CN101891543B - Method for preparing granular compound fertilizer - Google Patents
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- CN101891543B CN101891543B CN2010102294340A CN201010229434A CN101891543B CN 101891543 B CN101891543 B CN 101891543B CN 2010102294340 A CN2010102294340 A CN 2010102294340A CN 201010229434 A CN201010229434 A CN 201010229434A CN 101891543 B CN101891543 B CN 101891543B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a granular compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps of: rotating a disc granulator under the action of atomized water to wrap a mixture of attapulgite clay, urea and monopotassium phosphate on the outer layers of urea granules; adding sodium alginate powder into the disc granulator, rotating a disc to wrap the sodium alginate on the outer layer of the core of the fertilizer, spraying 5 percent aqueous solution of calcium chloride to perform cross linking with the sodium alginate, and taking the cross-linked sodium alginate as fertilizer inner layer envelopes; adding water-absorbing resin powder into the disc granulator, and rotating the disc to wrap the water-absorbing resin outside the fertilizer granules to form fertilizer outer layer envelopes; and drying the mixture to obtain the granular fertilizer. The granular compound fertilizer provides multiple nutrient elements for plants, and improves the sustained-release performance of the nutrient elements of the fertilizer. Meanwhile, the granular compound fertilizer has multiple functions of water absorption and retention, sustained release, soil regulation and the like through the combination of the fertilizer and the water-absorbing resin.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural slow release fertilizer, relate to the synthetic of fertilizer complete processing and novel material.
Background technology
China is a large agricultural country, and agricultural is the basis of national economy.And relevant chemical fertilizer industry and water resources are utilized the especially important substance basis of modern agricultural production and development therewith.But China's chemical fertilizer utilization ratio only is 30-35% generally for a long time, and low utilization rate of fertilizer has not only caused huge financial loss, but also can cause serious environmental pollution.On the other hand, drought and water shortage also is the important factor of restriction China's agricultural development.Arid and semi-arid area is lack of water throughout the year, and rainwater most ofly ran off or evaporated rainy season, and irrigation water is often thereby loss former because of evaporation or infiltration etc. also, is not fully utilized.Therefore, slow release fertilizer technology and agricultural water-loss reducer (water-absorbing resin) are combined to improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer and water, provide an effective way for addressing this problem.
At present, the slow release fertilizer of development is mainly coating/coated both at home and abroad, and wherein enveloped slow release fertilizer is in fertiliser granulates surface-coated high molecular polymer or inorganic materials.But because the complicated process of preparation of high polymer film-coated type slow release fertilizer, the cost of coated fertilizer is higher, so the actual output of this kind fertilizer is not high.It is core that coated slow releasing fertilizer adopts the granular fertilizers such as urea more, and the powderies such as phosphate fertilizer fertilizer is sheating material, and by plain disk or drum granulating production, technique is simple, and the fertilizer price is lower, but often slow release effect is not ideal enough.
Water-absorbing resin is a kind of hydrophilic polymer with three-dimensional net structure, and it can absorb a large amount of water within a short period of time, and the moisture of its absorption also can keep under pressurized conditions.Because its premium properties, water-absorbing resin has been successfully applied to agriculture field.Polyacrylate series water-absorbing resin is a topmost series products in the market, but because its refractory organics, use rear easily in soil accumulation cause secondary pollution, limited to a great extent its application.
Attapulgite clay is a kind of zeopan inorganic mineral material of chain layer structure, and is abundant at China's reserves, cheap, because its unique crystalline structure and performance, can improve the physical properties of soil, can increase its water-retentivity to sandy soil, soil can increase its water-permeable to hardening.Secondly, owing to itself contain the required various nutrient elements K of crop, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn etc., thus itself can be used as Fertilizer application, and then the performance fertilizer efficiency.In addition, because attapulgite clay has one dimension Nano structure, surface-area is very large, and adsorptive power is very strong.With after fertilizer mixes, fertilizer nutrient is slowly discharged it, improve fertilizer efficiency, reduce the loss of available fertilizer.Chinese patent literature CN 1380374A directly mixes as fertilizer sources with attapulgite with urea.But the conventional components such as this fertilizer is not phosphorous, potassium, fertility is limited, and is not granular fertilizer, uses also to be subject to larger restriction.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned, the advantage that the present invention is intended to comprehensive inorganic mineral material, natural product and some hydrophilic high molecular polymers prepares a kind of particulate state multilayer coated compound fertilizer and improves granulation of fertilizer technique.This particulate state fertilizer comprises the various nutrient elements that plants needs.Simultaneously, the multilayer coating by attapulgite clay, sodium alginate and water-absorbing resin make it to have water-absorbing-retaining, the several functions such as slowly-releasing, soil conditioning.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A. in granulating disc, put into the urea granules that diameter is 1-2mm, spray into atomized water with the urea granules moistened surface after, the attapulgite clay, urea and the potassium primary phosphate powder that mix are partly added in the disk, and rotary disk is wrapped in the urea granules surface with mix powder; Again with atomized water that particle surface is wetting, and add mix powder, it is wrapped in particle surface; So repeated multiple times, the mix powder of whole attapulgite clay, urea and potassium primary phosphate is wrapped in the urea granules skin, obtain the fertilizer kernel.
B. sodium alginate powder is joined in the granulating disc, rotary disk makes sodium alginate be wrapped in the fertilizer kernel outer, and spraying into concentration, to be that 5% calcium chloride water carries out sodium alginate crosslinked, the sodium alginate as fertilizer sources internal layer coating after crosslinked.
C. water-absorbent resin powder is joined in the granulating disc, rotary disk makes water-absorbent resin powder be wrapped in the fertiliser granulates skin, the outer coating of as fertilizer sources.
D.. after the fertiliser granulates drying that coating is finished, obtain the granulated fertilizer that particle diameter is 2.5-3.5mm, be finished product.
The finished product outward appearance is black, and ultimate compression strength is 21.6-28.4N.
The present invention compares with domestic and international other composite fertilizer, and its outstanding feature is:
1. attapulgite clay is as the binding agent in the granulation process, can Effective Raise fertilizer granulating rate; Attapulgite clay itself contains various nutrient elements K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, the Mn etc. that plants needs, and can improve fertilizer efficiency; Because the porous crystal structure of Attapulgite can carry out active adsorption to fertilizer, thereby slow down the release of nutritive element.
2. the water-absorbing resin that is synthesized has certain degradation property, and water absorbent rate is high, can inhale tap water under the normal pressure heavy 200 times for self.The adding of humic acids had both improved the water-retaining capacity of water-absorbing resin, can be used as again a kind of fertilizer and slowly discharged.The adding of sodium alginate has improved the degradation property of this water-absorbing resin.Measure water-absorbing resin use before and after the variation of soil pH value, the result shows, this water-absorbing resin can be with pH value the soil of 3-10 effectively to be adjusted to the pH value be about 6.5, show that this water-absorbing resin can be used as a kind of soil conditioner.This owing to contain in this water-absorbing resin structure a large amount of-COOH and-COO
-Group ,-COOH can with alkaline soil in OH
-Reaction ,-COO
-Can with acid soil in H
+Reaction, thus play shock absorption.
3. the elemental analyser measurement result shows, nitrogen phosphorus potassium total content is about 30% in this fertilizer sample, and slow-release time can reach more than one month.
4. this product physical strength is high, and deliquescence does not transport and uses conveniently.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is technical process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the fertilizer sample of example 1 under the room temperature is the release profiles of 20% Nitrogen In Soils (a), potassium (b), phosphorus (c) in soil humidity.
Embodiment
Below, again technical scheme of the present invention being further described by embodiment, the umber of embodiment is parts by weight.
Embodiment 1:
A. the preparation of water-absorbing resin
3 parts of sodium alginates are joined in the reactor, after adding 200 parts of dissolved in distilled water, add 26.7 parts of vinylformic acid, adding 10.4 parts of sodium hydroxide neutralizes again, then add successively 13.3 parts of acrylamides, 4 parts of humic acidss, 0.4 part of ammonium persulphate, 0.024 part of N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide is after stirring, be warming up to 75 ℃, reacted 3 hours.After reaction finishes, with product oven dry, pulverizing, cross 110 mesh sieves, get water-absorbing resin, for subsequent use.
B. the preparation of granular compound fertilizer
I. 70 parts of attapulgite clay, 50 parts of urea and 50 parts of potassium primary phosphates are pulverized, crossed 150 mesh sieves, mix.
Ii. in granulating disc (Yingyang City, Henan Province study on construction institute, model LZ25) the inner urea granules that to put into 30 parts of diameters be 1-2mm, spray into atomized water with the urea granules moistened surface after, partly add the attapulgite clay, urea and the potassium primary phosphate powder that mix in the disk, rotary disk is wrapped in the urea granules surface with mix powder; Again spray into atomized water particle surface is wetting, and add mix powder, it is wrapped in particle surface; 8 times so repeatedly, the mix powder of whole attapulgite clay, urea and potassium primary phosphate is wrapped in the urea granules skin, obtain the fertilizer kernel.
Iii. the sodium alginate powder with 10 parts of mistake 110 mesh sieves joins the coating that rolls in the granulating disc; make sodium alginate be wrapped in the fertilizer kernel outer; and spray into concentration and be 5% calcium chloride water sodium alginate is carried out crosslinked, the sodium alginate as fertilizer sources internal layer coating after crosslinked.
Iv. at last 15 parts of water-absorbent resin powders that prepare are joined the coating that rolls in the disk, make water-absorbent resin powder be wrapped in the fertiliser granulates skin, the outer coating of as fertilizer sources.Then room temperature is dried, and namely obtaining particle diameter is the granulated fertilizer finished product of 2.5-3.5mm.
The content of granulated fertilizer finished product internal layer coating sodium alginate is 6%, and the consumption of calcium chloride water is 12% of sodium alginate consumption, and the content of outer coating water-absorbing resin is 11%.Ultimate compression strength is 26.5N.
What Fig. 2 showed is that this sample is 20% in soil humidity, the slow release effect curve under the room temperature condition.As shown in the figure, Nitrogen release is very fast in the sample, and discharging percentage ratio in 5 days is 92.6%.This is because the solubleness of urea is larger, and is difficult for being adsorbed by charged water-absorbing resin and attapulgite clay as a kind of neutral organic molecule.But with the common urea Particle Phase than (in 12 hours discharge surpass 98%), the slow-releasing of nitrogen still has certain improvement in this sample.The release of phosphorus and potassium is slower, has discharged respectively 81% and 91% in 30 days, has effectively prolonged the release period of fertilizer, more is conducive to the absorption of crop.
Embodiment 2: the working condition of water-absorbing resin is with embodiment 1.60 parts of attapulgite clay, 60 parts of urea and 70 parts of potassium primary phosphates are pulverized, cross 150 mesh sieves, join after mixing minutes for 9 times and be placed with 40 parts of particle diameters in the disk of the granular urea that is 1-2mm, under the effect of atomized water, wrap up, make the powder wrapped that mixes on the granular urea surface.Then with the sodium alginate powder of 15 parts of mistake 110 mesh sieves, join the coating that rolls in the disk, spray into 5% calcium chloride water after coating is finished.With 20 parts of water-absorbent resin powders that prepare, cross 110 mesh sieves at last, add the coating that rolls in the disk, dry, namely obtaining particle diameter is the granulated fertilizer finished product of 2.5-3.5mm.The content of this finished product internal layer coating sodium alginate is 9%, and the consumption of calcium chloride water is 14% of sodium alginate consumption, and the content of outer coating water-absorbing resin is 13%.Sample ultimate compression strength is 24.5N.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation method of a granular compound fertilizer is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
A. in granulating disc, put into the urea granules that diameter is 1-2mm, spray into atomized water with the urea granules moistened surface after, the attapulgite clay, urea and the potassium primary phosphate powder that mix are partly added in the disk, and rotary disk is wrapped in the urea granules surface with mix powder; Again with atomized water that particle surface is wetting, and add mix powder, it is wrapped in particle surface; So repeated multiple times, the mix powder of whole attapulgite clay, urea and potassium primary phosphate is wrapped in the urea granules skin, obtain the fertilizer kernel;
B. sodium alginate powder is joined in the granulating disc, rotary disk makes sodium alginate be wrapped in the fertilizer kernel outer, and spraying into concentration, to be that 5% calcium chloride water carries out sodium alginate crosslinked, the sodium alginate as fertilizer sources internal layer coating after crosslinked;
C. water-absorbent resin powder is joined in the granulating disc, rotary disk makes water-absorbent resin powder be wrapped in the fertiliser granulates skin, the outer coating of as fertilizer sources;
D. after the fertiliser granulates finished of coating dries, obtain the granulated fertilizer that particle diameter is 2.5-3.5mm, be finished product.
2. a kind of granular compound fertilizer of obtaining of preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described fertilizer internal layer coating is the crosslinked sodium alginate internal layer coating of 5% calcium chloride water, the content of sodium alginate is 3%-10%, and the consumption of calcium chloride water is the 10%-15% of sodium alginate consumption.
3. a kind of granular compound fertilizer that obtains of preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the outer coating of described fertilizer is water-absorbent resin powder, and its content is 8%-20%.
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| CN101891543B true CN101891543B (en) | 2013-05-01 |
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Effective date of registration: 20180208 Address after: 730000 Hongxing lane, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, No. 44 Patentee after: Gansu hairuida Environmental Technology Co. Ltd. Address before: 730000 Gansu Province Chengguan District of Lanzhou city of Tianshui Road No. 222 Patentee before: Lanzhou University |
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Denomination of invention: A preparation method of granular compound fertilizer Effective date of registration: 20220218 Granted publication date: 20130501 Pledgee: Lanzhou Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Qilihe sub branch Pledgor: GANSU HAIRUIDA ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2022620000003 |