd, the result of the fusible plug of comparative example 5.
3. working temperature
1.) fusible plug is connected on the compressor, and applies the pressure of 3MPa.
2.) fusible plug that will be connected on the compressor drops in the tank, adds the water in the hot water tank.
3.) bleed off air without a break in the fusible plug from tank, this temperature is measured as working temperature.
Watch the photo of Fig. 2, fusible plug as a comparative example 2 more relative low with the fusible plug of embodiment with 3 its solid-state temperatures, so alloy for fusible plug is extracted elongation.Particularly 5 fusible plug 3 is to become semi-melting shape body under 65 ℃ the heating at test conditions as a comparative example.With respect to this, fusible plug 1 its alloy for fusible plug of embodiments of the invention is extracted few, and alloy for fusible plug does not extend.
Fusible plug of the present invention is in about 70～75 ℃ and about 95～100 ℃ of work down; because the low-temperature creep characteristic of boiler plug alloy is good; even so at high temperature exert pressure for a long time; boiler plug alloy still can not extracted from the material of interval; therefore when being used in the protector of freezing plant, can use for a long time, play existing fusible plug the effect that can not play.
The industrial possibility of utilizing
Boiler plug alloy of the present invention is not only the fusible plug of the protective device that is used in refrigerating plant, and the same with fusible plug, also can use with alloy as the sprayer that often is under pressure (sprinkler).
Claims (2)
1. an alloy for fusible plug is characterized in that, containing Zn is that 0.05～0.4 quality %, Bi are that 47～55 quality %, surplus are In, and the working temperature of described alloy for fusible plug is 90～95 ℃.
2. alloy for fusible plug according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described alloy for fusible plug, can also add the following intensity that adds up to 2.0 quality % and add among the element minimum a kind more than the element: Cu is that 0.1～1.0 quality %, Sb are that 0.2～2.0 quality %, Ge are that 0.1～1.0 quality %, Ag are that 0.1～0.7 quality %, Au are that 0.1～0.6 quality %, Ni are that 0.02～0.1 quality %, La family are 0.01～0.1 quality %.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101681331A CN101899601A (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2004-11-24 | Alloy for fusible plug and fusible plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101681331A CN101899601A (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2004-11-24 | Alloy for fusible plug and fusible plug |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2004800444609A Division CN101065604B (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2004-11-24 | Alloy for fusible plug and fusible plug |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101899601A true CN101899601A (en) | 2010-12-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101681331A Pending CN101899601A (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2004-11-24 | Alloy for fusible plug and fusible plug |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106756382A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 佛山新瑞科创金属材料有限公司 | It is a kind of to be used for 54 61 DEG C of liquid metals of radiating with anti-molten characteristic |
| CN112538580A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-23 | 浙江工业大学之江学院 | Preparation process of low-melting-point high-voltage-resistant tin-lead alloy material |
-
2004
- 2004-11-24 CN CN2010101681331A patent/CN101899601A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106756382A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 佛山新瑞科创金属材料有限公司 | It is a kind of to be used for 54 61 DEG C of liquid metals of radiating with anti-molten characteristic |
| CN112538580A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-23 | 浙江工业大学之江学院 | Preparation process of low-melting-point high-voltage-resistant tin-lead alloy material |
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Application publication date: 20101201 |