CN101895234A - The method of power conversion and collection - Google Patents
The method of power conversion and collection Download PDFInfo
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- CN101895234A CN101895234A CN2010102096867A CN201010209686A CN101895234A CN 101895234 A CN101895234 A CN 101895234A CN 2010102096867 A CN2010102096867 A CN 2010102096867A CN 201010209686 A CN201010209686 A CN 201010209686A CN 101895234 A CN101895234 A CN 101895234A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of novel energy conversion and collection, relate more specifically to a kind of new-generation technology and cooling system.Generation technology of the present invention passes through the selection permeability of pellicle, zwitterion is separated with film make zwitterion produce potential difference in the film both sides, and utilizes this potential difference to realize generating.Method of the present invention comprises energy collecting unit, converting unit and boost module; It is characterized in that converting unit is utilized the selection permeability of pellicle, make electrolytical anion or cation form membrane voltage in the film both sides; Boost module is converted to membrane voltage the electric energy that can externally export; The energy collecting unit is used to the converting unit makeup energy.Technology of the present invention also can be directly used in fields such as electrolysis, plating, plays the effect of saves energy by additional power source forward stack membrane voltage.Simultaneously, method of the present invention can also reach cooling purpose by absorbing heat energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of novel energy conversion and collection, and the equipment of realizing this method.Relate more specifically to a kind of new-generation technology and cooling system, generation technology of the present invention passes through the selection permeability of pellicle, zwitterion is separated with film make zwitterion produce potential difference in the film both sides, and utilizes this potential difference to realize generating.Simultaneously, technology of the present invention also can be directly used in fields such as electrolysis, plating, plays the effect of saves energy by additional power source forward stack membrane voltage.Simultaneously, method of the present invention can also reach cooling purpose by absorbing heat energy.
Background technology
Traditional generation technology is by waterpower and fossil fuel generating.But hydroelectric power generation is subjected to the restriction in region and season, and may be to environment and the bigger adverse effect of ecological generation.And since the emission of substance such as carbon dioxide of day by day exhausted trend of fossil fuel resource and generation to the adverse effect of environment, people begin to seek other and obtain energy technology.
Subsequently, beginning such as people's wind energy nuclear power solar energy is a large amount of occurs and has been applied to field such as generating.But, the unsteadiness of wind energy, expensive all the becoming of the danger of nuclear energy and solar energy limited the unfavorable factor that above generation technology is difficult to overcome.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is devoted to develop a kind of above state-of-the art energy technology that is unfavorable for the effects limit of traditional generation technology and new energy technology that is not subjected to, and a kind of brand-new power conversion and the method and apparatus of collection are provided.Technology of the present invention can directly be converted into electric energy with heat energy.
The method of power conversion of the present invention and collection realizes by systems such as energy collecting unit, converting unit and boost modules.
Converting unit comprises pellicle, electrolyte solution and electrode.Pellicle separates the vessel space of electrolyte solution.In the vessel space of the both sides of pellicle is electrolyte solution, the pellicle of this specification is selected permeability because of it, can just make molecular weight is bigger in the zwitterion of container internal electrolyte solution a certain ion intercept a side at film, and the ion of solvent and other small-molecular weights can freely pass through pellicle, gathering in various degree appears in the zwitterion in the container in the film both sides, produce potential difference in the both sides of film thus.This potential difference is drawn, just can realize by the conversion of heat energy to electric energy.Also having an application as this invention is exactly electrolysis, and applied voltage forward stack membrane voltage can play the effect that saves energy reduces cost in fields such as electrolysis (as copper electrolyzing refining, brine electrolysis etc.) plating.
Be the basic principle figure of converting unit as shown in Figure 1.With the container that separates less than 40 pellicle R by the ionic molecule amount, the inside, the space, both sides of container is equipped with K respectively
+Solion and SO
4 2-Solion.Because, K
+Ion and SO
4 2-The diameter that the diameter of ion passes through greater than pellicle can not pass through pellicle, can only stay the both sides of container.Like this, just form a voltage in the both sides of film.When the both sides at film add load R
AbThe time situation as shown in Figure 5.
If a, b are inert electrode, a, b are attached to the pellicle both sides respectively, at a utmost point generation oxidation reaction, 4OH
--4e=2H
2O+O
2
At b utmost point generation reduction reaction, 4H
++ 4e=2H
2
Electron stream overload R
AbOutwards acting.As membrane voltage U
AbLess than the decomposition voltage 1.23V of water, react and be reversible reaction, H
2And O
2Can not overflow H
2And O
2In solution, form primary cell 2H
2+ O
2=2H
2O regenerates H
2O; Therefore, system is stable.
After the voltage of film both sides drawn and being delivered to load, the potential difference of film both sides descends, and at this moment, need replenish the energy of converting unit output consumption by certain form.If export the energy that consumes, just can realize by the conversion of heat energy to electric energy and utilize this moment modal heat energy to replenish converting unit.
Membrane voltage is converted to lasting electric current, further proof:
The device that makes electric energy be transformed into chemical energy is called electrolytic cell.When direct current by electrolyte solution, cation is to cathodic migration, anion anode migration, and on electrode, play reduction and oxidation reaction respectively, thereby obtain reduzate and oxidation product.If add a voltage on a battery, increase the chemical reaction of voltage in making battery gradually and take a turn for the worse electrolysis that Here it is.
Method of the present invention also can be used for electrolysis, and converting unit is utilized pellicle, makes in the electrolyte macromolecular anion or cation be blocked on pellicle one side, and solvent and low-weight ions can be passed through pellicle.Anion in the electrolyte solution or cation are separated in the film both sides and after forming membrane voltage; Applied voltage carries out electrolysis by forward stack membrane voltage, reaches the purpose of saves energy.Converting unit comprises pellicle, solion and electrode.Wherein, electrode can be an inert electrode.
Experiment shows, when arbitrary electrolysis tank is carried out electrolysis, along with the change of applied voltage, by the also variation thereupon of electric current of this electrolysis tank.
For example, use two platinum electrode electrolysis H
2During O solution, change variable resistor, the reading of recording voltmeter and ammeter then can be measured the relation curve of electrolysis tank two ends potential difference and current strength.During beginning, when applied voltage is very little, almost there is not electric current to pass through electrolysis tank; Voltage increases, and electric current slightly increases; When electric current be increased to certain a bit after, electric current increases with voltage and sharply rises, and has continuous bubble to overflow simultaneously on the electrode.
Reaction on two electrodes can be expressed as follows:
Negative electrode 2H
+(a
H+)+2e → H
2(g, p)
Anode 4 (OH)
-(aOH
-) → O
2(g, p)+2H
2O-4e
-
When having bubble to overflow on the electrode, H
2And O
2Pressure equal atmospheric pressure.
Electrolytic process is analyzed: when beginning to add external voltage, also do not have H
2And O
2Generate, their pressure is almost nil, increases external pressure slightly, has produced a spot of H on the electrode surface
2And O
2Though pressure is little, constituted a primary cell (spontaneously carrying out following reaction)
(-)H
2(p)→2H
+(a
H+)+2e
-
(+)O
2(g)+2H2O+4e-→4(OH)-
At this moment, the direction of the reaction just in time carried out with electrolysis of the direction of reacting on the electrode is opposite.Because the product on the electrode is diffused into solution and has suffered, and need electrode product be replenished by atomic little electric current.Continue to increase applied voltage, H is just arranged on the electrode
2And O
2Continue to produce also and in solution, spread, thereby electric current also there is a little increase, be equivalent to the 1-2 section on (shown in Figure 11) I-E curve.This moment is because pH
2And pO
2Constantly increase, increase to when equaling external atmospheric pressure, just begin to have bubble to overflow on the electrode until gas pressure, this moment electromotive force E
bReach maximum E
B, maxTo no longer continue increases.If continuation increase applied voltage only increases the potential drop (E in the solution
Outward-E
B, max)=IR, thus make current surge, promptly be equivalent to the straight line portion of 2-3 section in the I-E curve.It is exactly E that straight line portion is extended to the voltage that the I=0 place gets
B, max, this is a necessary minimum voltage applied when making certain electrolyte successively electrolysis take place, and is called the decomposition voltage of electrolyte.
E theoretically
B, maxShould equal the E (reversible) of primary cell, but E in fact
B, maxBut greater than E (reversible).This is that reason by two aspects causes.The one, because electrolyte, lead and contact point all have certain resistance, desire to make electric current by must overcoming the IR potential drop with a part of voltage, this is equivalent to the electricity of I2R touched and is converted into heat.The 2nd, because the irreversible electrode process of carrying out on two electrodes during actual electrolysis causes, cation is separated out at negative electrode, the cathode potential that adds must be more negative than reversible electrode potential, anion is separated out at anode, and the anode potential that adds must be corrected than reversible potentials.We since electric current when the electrode, the phenomenon that electrode potential departs from reversible electrode potential is called polarization phenomena.
In fact the position of decomposition voltage is unascertainable very accurate on the I-E curve, and I-E curve very definite theory significance not, and resulting decomposition voltage also Chang Buneng repeats, but it is very with practical value.
Electrolytical decomposition voltage is relevant with electrode reaction.For example number acid, alkali at the decomposition voltage on the smooth platinum electrode all about 1.7V.Their decomposition voltage is irrelevant with electrolytical kind basically, and this is because the electrolysate of these acid, alkali all is H
2(negative electrode) and O
2(anode).Their theoretical decomposition voltage all is 1.23V, this shows, even on platinum electrode, and H
2And O
2All there is sizable polarization to take place.
The voltage of halogen acids is all little than 1.7V, and its numerical value has nothing in common with each other, and this is because the product that occurs on two electrodes is the analyte of halogen acids.Electrode reaction and electrolysate are different, nature, and decomposition voltage is also just variant.
Brief summary: we when making certain electrolyte begin cell reaction the minimum voltage that must apply, be called this electrolytical decomposition voltage.Theoretical decomposition voltage is also referred to as reversible decomposition voltage, equals the cell electromotive force.But electrolysis is carried out with given pace in the real work, and process is irreversible.At this moment decomposition voltage E (reality)＞E (reason), reason is: when electric current passed through, electrode had polarization, and circuit has resistance.Experiment shows: the electrolyte that electrolysis is different, if electrode reaction is identical, decomposition voltage is basic identical.
The decomposition voltage of water and theoretical decomposition voltage calculate:
When brine electrolysis, the direct voltage that is added on the electrolytic cell must be greater than the theoretical decomposition voltage of water, so that can overcome various ohmic drops and electrode polarization electromotive force in the electrolytic cell.The electrode polarization electromotive force is overvoltage and the anodic oxygen utmost point the overvoltage sum when going out of cathode hydrogen when separating out.Therefore, the water electrolysis voltage U can be expressed as:
U in the formula
0---the theoretical decomposition voltage of water, V;
I---Faradaic current, A;
The all-in resistance of R---electrolytic cell, Ω;
---hydrogen overvoltage, V;
---oxygen overvoltage, V.
From the angle of energy consumption, should reduce decomposition voltage as much as possible.The Several Factors that influences decomposition voltage is discussed below:
(1) the theoretical decomposition voltage U of water
0Thermodynamic (al) research draws: the maximum electric work that primary cell is done equals reaction place by the minimizing that can become, that is:
In the formula
---the gibbs free energy change of cell reaction under the standard state, J/mol;
N---the electron transfer number in the reaction;
F---Faraday constant, 96500C/mol;
E
0---the standard eleotromotive force of reacting under the standard state, V.
In generating the chemical reaction of water, free energy change is-474.4kJ/mol, promptly
2H
2(g)+O
2(g)＝2H
2O(1)
This is a redox reaction, and the half-reaction on two electrodes is respectively:
O
2+4H
++4e＝2H
2O
2H
2＝4H
++4e
Electron transfer number n=4, by
-474.4×10
3＝--4×96500E
0
As seen, when 0.1MPa and 25 ℃, U0=1.23V; The minimum voltage that must provide when it is water electrolysis, it reduces with the rising of temperature, increases with the rising of pressure, 10 times of the every risings of pressure, voltage increases 43mV. approximately
Be exactly membrane voltage as power generation applications converting unit applied voltage in the present invention, as long as stable membrane voltage is arranged, (membrane voltage less than the minimum decomposition voltage of water and the puncture voltage of film) just have stabling current from anode (a pole plate Fig. 5) by load flow to negative electrode (b pole plate among Fig. 5).
The effect of energy collecting unit is exactly to replenish its energy that is consumed for energy conversion unit.The energy collecting unit can be the energy conversion unit makeup energy by modes such as contact heat-exchanging, cycle heat exchange systems.Utilize the energy collecting unit of cycle heat exchange mode to pass through external environment (as industrial thermal wastewater, underground heat etc., and hot-air) heat collection is got up, form by heat exchange is delivered to converting unit then, the interior compound solution temperature of converting unit is kept relative stability, it is constant relatively that membrane voltage is kept, thereby make whole system have the ability to continue outside transmission of electric energy.At industrial circle various heat exchange modes commonly used,, be embodied as the purpose of energy conversion unit makeup energy at present, can be used as energy collecting of the present invention unit as long as can reach the relative stability of keeping compound temperature in the energy conversion unit.
Because the membrane voltage that energy conversion unit produced is less, be unfavorable for using, need utilize boost module to be converted into and can externally export the electric energy that is suitable for commercial Application.
The boost function of boost module can be realized by forms such as boost converters.Common direct current and a-c transducer also can be used for the voltage that converting unit obtains is converted to the various electric product form that is suitable for using again.
The flow chart of power conversion of the present invention and gathering system as shown in Figure 2.The energy collecting unit is delivered to energy conversion unit by heat circulating system with outside energy, keeps the stable of converting unit internal electrolyte solution temperature.Energy conversion unit absorbs the heat energy that the energy collecting unit passes over, and is translated into electric energy.After the voltage rising of boost module with the converting unit electric energy, directly externally power to the load, perhaps get up by battery stores.
Be exactly membrane voltage as power generation applications converting unit applied voltage in the present invention, using the voltage that then acts on solution as electrolysis is membrane voltage and applied voltage sum, system works principle such as Fig. 6.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of converting unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of power conversion of the present invention and gathering system.
Fig. 3-the 4th, the schematic diagram of the energy conversion unit electrolyte solution preparation of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the energy conversion unit of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that utilizes a specific embodiment of method brine electrolysis of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the energy conversion unit of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of boost module of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of another specific embodiment of boost module of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of a specific embodiment of boost module of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the current-voltage curve figure when measuring decomposition voltage.
Figure 12 is the current-voltage curve figure of the invention applied voltage operation interval of marking.
Figure 13 is that of converting unit of the present invention specifically is the schematic diagram of entity.
Among the figure, the 1-inner surface scribbles the thin aluminium of insulating barrier, and thickness is 0.1mm, the earthing of casing;
The 2-space is full of electrolyte (as making the paper that steeped that electrochemical capacitor is used in dielectric);
3-negative electrode (the b utmost point);
The 4-pellicle;
5-positive electrode (a utmost point);
6,7-barrier layer is for the insulating material purpose is to stop solution to outdiffusion.
3-negative electrode (the b utmost point) and 5-positive electrode (a utmost point) are attached on the 4-pellicle.
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram that the present invention tests.
Embodiment
Subordinate list is the dissolubility table of common slaine, and in the table, the strong acid root salt of various electrolyte soluble in water, particularly strong basicity metal can be used as the electrolyte solution of energy conversion unit of the present invention.
For the solubility of different electrolyte solutions and the data of degree of ionization, can obtain from various textbooks, handbook or by network.
Following table is common salt dissolubility table.
[table one: common salt dissolubility table]
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte of employing is K
2SO
4The aqueous solution.
Simultaneously, when enforcement was of the present invention, we it should be noted that the water power decompress(ion) is 1.23V.Therefore, we implement the time of the present invention, should keep voltage between the two-plate less than 1.23V during as power generation applications, consume aqueous solvent in order to avoid at the two poles of the earth the reaction of brine electrolysis takes place.
K for the present embodiment employing
2SO
4The aqueous solution, selected in this specific embodiment of the present invention is ion by molecular weight less than 40 pellicle.
The pellicle that much can satisfy embodiments of the invention is arranged in the prior art, and these pellicles become commodity with the form of specification product, and the technical staff can be relatively easy to select enough to buy and obtains to satisfy the permeable membrane of present embodiment in the field.
Container therefrom is partitioned into the space of two sealings with pellicle (R), direct adding k respectively in both sides
+The aqueous solution and SO
4 2-The aqueous solution, pellicle are used by the ionic molecule amount less than 40 pellicle, can only then can not be by producing an electric field thus by hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion hydrated potassium ion and hydration sulfate ion.
Electrolyte solution can separate bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry solution by pressing mode respectively with pellicle earlier, then the press juice of acid is mixed with the raffinate of acid with the raffinate of alkali, the press juice of alkali, concentrate the electrolyte solution that solion makes the pellicle both sides by methods such as distillations simultaneously.This electrolyte is suitable for collection of energy method of the present invention and electrolytic method.
Concrete grammar and step are as follows:
Use by the ionic molecule amount less than 40 with pellicle, add dilution heat of sulfuric acid, then to the sulfuric acid solution pressurization (as shown in Figure 3) of this side in a side of pellicle.Both sides at film obtain following solution respectively:
A liquid composition: a large amount of SO
4 2-, small amount of H
+, H
2O; B liquid composition: H
+, H
2O.
In the same way, add the weak solution of potassium hydroxide, then to the solution pressurization (as shown in Figure 4) of this side in a side of pellicle.Both sides at film obtain following solution respectively:
C liquid composition: a large amount of K
+, a small amount of OH
-, H
2O; D liquid composition: OH
-, H
2O.
The solution such as the following mode that make are mixed in twos:
A liquid adds the solution after D liquid concentrates by methods such as distillations, at (Fig. 5) film right side composition: H
2O, SO
4 2-, small amount of H
+B liquid adds the solution after C liquid concentrates by methods such as distillations, at (Fig. 5) film left side composition: H
2O, K
+, a small amount of OH
-By A liquid and D liquid, be film right side furnishing pH value 6.5; By B liquid and C liquid, be film left side furnishing pH value 7.5.
According to Fig. 5 connecting circuit, wherein, a, b are inert electrode, R
AbBe load resistance, R is a pellicle, and pellicle can only be by molecular weight less than 40 material.
The essence of this method configuration solution is to use H
+Residual OH in coming and in the C liquid
-, use OH
-In coming and the H in the A liquid
+Thereby, reach K
+And SO
4 2-Be that zwitterion is stayed the film both sides, and solution show neutral purpose.
Pellicle both sides voltage U
FilmBy the Goldman formula as can be known.
Wherein, R is a universal gas constant; F is a Faraday constant; T is an absolute temperature; R=8.314; F=965000C/mol; P
K, be K
+Permeability coefficient; P
SO4, be SO
4 2-Permeability coefficient; [K] o is K
+The film extracellular concentration; [K] i is K
+Concentration in the film; [SO
4] o is SO42-film extracellular concentration; [SO
4] i is concentration in the SO42-film.
Annotate: the Goldman formula is referring to " electrophysiology basis " 21 century postgraduate of Fudan University didactic works, author: Wolfgang. Schwarz.Hodgkin has revised the Nernst formula, has introduced permeability as parameter, and formula is generalized to and can calculates film potential according to different kinds of ions, and this formula is known as the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz formula now.
Because K
+And SO
4 2-Percent of pass by pellicle very low (learning) by seeking advice from properties of product to the Hydranautics technical staff, K
+Percent of pass is 2%, SO
4 2-Percent of pass is 1%.
If this system temperature is 30 ℃, by solubility table as can be known, K
2SO
4Solubility is 13 grams,
When the both sides at film add load R
AbThe time situation as shown in Figure 5.
If a, b are inert electrode, at a utmost point generation oxidation reaction, 4OH
--4e=2H
2O+O
2
At b utmost point generation reduction reaction, 4H
++ 4e=2H
2
Electron stream overload R
AbOutwards acting.Because membrane voltage U
Ab=0.106V is less than the decomposition voltage 1.23V of water, H
2And O
2Can not overflow H
2And O
2In solution, form primary cell 2H
2+ O
2=2H
2O regenerates H
2O; Therefore, system is stable.
Because former pellicle monofilm is to K
+Ion, SO
4 2-The rejection rate of ion is lower, and in order to obtain higher membrane voltage, we can take the multilayer film scheme.Ion branch as shown in Figure 7 after the concrete structure of multilayer film scheme and the balance.
Pellicle can use Hydranautics, and the average rejection rate of the every tunic of the pellicle of this brand is 98% (to K
+Ion and SO
4 2-Ion).
Following table is the specifications and models performance table of Hydranautics pellicle.
As shown in Figure 7, a, b are inert electrode, and the spacing d of four layers of pellicle is very little.
That is, produce the voltage output of 0.4V at A, B two ends, (boost module is made of the S-882Z of Seiko electronics or the DC/DC boost converter TPS61200 of Texas Instrument this voltage by boost module.S-882Z or TPS61200 input voltage are 0.3V, and output voltage is 3-5V) to battery charge (referring to Fig. 8-Figure 10).
Simultaneously, because to load R
AbWork done, U
AbBe U
FilmTo descend.By the Goldman formula as can be known, ion concentration is constant when the film both sides, and T will descend.Heated solution can make U
AbKeep stable, thereby realize by the conversion of heat energy to electric energy.
System is to R
AbThe merit W that does
Ab=q * Δ U
Ab, q is relevant with the ionic weight of pellicle both sides, and is promptly relevant with solubility.Essence separates zwitterion in film both sides generation film potential (utilizing this voltage to promote load outwards does work) with pellicle, requires film potential less than the minimum decomposition voltage of water and the puncture voltage of film, to keep the stable of whole system.The interior resistance of system is the electrolytic resistance of water.Certainly, the effect that different compounds produces also has very big difference, because in the time of 30 ℃, K
2CO
3Solubility be 114 grams, the ionic weight of both sides is increased, in this description, have converting unit heat energy to illustrate to the conversion of electric energy by additional embodiment.Characteristics of the present invention and advantage are conspicuous.
Also having an application as this invention is exactly that brine electrolysis is made hydrogen and oxygen.Still be example with potassium ion and sulfate ion solution below, in the middle of a container, use by molecular weight to separate, form the container of two isolation less than 40 pellicle.Because being separated in the both sides of film by pellicle, zwitterion forms membrane voltage U
Film
Connect power supply U according to Fig. 6
1, establishing electrolysis electrode and solution contact resistance is r, and Faradaic current is I, and heated solution makes solution temperature keep stable simultaneously, and a, b electrode paste are on pellicle.
Just can produce oxygen and hydrogen when satisfying following formula at a, b the two poles of the earth.
U
1+ U
FilmLess than the film puncture voltage
U
1+ U
Film=U
Reversible+ IR+U
Irreversible
A utmost point generation oxidation reaction: 4OH
--4e=2H
2O+O
2↑
B utmost point generation reduction reaction: 4H
++ 4e=2H
2↑
It is much lower that this application can prepare the hydrogen cost than at present direct brine electrolysis method, similar with the brine electrolysis principle, change film and pass through molecular weight, form membrane voltage in the film both sides, forward stack membrane voltage can play the effect that saves energy reduces cost in fields such as electrolysis (as copper electrolyzing refining etc.) plating.
In conjunction with Figure 11 is that current-voltage curve figure when measuring decomposition voltage and Figure 12 are that the current-voltage curve figure of the invention applied voltage operation interval of marking can draw to draw a conclusion:
1) also less as transducer W=U film * I U film and the less unit are power that obtains of I, U film＜E decomposes, system is stable (do not have hydrogen and oxygen overflows), simultaneously if voltage stable be that membrane voltage is stable, system just can be constantly to the load output current.
2) utilize membrane voltage forward addition method brine electrolysis to make hydrogen
Same system power is W=U film * I.Though the U film does not change, it is big that I becomes, so W has increased, so transformation efficiency will be higher than transducer.
Of the present invention one specifically be embodiment converting unit as shown in figure 13.Among the figure,
The 1-inner surface scribbles the thin aluminium of insulating barrier, and thickness is 0.1mm, the earthing of casing;
The 2-space is full of electrolyte (as making the paper that steeped that electrochemical capacitor is used in dielectric);
3-negative electrode (the b utmost point);
The 4-pellicle;
5-positive electrode (a utmost point);
6,7-barrier layer stops solution to outdiffusion.
3-negative electrode (the b utmost point) and 5-positive electrode (a utmost point) are attached on the 4-pellicle.
More than describe and openly at tabular converting unit, other converting units as geometry such as cylindric also are requirements according to the invention.
The boost module of specific embodiments of the invention is shown in Fig. 8-10.
Use the TPS61200DC/DC of Texas Instrument boost converter; Can be under the input voltage of not enough 0.3V efficient operation; Integrated 1.5A switch; Starting resistor only is 0.5V; Output short circuit protection; Output voltage 3-5V under-voltage locking able to programme and unique step-down translative mode; Adopt 3 millimeters x3 millimeter 10 pin QFN encapsulation.
The boost module operation principle:
The S-882Z series charge pump product that boost module uses Seiko Instr Inc (SII) to release.
This product main feature:
● the input voltage VIN scope:
During in Ta=-30～+ 60 ℃ is 0.3～3.0V,
During in Ta=-40～+ 85 ℃ is 0.35～3.0V;
● the current sinking during work is 0.5mA (maximum) when VIN=0.3V;
● closing control is arranged, and power consumption is less than 0.6 μ A (VIN=0.3V) in off position or when claiming resting state;
● closing control voltage be discharge ionization voltage add 0.1V (≤3.0V);
● internal oscillator frequency 350kHz;
● the outside only connects one and starts electric capacity (CCPOUT);
● small size SOT-23-5 encapsulation;
● unleaded.
The internal structure of S-882Z as shown in figure 10.
Below, we just come specifically to look at the operation principle (see figure 9) of S-882Z.
Power supply is that input connects the conversion unit, and Load is an output loading termination storage battery
During the above voltage of the VIN terminal of 1 pair of S-882Z series input 0.3V, oscillating circuit just can be started working, and exports the CLK signal from oscillating circuit.
2 drive charge pump circuit by this CLK signal, and are booster voltage with the voltage transitions of VIN terminal in charge pump circuit.
3 booster voltages from charge pump circuit output can be charged to the startup capacitor (C that is connected with the CPOUT terminal lentamente
CPOUT) in, therefore, the voltage of CPOUT terminal can rise lentamente.
4 as CPOUT terminal voltage (V
CPOUT) reach discharge ionization voltage (V
CPOUT1) when above, the output signal of transducer (COMP1) will change electronegative potential into from high potential.Therefore, the discharge control switch (M1) that is in "off" state can change "open" state into.
5M1 becomes after the "open" state, C
CPOUTThe electric power that boosts of place charging can begin discharge from the OUT terminal.
6 because discharge stops voltage (V when VCPOUT is reduced to discharge
CPOUT2) time, M1 will change "off" state into and stop discharge.
7 as VM terminal voltage (V
VM) reach ON/OFF control voltage (V
OFF) when above, the output signal (EN-) of transducer (COMP2) will change high potential into from electronegative potential.Therefore, oscillating circuit can quit work, and changes resting state into.
8 work as VVM can not reach V
OFFWhen above, the electric power that boosts that can be used to the self-charging pump circuit comes C
CPOUTRecharge, and turn back to the work of (3).
Thereby the low voltage and direct current that converting unit produces boosted become our operable electric energy to the load charge in batteries.
Concrete experiment
Experiment material: H
2O, KOH, H
2SO
4, pellicle (stripping) membrane area 0.002M from the filter core model Hydranautics CPA2-4040 of service water processor
2, voltmeter, ammeter, resistance etc.
Experimental temperature: 22 ℃
Experimental procedure:
1, connects each experimental provision (resistance, voltmeter, ammeter wouldn't connect) by Figure 14.
2, in container, add KOH solution, add rare H at pellicle
2SO
4Solution, the KOH of adding and H
2SO
4Solution can just neutralize as calculated, measures pH value with test paper.
3, leave standstill resistance, ammeter and the voltmeter that connects 1 ohm after 24 hours, record is data for the first time.
4, write down a secondary data after certain hour, until next 24 hours.
Experimental result:
| Time | Electric current | Voltage |
| 0 | 0.7mA | 0.15v |
| 8 minutes | 0.25mA | 0.07v |
| 15 minutes | 0.10mA | 0.05v |
| 45 minutes | 0.10mA | 0.04v |
| 60 minutes | 0.10mA | 0.04v |
| 120 minutes | 0.10mA | 0.04v |
| 24 hours | 0.10mA | 0.037v |
Can prove that by above experiment this device can be from the surrounding environment draw heat, thereby produce the electric current (electric current keeps 0.10mA always in the experiment) that continues.
With the specific embodiment of above each unit, connect into a loop according to Fig. 2 and just can implement the present invention.Different embodiment is combined to form different technical schemes.
As an invention, this device is converted into electric energy (passing through converting unit) to environment thermal energy, again Weak current (passing through converting unit) is converted into our operable electric energy, thereby has suitable novelty and practicality.Certainly.Because condition is limited, it is very little that existing this installs present power, is feasible as a kind of novel generation technology still.From now on, along with the development of membrane separation technique, and the improvement of specific embodiment, improve electric weight as improving compound increase ion concentration, in solution, add impurity and strengthen electric current, thereby improve unit power, increase the practicality of this technology.
Above specific embodiment is in order to help the understanding to each unit principle of the present invention; its embodiment does not constitute limiting the scope of the invention; those of skill in the art can understand, implement and change the present invention according to specific embodiments of the invention.Technical staff's the different understanding of carrying out according to method of the present invention is implemented and is changed in the field, all should be considered as different execution mode of the present invention, all within the scope of the technical scheme that the present invention protected.
Claims (12)
1. novel energy conversion and collection method comprise energy collecting unit, converting unit and boost module; It is characterized in that converting unit is utilized the selection permeability of pellicle, make electrolytical anion or cation form membrane voltage in the film both sides; Boost module is converted to membrane voltage the electric energy that can externally export; The energy collecting unit is used to the converting unit makeup energy.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described converting unit comprises pellicle, electrolyte solution and electrode.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the electrolyte ion of macromolecule is separated in pellicle one side, and solvent and low-weight ions can be passed through pellicle.
4. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described electrolyte solution separates bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry solution by pressing mode with pellicle earlier, then the press juice of acid is mixed with acid with the press juice of alkali, alkali, concentrate the electrolyte solution that solion makes the pellicle both sides by methods such as distillations simultaneously.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the form of described energy collecting unit by using cycle heat exchange is the converting unit makeup energy.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described energy collecting unit by using be heat energy in the waste water underground heat hot-air.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the form transferring heat energy that adopts contact heat-exchanging between described energy collecting unit and the converting unit.
8. novel electrolytic method is characterized in that converting unit utilizes pellicle, anion in the electrolyte solution or cation is separated formed membrane voltage in the film both sides; Applied voltage carries out electrolysis by forward stack membrane voltage, reaches the purpose of saves energy.
9. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: converting unit comprises pellicle, electrolyte solution and electrode.
10. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: described electrode is an inert electrode.
11. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: macromolecular anion or cation are blocked on pellicle one side in the described electrolyte, and solvent and low-weight ions can be passed through pellicle.
12. method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described electrolyte separates bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry solution by pressing mode respectively with pellicle earlier, then the press juice of acid is mixed with the raffinate of acid with the raffinate of alkali, the press juice of alkali, concentrate the electrolyte solution that solion makes the pellicle both sides by methods such as distillations simultaneously.
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| CN2010102096867A CN101895234A (en) | 2010-06-25 | 2010-06-25 | The method of power conversion and collection |
| CN2010105111017A CN102013838A (en) | 2010-06-25 | 2010-10-19 | Method for transforming and collecting energy |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012088722A1 (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-07-05 | Sharp Vast Limited | Ion collector |
| CN104164679B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2017-04-12 | 谭延泰 | Hydrogen production system through electrolysis of water, system for synthesizing methanol as well as polar plates used by two systems |
-
2010
- 2010-06-25 CN CN2010102096867A patent/CN101895234A/en active Pending
- 2010-10-19 CN CN2010105111017A patent/CN102013838A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012088722A1 (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-07-05 | Sharp Vast Limited | Ion collector |
| CN104164679B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2017-04-12 | 谭延泰 | Hydrogen production system through electrolysis of water, system for synthesizing methanol as well as polar plates used by two systems |
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|---|---|
| CN102013838A (en) | 2011-04-13 |
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