CN101894916A - Organic light-emitting device - Google Patents
Organic light-emitting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101894916A CN101894916A CN2009101433606A CN200910143360A CN101894916A CN 101894916 A CN101894916 A CN 101894916A CN 2009101433606 A CN2009101433606 A CN 2009101433606A CN 200910143360 A CN200910143360 A CN 200910143360A CN 101894916 A CN101894916 A CN 101894916A
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Abstract
The invention provides an organic light-emitting device. A lower electrode, an organic light-emitting unit, an upper electrode and a light enhancement layer are arranged between a lower substrate and an upper substrate sequentially. The index of refraction of the light enhancement layer is between 2 and 3 and is more than that of the upper substrate so as to effectively improve the luminous intensity of the organic light-emitting device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic luminescent device, relate more specifically to strengthen the structure of its luminous intensity.
Background technology
After Kodak in 1987 developed first high efficiency organic electroluminescence device, (organic light emitting device OLED) had just caused the attention of industry to organic luminescent device.Because the good characteristics such as the speed of response that organic electroluminescence device has high brightness, frivolous, self-luminous, low power consumption, need not backlight, limit at no visual angle, manufacture process is simple and easy and high, it has been regarded as the rising star of flat-panel screens.
For further improving the luminous intensity of OLED, the general Study direction is the composition and the mixed proportion of material of main part/alloy in the luminescent layer of allotment OLED, perhaps the applied material of hole injection layer, hole transmission layer, electron injecting layer and/or electron transfer layer is imported other layer.In brief, the research that major part is improved luminous intensity all focuses on the layer structure and the composition thereof of the organic light-emitting units between anode and the negative electrode, in the hope of fundamentally improving the luminous efficiency of luminescence unit.Yet under the situation of a large amount of manpowers of cost and time cost, above-mentioned adjustment direction but can't be improved luminous intensity effectively.More common situation is to have improved other character such as useful life that luminous intensity has but reduced device significantly by a small margin.
In sum, still need at present under the situation of the little existing organic light-emitting units of amplitude variation, to find out the luminous intensity that to improve all OLED and the method that can not make the OLED deterioration.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of organic luminescent device, it comprises: infrabasal plate; Bottom electrode, it is positioned on the infrabasal plate; Organic light-emitting units, it is positioned on the bottom electrode; Top electrode, it is positioned on the organic light-emitting units; The light enhancement layer, it is positioned on the top electrode; And upper substrate, it is positioned on the light enhancement layer; Wherein the refractive index of light enhancement layer is greater than the refractive index of upper substrate, and the refractive index of light enhancement layer is 2 to 3.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the organic light-emitting device section of structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the organic light-emitting device section of structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the organic light-emitting device section of structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is for relatively to scheme according to the luminous intensity of embodiments of the invention and comparative example; And
Fig. 5 is for relatively to scheme according to the luminous intensity of embodiments of the invention and comparative example.
Description of reference numerals
11 infrabasal plates, 13 bottom electrodes
15 organic light-emitting units, 17 top electrodes
19 protective layers, 21 upper substrates
23 smooth enhancement layer 25 organic separators
100 optical paths
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the organic luminescent device according to one embodiment of the present invention.The material that is applicable to infrabasal plate 11 of the present invention can be transparent glass or pliability material such as plastics, or silicon substrate materials such as (SOI) on opaque base material such as silicon substrate, sige substrate, the insulating barrier.
Then form bottom electrode 13 on infrabasal plate 11, the formation method can be sputtering method or physical vaporous deposition.In one embodiment of the invention, the material of bottom electrode 13 can be the alloy of reflective material such as Al, Ag or above-mentioned material.Thus, the light that sends of organic light-emitting units can be reflected and pass top electrode by bottom electrode 13.In another execution mode of the present invention, bottom electrode 13 is transparent material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium-zinc oxide (IZO) or aluminium zinc oxide transparent conductive oxides such as (AZO), and the alloy that an extra reflection layer (not shown) such as Al, Ag or above-mentioned material are arranged is located between bottom electrode 13 and the infrabasal plate 11, in order to reflect the light that organic light-emitting units sends.
Then form organic light-emitting units 15 on bottom electrode 13, the formation method can be vapour deposition method or spin-coating method.Be as good as according to organic light-emitting units of the present invention and general common organic light-emitting units, can be the simplest single layer structure, for example only luminescent layer is located between the upper/lower electrode, also can between luminescent layer and anode, press from both sides and establish hole transmission layer (HTL), and folder is established hole injection layer (HIL) between HTL and anode.On the other hand, can between luminescent layer and negative electrode, press from both sides and establish electron transfer layer (ETL), and folder is established electron injecting layer (EIL) between ETL and negative electrode.Be understandable that top electrode can be negative electrode or anode, and bottom electrode can be corresponding male or female.In another embodiment of the present invention, between luminescent layer and ETL, hole blocking layer (HBL) can be set further, in order to improve luminous efficiency.The color of organic light-emitting units 15 depends on the combination of alloy and material of main part in the luminescent layer.In one embodiment of the invention, the material of main part of luminescent layer is that metal complex is as three (8-hydroxy-quinoline base) aluminium complex (Alq
3), alloy is organic molecule such as ruddiness alloy 4-(dicyano the methylene)-2-tert-butyl group-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl julolidine-4-base-vinyl)-4H-pyrans (DCJTB); Green glow alloy 10-(2-[4-morpholinodithio base)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrochysene-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-1H, 5H, 11H-(1) chromene (6,7-8-I, j) quinolizine-11-ketone (C545T); Perhaps the blue light alloy is as 4,4 '-two (2,2 '-diphenylacetylene)-1,1 '-biphenyl (DPVBi) or spiral shell 4,4 '-two (2,2 '-diphenylacetylene)-1,1 '-biphenyl (spiro-DPVBi).On the other hand, the material of main part of luminescent layer can adopt organic molecule, comprise anthracene based compound such as 2-methyl-9,10-two (2-naphthyl) anthracene (MADN) or carbazole based compound are as 4,4 '-two (carbazole-9-yl) biphenyl (CBP), N, N '-two carbazyl-3,5-benzene (mCP) or three (carbazole-9-yl) benzene (tCP).This moment, corresponding alloy then was a metalic contamination, comprise iridium (Ir) complex compound that is applied to ruddiness such as two (1-phenyl isoquinolin quinoline) acetylacetone based iridium complex (PlQIr (acac)), two (2-phenylchinoline-N, C2) acetylacetone based iridium (III) complex compound (PQIr (acac)) or two (2-phenylchinoline-N, C2 ') acetylacetone based iridium (III) complex compounds (PQIr); Or platinum complex such as octaethyl porphines platinum complex (PtOEP).The iridium complex that is applied to green glow is as three [2-(2-pyridine radicals) phenyl-C, N]-iridium complex (Ir (ppy)
3).If will send white light, red light emitting layer, green light emitting layer or the blue light-emitting layer of suitable thickness can be formed laminated construction successively on bottom electrode 13.If will form full color display, then form red, blue, and the green pixel and with initiatively or passive drives of definition respectively with the luminescent layer of above-mentioned different colours.
Be applicable to that HIL of the present invention can be copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), 4,4 ', 4 "-three (aminomethyl phenyl-N-phenyl amino) triphenylamine (MTDATA) or similar composition.HTL can be N, N '-two (naphthalene-1-yl)-N, N '-two phenyl benzidine (NPB), N, N '-two-1-naphthyl-N, N '-diphenyl-1,1 '-xenyl-4,4 '-diamines (NPD), N, N '-diphenyl-N, N '-two (3-aminomethyl phenyl)-1,1 '-xenyl-4,4 '-diamines (TPD) or poly-(3,4-ethylidene dioxy thiophene) are (PEDOT).ETL can be two (10-hydroxy benzo [h] quinoline) beryllide (BeBq
2) or similar composition.EIL can be the BeBq that is doped with Li
2, and HBL can be 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP).
Then form top electrode 17 on organic light-emitting units 15, the formation method can be physical vapour deposition (PVD) or sputtering method.In one embodiment of the invention, the material of top electrode 17 is a refractive index less than 2 transparent conductive oxide such as ITO, IZO or AZO.
Form protective layer 19 afterwards on top electrode 17, the formation method can be chemical vapour deposition technique.Protective layer comprises refractive index less than 2 material such as silica, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride or aluminium oxide.Protective layer 19 can be single layer structure or the different sandwich construction of forming, and its role is to protect top electrode 17, organic light-emitting units 15 and bottom electrode 13 to avoid influence of moisture, thereby avoids influencing luminous efficiency.
Then provide transparency carrier such as glass or pliability material such as plastics as upper substrate 21, and form light enhancement layer 23 on upper substrate 21, the formation method can be chemical vapour deposition technique.It is 2 to 3 material such as ZnS, ZnSe, NaCl, TiO that light enhancement layer 23 comprises refractive index
2, Nb
2O
5, MgO, TiO or ZrO
2In another embodiment of the present invention, the material of light enhancement layer 23 can be dielectric material such as silica, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride or aluminium oxide, but its element is formed refractive index when and is different from the used dielectric material of protective layer 19.For instance; if protective layer 19 and light enhancement layer 23 all adopt silica; then the refractive index of the light enhancement layer 23 that forms with different sedimentary conditions is 2 to 3, and the refractive index of protective layer 19 is less than 2, and protective layer 19 and light enhancement layer 23 oxygen silicon proportion of composing difference between the two.If the refractive index of light enhancement layer 23 is greater than 3, then light transmission will descend significantly and reduce luminous intensity on the contrary.If the refractive index of light enhancement layer 23 is less than 2, then spectrum has significantly skew.
With organic separator 25 light enhancement layer 23 is bonded on the protective layer 19 at last, forms structure shown in Figure 1.In one embodiment of the invention, organic separator 25 is polymer such as epoxy resin, polyacrylate.The air that can avoid reducing luminous intensity via the step of organic separator 25 bonding upper and lower base plates residues in the optical path 100.
For organic luminescent device shown in Figure 1, the optical path 100 of the light that organic light-emitting units 15 is sent can pass top electrode 17, protective layer 19, organic separator 25, light enhancement layer 23, reach upper substrate 21.Compared with prior art, the light enhancement layer 23 according to high index of refraction of the present invention can improve luminous intensity effectively.Particularly light enhancement layer 23 is located in the luminous intensity that low-refraction lost that can remedy between upper substrate 21 and the organic separator 25 because of organic separator 25.
In one embodiment of the invention, the present invention also provides another kind of organic luminescent device, as shown in Figure 2.Form bottom electrode 13, organic light-emitting units 15 successively on infrabasal plate 11, reach top electrode 17, and form light enhancement layer 23 on upper substrate 21, its formation method and material are selected all identical with aforementioned embodiments, do not give unnecessary details at this.The upper substrate 21 that then will have light enhancement layer 23 is pressure bonded on the top electrode 17, forms structure shown in Figure 2.Compared to Figure 1, this execution mode does not have protective layer 19 and organic separator 25.But in the refractive index of light enhancement layer 23 refractive index greater than upper substrate 21, and the refractive index of light enhancement layer 23 is under 2 to 3 the situation, still can strengthen luminous intensity effectively.
In one embodiment of the invention, the present invention also provides another kind of organic luminescent device, as shown in Figure 3.Form bottom electrode 13, organic light-emitting units 15, top electrode 17, protective layer 19 successively on infrabasal plate 11, reach light enhancement layer 23, its formation method and material are selected all identical with aforementioned embodiments, do not give unnecessary details at this.Then upper substrate 21 is bonded on the light enhancement layer 23 with above-mentioned organic separator 25.Compared to Figure 1, the protective layer 19 of this execution mode and the location swap of organic separator 25 can also increase the flexibility of manufacture process except effective enhancing luminous intensity.
Via analysis of experimental data repeatedly, when organic luminescence unit emission wavelength is the blue light of 450nm to 480nm, the thickness of light enhancement layer 23 as shown in Equation 1:
T=(55-20 * (n-2.1))+(110-50 * (n-2.1)) * m (formula 1)
In formula 1, T is the thickness (nm) of light enhancement layer, and n is the refractive index of light enhancement layer, and variable and 0＜m≤100 of m for being drawn up by the experimental result curvilinear mold.
In addition, when organic luminescence unit emission wavelength is the green glow of 510nm to 540nm, the thickness of light enhancement layer 23 as shown in Equation 2:
T=(65-20 * (n-2.1))+(125-50 * (n-2.1)) * m (formula 2)
In formula 2, T is the thickness (nm) of this light enhancement layer, and n is the refractive index of light enhancement layer, and variable and 0＜m≤100 of m for being drawn up by the experimental result curvilinear mold.
When organic luminescence unit emission wavelength is the ruddiness of 590nm to 630nm, the thickness of light enhancement layer 23 as shown in Equation 3:
T=(25-20 * (n-2.1))+(100+60 * (n-2.1)) * m (formula 3)
In formula 3, T is the thickness (nm) of light enhancement layer, and n is the refractive index of light enhancement layer, and variable and 0＜m≤100 of m for being drawn up by the experimental result curvilinear mold.
When organic luminescence unit emission wavelength is the white light of 440nm to 660nm, the thickness of light enhancement layer 23 as shown in Equation 4:
T=100 * m+ (130-100 * (n-2.1)) * X (formula 4)
In formula 4, T is the thickness (nm) of light enhancement layer, and n is the refractive index of light enhancement layer, variable and 0＜m≤10 of m for being drawn up by the experimental result curvilinear mold, and variable and 0＜X≤100 of X for being drawn up by the experimental result curvilinear mold.
For above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent, hereinafter the spy enumerates embodiment and carries out following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1, the thickness of device and composed as follows shown in:
The glass substrate of infrabasal plate 11:0.6mm
The Ag of bottom electrode (anode) 13:100nm
Organic light-emitting units 15:
HIL:
MTDATA
HTL:
NPB
Luminescent layer: see Table 1
ETL:
BeBq
2
EIL:
BeBq
2, be doped with 2% Li
Top electrode (negative electrode) 17:ITO
The SiN of protective layer 19:400nm (refractive index is 1.9)
The ETP101 of organic separator 25:6 μ m is (available from Sekisui chemical Co., Ltd)
The ZnSe of light enhancement layer 23:150nm
The glass substrate of upper substrate 21:0.5mm
Driving voltage: 6V
Table 1
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is similar to Example 1, and difference only is that comparative example 1 does not have light enhancement layer 23.The luminous intensity of comparative example 1 as benchmark (100%), is compared with the embodiment of the light enhancement layer 23 with high index of refraction (2.0 to 2.7).Fig. 4 be ruddiness, blue light, and the organic light-emitting units of green glow use the effect that the light behind the light enhancement layer 23 of different refractivity strengthens.Fig. 5 is that the organic light-emitting units of white light is used the effect that the light behind the light enhancement layer 23 of different refractivity strengthens.As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, smooth enhancement layer 23 according to the present invention can improve the organic light-emitting device luminous intensity effectively.
Though disclose the present invention with some preferred implementations, yet it is not in order to restriction the present invention.Those skilled in the art can change and retouch under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention arbitrarily.Therefore protection scope of the present invention should be with being as the criterion that claims were defined.
Claims (10)
1. organic luminescent device comprises:
Infrabasal plate;
Bottom electrode, it is positioned on this infrabasal plate;
Organic light-emitting units, it is positioned on this bottom electrode;
Top electrode, it is positioned on this organic light-emitting units;
The light enhancement layer, it is positioned on this top electrode; And
Upper substrate, it is positioned on this light enhancement layer;
Wherein the refractive index of this light enhancement layer is greater than the refractive index of this upper substrate, and the refractive index of this light enhancement layer is 2 to 3.
2. the described organic luminescent device of claim 1, wherein the material of this bottom electrode is a reflective material, comprises the alloy of Ag, Al or above-mentioned material; This organic light-emitting units comprises hole injection layer, hole transmission layer, luminescent layer, electron transfer layer and electron injecting layer.
3. the described organic luminescent device of claim 1, wherein this light enhancement layer comprises ZnS, ZnSe, NaCl, TiO
2, Nb
2O
5, MgO, TiO, ZrO
2, silica, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride or aluminium oxide.
4. the described organic luminescent device of claim 1, it also comprises the protective layer that is positioned on this top electrode; And
Organic separator between this protective layer and this light enhancement layer;
Wherein the refractive index of this light enhancement layer is greater than the refractive index of this protective layer.
5. the described organic luminescent device of claim 4, wherein the refractive index of this protective layer is less than 2, and this protective layer comprises silica, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride or aluminium oxide, and this organic separator comprises epoxy resin or polyacrylate.
6. the described organic luminescent device of claim 1, it also comprises the protective layer between this top electrode and this light enhancement layer; And
Organic separator between this light enhancement layer and this upper substrate;
Wherein the refractive index of this light enhancement layer is greater than the refractive index of this protective layer.
7. the described organic luminescent device of claim 1, this organic light-emitting units emission wavelength blue light that is 450nm to 480nm wherein, and the thickness of this light enhancement layer calculates by following formula:
T＝(55-20×(n-2.1))+(110-50×(n-2.1))×m
Wherein T is the thickness (nm) of this light enhancement layer;
N is the refractive index of this light enhancement layer; And
0＜m≤l?00。
8. the described organic luminescent device of claim 1, this organic light-emitting units emission wavelength green glow that is 510nm to 540nm wherein, and the thickness of this light enhancement layer calculates by following formula:
T＝(65-20×(n-2.1))+(125-50×(n-2.1))×m
Wherein T is the thickness (nm) of this light enhancement layer;
N is the refractive index of this light enhancement layer; And
0＜m≤100。
9. the described organic luminescent device of claim 1, this organic light-emitting units emission wavelength ruddiness that is 590nm to 630nm wherein, and the thickness of this light enhancement layer calculates by following formula:
T＝(25-20×(n-2.1))+(100+60×(n-2.1))×m
Wherein T is the thickness (nm) of this light enhancement layer;
N is the refractive index of this light enhancement layer; And
0＜m≤100。
10. the described organic luminescent device of claim 1, this organic light-emitting units emission wavelength white light that is 440nm to 660nm wherein, and the thickness of this light enhancement layer calculates by following formula:
T＝100×m+(130-100×(n-2.1))×X
Wherein T is the thickness (nm) of this light enhancement layer;
N is the refractive index of this light enhancement layer;
0＜m≤10; And
0＜X≤100。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017049535A1 (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-03-30 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Organic light-emitting display device |
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