CN101887650A - General music notation for positioning scales and notes together - Google Patents
General music notation for positioning scales and notes together Download PDFInfo
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- CN101887650A CN101887650A CN2009100686034A CN200910068603A CN101887650A CN 101887650 A CN101887650 A CN 101887650A CN 2009100686034 A CN2009100686034 A CN 2009100686034A CN 200910068603 A CN200910068603 A CN 200910068603A CN 101887650 A CN101887650 A CN 101887650A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a music notation for positioning scales and notes together, in particular to a digital one-line score for replacing the international general staff. Therefore, sight-singing and pitch recognizing loads are lightened by thousands of times and pupils can read through symphony scores after learning for one year. A 6-digit black and white coordinative 12-sound level seed staff consists of a long line and two short lines, and seven scales are flexibly combined with 12 notes, so that music within the upper limit of hearing and the lower limit of hearing of a person can be recorded by a simplest method. Number sequences, such as a sound group, a pitch, the number of beats, a beat value, a sound level, a sound value, a pause value, a cent value and the like are programmed and beating is performed by pressing number keys, so that the efficiency is improved by about 30 times and the music notation is expected to realize the dream of synchronizing beating and keyboard playing.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to general " music notation " of a kind of " newly quantizing system ".
Background technology
Present general " music notation " of country variant, different regions, different nationalities, different crowd, different musical instrument and different voice in the world, from the data situation of having collected: kind surplus having 140 approximately, the invention scheme that is not used has 500 remainders approximately; In China, from ancient times to the present, kind surplus " music notation " that once was used has 70 approximately, the invention scheme that is not used has 30 remainders approximately.
System spectral method and structural property analysis from above-mentioned known these general " music notations " are broadly divided into following three types:
(1) " with the location, rank " system spectrometry.
" with the location, rank " system spectrometry belongs to " system of changing voice ".
In the design of the shared phoneme of note, over thousands of years, music score inventor of all times is nearly all fettered by the thinking set of " with the location, rank ".This is because the cause of mode music dominate." the palace merchant's word spectrum " just used as: China's The Spring and Autumn Period is " with location, five rank " system spectrum: it is defined as " standard pronunciation " to palace, merchant, angle, note of the ancient Chinese, plumage five-tone scale, and remaining clear angle, a note of the ancient Chinese seven-tone scale, intercalation a, note of the ancient Chinese seven-tone scale etc. are decided to be " inclined to one side sound "; And for example: " staff " and " numbered musical notation " is decided to be " basic sound level " to the heptachord of a sound group.All the other five notes of traditional Chinese music are decided to be " variation sound level ".The use of mark owing to change voice, and then make " basic sound level " also become " variation sound level " sometimes.
(2) " with the rule location " system spectrometry.
" with the rule location " system spectrometry belongs to " dodecyl sound system ".Person is also arranged: " semitone system ".
" with the rule location " system spectrum person is to select " twelve kinds of temperament " to be foundation positioning spectrum from multiple rule system.As: " series of 12 bamboo pitch word spectrum " of Ancient Times in China is with " 12 unequal rule " system spectrum; Closely, modern many line spectrum reformers' twelve-tone row design system spectrum person, be foundation how with " twelve-tone equal temperament ".This music score has solved the circulation note spectrum problem with the different accent twelve-tone row of mediation, is applicable to modernist's music such as twelve tone system and serialism; But numerous because of the line multidigit, stave is excessive, and musical alphabet, roll call increase, and interval and chordal distance drawback such as broaden is given birth to new loaded down with trivial detailsly again, not too is suitable for the mode music application.Though build a cover independent system, be equipped with complete theory, still owe perfect.Relatively be typically " nine line spectrums " of Mr. Zhao Dezhen of Liaoning chorus initiative.
(3) " rank, rule merge the location " system spectrometry.
" rank, rule merge the location " system spectrometry belongs to " newly quantizing system ".
With " seven rank " join " twelve kinds of temperament " in conjunction with the system spectrum person, see at present except that " this musical notation ", three schemes are still arranged:
1, " staff " of (Japan) ridge Tian Jingfu, it is that the twelve-tone of black and white coordination symbol is implanted among six of staff, the has three-wayly just become the C phoneme of two groups of small characters.Like this, can hold two sound groups in the staff table.
2, Mr.'s Sun Xincai of Taibei symphony orchestra " four line spectrums ", be with " staff " the three-wayly become interim short-term, the twelve-tone symbol of black and white coordination is implanted in the one short two long six phonemes spectrum stacked crying " four line spectrums ".Also incorrect in fact.If continue circulation up or down, three sound groups are exactly " six line spectrums ", and four sound groups have been exactly " eight line spectrums ".
3, " " surpass " remembers Spectrum method Equiton The The め (Japan) " its structure that occurred in 2008 with on August 17th, 2003 structure of avowed " line spectrum " (predecessor of " the present invention ") in Tianjin TV station " the seventh heaven " program the same substantially.It is that the twelve-tone symbol of black and white coordination is implanted in the six phonemes spectrum of unexpected misfortune.But because each sound group C line solidifies side by side, there is not the theory follow-up of architectonical again, also inadequate.
More than three kinds " rank, rule merge with location " system spectral methods, though on the basis that " locating with rule " gets the mastery, overcome that the line multidigit is numerous, stave is excessive, musical alphabet, roll call increase, deficiencies such as interval and chordal distance broaden, but understand not thoroughly because of the intension in the deep layer field of " seven rank " being joined " twelve kinds of temperament ", cause the drawback of " tangible being not intended to "; Because of composing this seed of trouble of the same leaving " clef ", just become " dead (fixing) spectrum " again with " with the location, rank " noted earlier, " with the rule location " system.Especially all fettered by those assorted prefaces, unordered method of thinking, be absorbed in " old quantification system " and can not extricate oneself.
More than 200 countries in the world just " staffs " in widely used surely belonging at present.It is the outstanding person in " with the location, rank " system spectrometry before 300 years, because it has the not available many advantages such as directly perceived, accurate, perfect of other music notation at that time, progressively accumulated the theory of a whole set of architectonical, note countless music elaboration, for having collected valuable music wealth later age; On Universal History of Music, bring up numerous great masters and famous expert, promoted the progress and the development of western music.Just because of this, numerous musicians are absorbed among the constraint of thinking set; Blured it has been familiar with objectively; Desalinated its intrinsic defective; Ignored its all drawback in music practice; Ignored its difficulty universal to music and that raising brings.Even become action by government, list the legal content of courses blindly in and fail.
One, the stave of staff, phoneme and sound level
(1) stave:
Because the scope in the staff range of sound that various little stave writes down is limited to, and causes the various of stave.Commonly used have " trble staff ", writes down one group of above sound of small character more; " bass staff " writes down one group of following sound of small character more; " alto staff " and " tenor staff " writes down the music score that alto or bass are played usefulness more.Except that above four kinds, also have ten kinds of C staves etc.Except that little stave, also has great stave (combining) by trble staff, bass staff; The associating stave (promptly connect stave, by multiple little stave or in addition great stave combine); Total stave (by how happy organize company's stave of usefulness or add great stave combine) etc.
Above stave respectively is that it is used, is difficult to link up.Much less be general sight-reading person, even national high-caliber concert performer, (except that commander) also is difficult to reach reading over of multispectral table.
(2) phoneme:
Phoneme in the staff changes then very complicated, can reduce following five features:
1, different height of the same name: seven rank of C natural major or a antural minor take all phonemes of staff, and all the other all " have sound not have the position ", have to add with liter (#) on seven rank respectively, heavily rise (*), fall (b), heavily fall (bb), reduce
Represent Deng the mark of changing voice.Its sound is of the same name different high.
2, with the different spectrums of key:: staff is the corresponding spectrum of remembering with 52 white keys on the piano, and the key position of each sound group sound of the same name on piano is all identical, but the phoneme on the stave of staff is all different.Cause the contradiction between qin, the spectrum.
3, with height coordination not: the phase unisonance on the different staves of staff, recording mode also has nothing in common with each other.Such as: the e that small character is a group
1(being roll call mi) remembered on first line at trble staff; Then remember last in bass staff and to add on second line; Then remember on the 4th line at alto staff; Then remember on the 5th line at tenor staff, also have nothing in common with each other at phoneme that other various stave is remembered.So in fact, on the multispectral table of staff, not 52 phonemes just, only commonly used counting, that has been exactly 52 * 4=208 different phonemes.
4, coordination is different high: the note on the same phoneme of various staves, because the notation difference, the height of sound can be not the same yet.As: the simple note of note on trble staff second line is c major " sol "; If add one " # " number in the note upper left corner, just expression is than simple note " sol " high semitone; If add one " b " number, just expression is than simple note " sol " flat; If add " * " number, the expression whole tone that raises; If add " bb " number, expression reduces a whole tone.So, on the same phoneme on second line of trble staff, can write down the sound of five differing heights, this just is called " coordination is different high ".What that youngest can write down has been exactly 208 phoneme * 5=1040 pitches.
5, not of the same name with height: on several staves commonly used, even the identical sound of pitch, but can remember on different phonemes.Thereupon, the roll call of sound is also just different.As: the note simple note on trble staff the is three-way, be " si " of c major, it and note add the note of " b " number the 3rd of trble staff " do " and note add the note " la " of " * " number second of trble staff.Though, be three phonemes, on piano same key, sound equipment is with high, and this just is called " with height coordination not, but also not of the same name ".
From five kinds " note dislocation feature " more than the staff, only write down the sound of 88 keys on the piano with a kind of stave, with regard to handy (35 musical alphabet * 7 sound groups)+(3 musical alphabet * 4 sounds)==257 phonemes, if write down the sound of this 88 key on the piano with above-mentioned four kinds of staves, with regard to handy 257 * 4==1028 phoneme
What this only said is the phoneme number of using with C natural major "fixed do" system, if transfer (do flows) sol-fa with head, the phoneme number that its 12 differences are heightened then must multiply by 12, i.e. 1028 * 12==12336 phoneme.Here, we are (its degree-of-difficulty factor degree is not calculated) from phoneme number angle calculation.
(3) sound level:
Sound level in staff is derived from " rank ", and " name " is " degree ", and class interval " amount 1 " is " a whole sound number "." sound number " has integer, mark and three kinds of forms of mixed number again, and inconvenience is calculated.On each phoneme, because the adding of changing voice can have five sound levels.Because of having changeable complicacy between phoneme and the sound level, make to exist complicated inconsistent phenomenon between pitch (sound equipment) and the sound level (phoneme) again.
Two, the musical alphabet of staff and roll call
(1) musical alphabet
In " staff ", basic musical alphabet has seven, changes 28 of musical alphabets, adds up totally 35.Often dislocation and inconsistent such as phoneme, note, musical alphabet and sound equipment, so complicated and changeable, seem especially loaded down with trivial details.These fundamental tones and changing voice because place sound group difference not only has the branch of large and small letter, and have the branch of " in order and unordered " again,
The musical alphabet system of Britain is to determine on seven basic musical alphabet bases at international uniform, and in addition again other five musical alphabets, continuation is down sorted by English alphabet and is: I, J, K, L, H etc.And it is added in seven basic sound levels at interval.It is 12 musical alphabet series arrangement: C, I, D, J, E, F, K, G, L, A, H, B etc.
(2) roll call
Seven roll calls that present world most countries is used are spelt with the Italian lowercase, no matter are "fixed do" systems, or "movable do" system, all sing: do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si.(Great Britain and America country sings " si ": " ti ".) for variation sound, the roll call of "fixed do" system, then the variation with musical alphabet changes.As:
#G sings into sol (sweeping) by musical alphabet G, but the height of sound is than the high semitone of G;
bA sings into la (drawing) by musical alphabet A, but the height of sound is than A flat.In fact
#G and
bThese two sounds of A with high, are same key on keyboard instrument in twelve-tone equal temperament.Just in the staff musical notation, the note note on two different phonemes; This contradictory phenomena is because roll call with the correspondingly frequently dislocation of 35 musical alphabets, also becomes loaded down with trivial details and complicated.See the following form:
12 of Italy's system roll calls correspond to the twelve-tone name of system made in Great Britain: Do (pocket), Tai (platform), Re (), Mei (rose), Mi (rice), Fa (sending out), Fei (flying), Sol (receipts), Sei (plug), La (drawing), Li (lining), Si (west).
Though, English (musical alphabet) meaning (roll call) system, the trouble that the mark of having avoided changing voice brings owing to be ten secondary sounds with seven grades of changes of tune, has increased some strange musical alphabet and roll calls, makes the people feel some complexity.Be not widely used.
Three, sound group, the range of sound, range and the clef of staff
(1) sound group:
The sound group of staff is divided, and is corresponding consistent with the conventional steel piano key board, and what have has sequence number, a unnumbered that has.
From what central authorities " C " order hoisted arrangement be: one group of small character, two groups of small characters, three groups of small characters, four groups of small characters, five groups of (c of small character
5Sound) etc.; From central authorities " C " order be: small character group, big word group, one group of big word, big two groups of (A of word to what lower was arranged
2,
bB
2, B
2Three sounds); This changeable and irregular arrangement lacks logicality, causes artificial trouble.
(2) range of sound:
In total range of " staff ", be divided into three ranges of sound.Bottom three sound groups are " bass area "; Middle three sound groups are " middle register "; Topmost three sound groups are " treble ".
(3) range: in " staff ", be 88 keys with seven white five black intervals orderings on " conventional keyboard " piano, total range of determining as corresponding reference.General study of law man thinks: the frequency of human auditory system, lowest limit to upper limit (UL) is 16-20000HZ approximately.Note spectrum range can expand to: " C
2" (16.35HZ)-"
#d
7" (19912.32HZ).[seeing Fig. 1]
(4) clef: the symbol of indicating the stave height is " clef ".
In staff, " clef " has multiple, and commonly used has four kinds.[seeing Fig. 2]
Four, heighten, tone mark, scale
(1) heighten, tone mark:
1, the literary style of tone mark
In the big naturally ditty of staff, except that heightening of c major (a ditty) do not have the ascending, descending mark, how many other each accent is then determined to heighten with the ascending, descending mark.So there are seven liters, seven to fall saying of tone mark.[seeing Fig. 3]
Like this, have the antural minor of 15 natural majors and 15 correspondences.It is to wait tone that three pairs of youngster's ditties of three pairs of big mediations of youngster are wherein arranged.As:
Because three flat ditties of the big mediation of these three flats often abandon need not, so remaining 12 have been in harmonious proportion 12 ditties greatly.Because rising flat what being different of various accent, only with regard to trble staff, just give and seek positioning, determine to heighten and result in hand cramps.If use bass staff, alto staff and tenor staff [seeing Fig. 4] and ten kinds of C staves to write down that is just more loaded down with trivial details again.
2, the identification of tone mark
1. rise the identification of kind of tone mark: because four kinds of each sharps of staves last rises mark in transferring, the VII level sound on this big tuning rank always, up several minor second are exactly this keynote of accent greatly.
2. fall the identification of kind of tone mark: because mark falls in last of four kinds of each accent of stave, all be the IV level sound on the big tuning of this stave rank, so down several more respectively pure four degree, (or up several pure five degree) just can find the keynote of this big accent.Two or more fall the tone mark of mark, can find out the position that mark falls in penult with easy method, just can know the keynote of this big accent.
3, temporarily the change voice utilization of mark:
In staff,,, can not simply copy mechanically so use when changing voice mark temporarily owing to have the lifting mark in the tone mark.In rising the kind tone mark, just raise by the mark that rises in the tone mark if certain sound level is original, in the time of will raising semitone so again, just answer mark heavily to rise mark " * "; If the reduction semitone is just answered mark reduction mark
If heavily the sound of Shenging need revert to the height of original sound level, will use
Remember and write.
In falling kind of tone mark, just reduced by the mark that falls in the tone mark if the sound level of certain scale is original, in the time of will reducing semitone so again, just answer mark heavily to fall mark
If the rising semitone is just answered mark reduction mark
If the sound that heavily falls need revert to the height of original sound level, will use
Remember and write.[seeing Fig. 5]
(2) scale:
In staff, because in the scale of 12 natural majors, how much the differing of contained ascending, descending number, when reading to compose, open the scoring distinguishes which phoneme the lifting mark in the tone mark all accounts for, and fixedly sightsinging will be remembered to rise flat position and roll call, and adjustment pitch frequently; First accommodation is sung phoneme and the ascending, descending height that will be familiar with each continuous conversion in each tuning rank.Irregular following, difficulty is very big.[seeing Fig. 6]
No matter be the natural major heptachord that writes down in the tone mark mode, the still natural major heptachord that writes down in the temporary up-down mode, and with the natural major heptachord that traditional piano seven white five black key dishes are a sound group, all be unordered governed.
Five, note, rest
(1) note:
In the note of staff, whole tone is divided into four parts, every part is 1/4 of whole tone, is known as 4 dieresis, this was just imprecise originally, again it was decided to be " 1 " and clapped.Like this, the duration numeral just contradicts with beat numerical value notion.Thinking is extended to merits and demerits respectively thus: its various single symbol titles and shape, contradiction is just more remarkable.
In the note of staff, have many variation sound of changing voice mark and bringing, variant interval, etc. sound, etc. tone, enharmonic intervals, etc. a series of title and structures such as chord, cause many loaded down with trivial details and dislocation artificially:
1, coordination is of the same name different high.As: add under the trble staff that coexists " C " on the line, "
#C " with "
bC ", not only " coordination " but also " of the same name ", the sound equipment height on piano is different, so " different high " of speech;
2, with height different pictures not of the same name: as: " C ", "
#B " with "
BbD ", the sound equipment on piano is a sustained height, so " with high " of speech, and be same key; Musical alphabet and roll call are inequality, so " not of the same name " of speech; The position of the note that writes down is also different on stave, so caused " different picture ".
3, with the different journeys of distance.As: C-E and C-
bF, C-
*D and
#B-E,
BbD-E also has
#B-
bF,
#B-
*D,
BbD-
bF,
BbD-
*D or the like, the contained sound number of its interval are " 2 " with " major third " acoustics on the piano is consistent, so " with apart from " of speech; But it is just different with title to write down the interval implication on staff.What have is major third, and crying of having subtracts four degree, and what have cries a times augmented second, and what have is a times diminished fifth.Also have and most typically be
BbD-
*D will remember on same phoneme, once can cry doubly multiplication.
(2) rest:
The digital title of rest duration is fully corresponding consistent with the digital title of note duration.They all have the inconsistent phenomenon on the digital concept, not only recognize read, remember very difficult, and in theory, also very chaotic.
(3) time signature:
" time signature " in the staff is to make molecule with the umber of beats in the trifle, makes denominator with the note duration length numeral of dislocation, write as fractional form.Just because of this, the normal wrong mathematical concept with custom of people is read beat.
Six, musical note and cent
An octave of twelve-tone equal temperament is divided into 1200 parts, and 100 are the value of semitone, and every part is called as " a cent value ".Nowadays be extensive use of internationally.Can calculate the interval height of other various rule systems with this.But so far in the world, but there is not the accurate note spectrum problem that a kind of music notation can solve different rule system pitches.Staff is like this too.Because it is corresponding substantially with traditional twelve-tone equal temperament piano, and to the differential sound in folk song, Chinese folk art forms, the local opera music, the accurate pitch of the pure rule of some musical instrument and five tone cadence temperament in the large-scale band is but felt simply helpless, and have to come record with fuzzy sound.As: in China's national music, common slightly high " clear angle sound " and lower slightly " note of the ancient Chinese seven-tone scale sound " are called neutral sound.In " staff " and " numbered musical notation ", all, remember " ↑ f " faintly with the musical alphabet of the neutral sound between the e-g; Again a-c
1Between the musical alphabet of neutral sound, remember " ↓ b " faintly.In the face of the different pitches and the various differential sound interval of other various different rule systems, powerless especially.
Seven, interval:
(1) notion of interval
In staff, interval definition: " being meant two pitch distances between the musical sound ".But how much it is decided to be interval to the progression (number of degrees) that is comprised between two sounds; The sound number that is comprised between two sounds is only real " interval " notion in fact, i.e. " pitch distance ".It but only be used for determining interval pure, large and small, different character such as increase, subtract.This off the point erroneous picture passes mistake with mistake for a long time, and China is imported in all states from the west, from being forwarded to now in hundreds of years.
(2) kind of interval
Because the staff record is the mode music of " with the location, rank ", it is inevitable to be foundation with " seven rank ", constitutes " natural interval ", " variant interval " and " enharmonic intervals " etc.
1, natural interval: the natural sound of the seven notes of china ancient scale journey has pure tone journey, big interval, subinterval, increases four degree and diminished fifth etc.[seeing Fig. 7]
As can be seen from Figure 7: natural interval has 14 kinds: they are single degree, pure four degree, pure five degree, pure octave, major second, minor second, major third, minor third, major sixth (5/1, minor sixth, major seventeenth, minor seventh, increase four degree and diminished fifth etc.In addition, natural interval can also be begun to constitute up or down by any sound level.
2, variant interval:
Variant interval is with two sounds of natural interval or a sound wherein, raises or reduces semitone or whole tone and the interval that constitutes.All increase, subtract interval (increase four degree, except the diminished fifth) and multiplication, demultiplication interval, all are variant interval.[seeing Fig. 8]
Variant interval among Fig. 8 is as from twelve-tone equal temperament musical instrument angles such as pianos: augmented second=minor third; Subtract three degree=major seconds; Times augmented sixth=major seventeenth; Times diminished fifth=pure four degree.Sound equipment etc. journey is in full accord.Thus, these variant intervals do not have any value and significance of existence.If only be the modulation approach of can selecting else, why to look for so many troubles?
3, enharmonic intervals: each enharmonic intervals can have the form of expression of many kinds of intervals.[seeing Fig. 9]
4, the interval number in the natural major: in natural major, more or less for the number of intervals at different levels, as following table:
In the seven tunes natural major, not only more or less for the number of intervals at different levels, and adjacent two rank distance has the branch on (entirely) rank and (partly) rank again, does not form rule, so can't circulate; So utilization is got up, will be subjected to certain limitation.
In staff, increase four degree and these two intervals of diminished fifth, powerless in the face of the different accurate cent value numeral of each rule, have to sometimes equate, sometimes do not wait, there is not definite notion.Especially those are complicated and useless variant interval and enharmonic intervals is exactly a very simple interval in fact.Owing to used the mark of changing voice, and caused unworthy loaded down with trivial details and unnecessary.
Eight, chord:
(1) notion of chord:
In " staff ", according to three degree relations (" major third ", " minor third " are different).The combination of the stacked sound more than three or three is called " chord ".Three sounds are according to three degree relation stacked being named " common chords "; Four sounds are according to three degree relation stacked being named " seventh chord "; Five sounds concern stacked crying " ninth chord " etc. according to three degree.
(2) type of chord and number:
1, natural common chords
In staff, various chords are also the same with interval, the nature chord is arranged, change voice chord and etc. chord etc.Mode music heptachord is made the root sound by the stacked natural common chords of three degree, natural seventh chord, natural ninth chord etc., also can only have seven respectively.
Common chords have four types, and wherein Major chord and minor triad respectively have three, subtract one on common chords, and they all belong to the nature chord.Here, increase common chords and then belong to the chord of changing voice, it can be set up on any one sound level.。[seeing Figure 10]
2, the common chords of changing voice
In the common chords of four types of staffs, the common chords of changing voice are a lot.Only with regard to the Major chord of setting up on 12 different sound levels, except that three natural Major chords, also have nine Major chords of changing voice one, four, on the Pyatyi.These Major chords of changing voice in other is transferred, also are the nature Major chords in fact, just make it numerous and diverse owing to add the mark of changing voice in the note spectrum.[seeing Figure 11]
Other minor triad, subtract common chords, increase common chords etc.Must also be not always the case.
3, the natural seventh chord and the seventh chord of changing voice
In natural seventh chord, have seven seventh chords.Wherein big minor seventh chord has one, and minor seventh chord has three, and half diminished seventh chord has one, and big seventh chord has two.Seven kinds of natural seventh chords and three kinds of seventh chords of changing voice commonly used.[seeing Figure 12]
Change voice seventh chord except that three seventh chords such as diminished seventh chord (use), increase seventh chord and little big seventh chord (few using) more, also have much seventh chords of changing voice complicated and changeable.(summary)
3, chord such as
" waiting chord " is exactly a chord in fact, just owing in the note spectral method of staff, added the mark of changing voice and made it complicated., being used for the modulation of multi part works here, is to do something against one's will.Even so, be not that actual application value is all arranged yet.[seeing Figure 13]
In seventh chord, similar phenomenon is arranged too.
Most typical is to increase common chords and diminished seventh chord, its structure of a chord has the unexistent superiority of other chord: increasing originally between the adjacent polyphonic ring tone of common chords all is the major third relation, but in the staff first inversion and second transposition, but occurred subtracting fourth (with major third be enharmonic intervals); All be the minor third relation between the original adjacent polyphonic ring tone of diminished seventh chord, but in staff first inversion, second transposition and the 3rd transposition, occurred the augmented second interval (with minor third be enharmonic intervals).So, caused the dislocation note spectrum phenomenon of " etc. journey unison ".[seeing Figure 14]
Nine, modulation, transposition
In the mode music, which kind of mode no matter all (do) is determined to heighten with big accent heptachord " keynote ", in staff, then be situation, ascending, descending number what determined earlier, and then find " keynote " phoneme (do) to determine to heighten according to each accent.So, when meeting modulation and transposition, then must pass through requisite four steps:
(1) at first chooses clef and determine stave;
(2) transfer the required tone mark of how much finishing writing that rises flat according to each, determine to heighten;
(3) one by one each note is moved height or move low to the position of determining;
(4) check and adjust to the height that needs ascending, descending or reduction one by one, add or change " mark of changing voice ".Trivial operations, time and effort consuming is very easily made mistakes.
In order to adapt to different ranges of sound voice and musical instrument, miscellaneous clef was arranged once on the staff.In that (about 1525-1594) period in the handkerchief Leicester, clef has ten kinds (whole note is represented central C) to make full use of various clefs approximately, each the bar line on staff, and each just can be as between C line or C; So as long as the clef on the spectrum face of transposing instrument, be assumed to be the clef that another is suitable for, just can be in the hope of the sound of its actual performance.Be familiar with the use of the various clefs that are of little use, just be this.
When transposition, not only to 15 kinds of (do) difference note spectral methods in various staves that difference is heightened in the former staff be very familiar to, transfer but also will what belong to transposing instrument, move to what accent and how to move method etc., also must be very familiar to, just can carry out.[seeing Figure 15]
Ten, spectrum is composed, sets the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual and read to note
(1) note spectral method:
In " staff ", though note spectrum quantizes not rigorous, science not.As:
1, the number sequence that has is comparatively mixed and disorderly, as: sound group sequence number (face three of seing before, 1, sound group), bat value.
2, the numerical value that has is imprecise, as: value, the value of stopping (the digital title of the face seven that sees before, note and rest duration);
3, other modes of the usefulness that has quantize, as: heighten (how much rising flat), pitch (position between line) etc.;
4, have in the face of accurate numerical value can't record.As: " the cent value " of differential sound.
So claim: " staff " is: " old quantification system ",
(2) method of setting the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual
" staff " and other various music notations are set the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual on computers, nearly all are to adopt mouse to catch the position that note is clicked certain line or certain, and this method of setting the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual, regular meeting point mistake is wiped with rubber again.Clumsy work, time-consuming consumption power.If beat an edition on one page A4 paper, just can finish with 2 to 3 hours approximately.
(3) read spectrum, sight-reading method
In " staff " and since various staves be fixed as one of every sound, must be that standard is as starting point with central C when reading to compose, and the utilization baby is breaking the method for creeping of pointing the accumulative total numerical expression off with the fingers and thumb, order is sought pitch up or down and is read spectrum, then adds when rising, and then subtracts when falling.This single abstract several counting methods run through in the whole sight-reading process, and it belongs to logical thinking, need left brain to finish.So be called: " left brainization is read spectrum, sight-reading ".[seeing Figure 16]
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome staff and other " with the location, rank ", " with the rule location " and music notations such as " rank, rule merge the location ", existing note spectrum, all drawbacks of setting the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual and reading to compose.The present invention is its abbreviation, standardized and orderly, and utilization circulation and the principle and the rule that repeat, make stave " the simplest ", can remember range scope " maximum ", pitch apart from " minimum ", remember, read the note spectral method of method " the most alive ", feature " up-to-date ".Can realize set the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual " digitizing ", read spectrum " right brainization ".And created one and overlapped " newly quantizing system ".
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
One, stave, phoneme, sound level
(1) stave
Stave of the present invention, phoneme, sound level are according to the upright surely line of Fuxi Tai Ji " one draws Kaitian "; Establish " the two symbols of black and white coordination " according to " Taiji growing two instrument " in the "The Book of Changes"; Again down according to " national language " week language: " ... disciplines with three, put down with six, be formed in 12, the road in sky is also ".This justice (being the natural law) and being designed to: " the seed stave " of three-way (unexpected misfortune), six phonemes, 12 sound level structures.
" the seed stave " of " the present invention " is " stave of living " again.This " work " word is a core of the present invention, also with staff and other all line spectrums " extremely " stave (being the fixed plate stave) of the world the different of " matter " is arranged.It is a least unit of forming other various staves.
If with " the seed stave " of varying number according to circulation law carry out stacked, displacement, continuously or every methods such as group combinations, can form various simple spectrum tables and replace various little stave in the staff; With the great stave in two staves replacement staffs; Unite stave (promptly connecting stave) and total stave etc. in addition.
(2) phoneme:
" the seed stave " of " the present invention " has 6 phonemes in the sound group, 12 sound levels of black and white coordination respectively have its position to be fixed up, and are constant forever.Because all staves all are by the circulation of " seed stave ", repeat to form.So the phoneme of each sound group sound of the same name is all identical.Like this, we just can be 12336 phonemes in the staff, and condensing is that 6 12 sound levels can holding the black and white coordination are remembered spectrum.
(3) sound level:.
On each phoneme of the sound level of " the present invention ", be fixed with black, white two sound levels.On black (idol) 6 phonemes of a sound group white (very) 12 sound levels are arranged.Be derived from " rule ", " name " is " level ", and class interval " amount " is that " semitone number " calculates simply, and progression subtracts one and can get, and is rich in rule merely.It is divided into: six white tone levels: 1 °, 3 °, 5 °, 7 °, 9 °, 11 ° etc., represent with Arabic odd number, and in the upper right corner with hollow small circle mark; Six black sound levels: 2
, 4
, 6
, 8
, 10
, 12
Deng, represent with Arabic even number, and in the upper right corner with solid black mark a little.Be full rank between the upper and lower white tone level and between the upper and lower black sound level; Coordination is black, be half rank between the white tone level.Equal no change sound level in black, white 12 sound levels is so be called: " this sound level of dodecyl ".Get up by the height series arrangement and to be: 1 °, 2
, 3 °, 4
, 5 °, 6
, 7 °, 8
, 9 °, 10
, 11 °, 12
Sound level etc.[seeing Figure 17]
Two, musical alphabet, roll call
(1) musical alphabet;
Musical alphabet in " the present invention ",, be seven basic musical alphabet C, D, E, F, G, A, the B that gets in the former staff, match with 12 " rules " corresponding " sound level " of six white (very), six black (idols), write with the capitalization note; Six white tone names match with strange rule, and the sequence number of rule remembers in the musical alphabet upper right corner, as: C
1, D
3, E
5, G
7, A
9, B
11Six black musical alphabets match with the idol rule, and the sequence number of rule remembers in the musical alphabet upper right corner, as: C
2, D
4, F
6, G
8, A
10, B
12Like this, remove E
5And F
6Be outside the coordination different name, all the other C
1C
2, D
3D
4, G
7G
8, A
9A
10, B
11B
12Deng five musical alphabets all are coordination paired youngsters of the same name.Line up from low to high by this musical alphabet of dodecyl order and to be: C
1, C
2, D
3, D
4, E
5, F
6, G
7, G
8, A
9, A
10, B
11, B
12Here do not change musical alphabet, simple and clear and simple.
(2) roll call:
In " the present invention ", no matter be "fixed do" system, or "movable do" system, all adopt the seven tunes sol-fa.For the purpose of making roll call and musical alphabet is corresponding, also be divided into strange (in vain), even (deceiving) two kinds.The sequence number note that to restrain is in the roll call upper right corner.Remove coordination roll call mi
5And fa
6Beyond the pronunciation difference, all the other do
1Do
2, re
3Re
4, sol
7Sol
8, la
9La
10, si
11Si
12The same Deng five pairs of youngster's coordination roll call pronunciations.So, remain seven roll calls.
Generally play the piano and play other twelve-tone equal temperament musical instrument, all look and play with "fixed do" system, for making it corresponding unified, the key position of former keyboard is adjusted into black, white alternately " two six " keyboard of arrangement with black, Bai Fuwei and twelve-tone name, 12 roll calls in " a digital line spectrum ".(obtained china national practical new-type patent in 1999: ZL992086906).Be the highly difficult artistry that the protection pianist has grasped, key shape is still constant.[seeing Figure 18] Here it is do not change voice used phoneme, sound level, musical alphabet and roll call of "fixed do" system of mark.Be called in theory with the twelve-tone equal temperament pitch is " the dodecyl sound system " of standard.
Three, sound group, the range of sound, range and clef
(1) sound group:
Sound group of the present invention is divided corresponding consistent with " two six " keyboard, is to use the arabic numeral series arrangement from low to high.The 1st sound group is minimum three sound: A
10, b
11, B
122nd, 3,4,5,6,7,8 all is complete sound group; The 9th sound group has only a sound
Orderly sound group number all writes on the lower right corner of musical alphabet.
(2) range of sound:
" the present invention " is divided into three ranges of sound.Bottom three sound groups are " bass area "; Middle three sound groups are " middle register "; Topmost three sound groups are " treble ".High again person claims in " the superelevation range of sound ".
(3) range:
The range of " the present invention " is total range [seeing Figure 19] of determining as corresponding reference with 88 keys of " two six " keyboard piano six white six black intervals orderings.Musical instrument that other are different and voice all have oneself the range and the range of sound, but they all are to be core sound group with the 5th sound group.
General study of law man thinks: the frequency lowest limit of human auditory system to upper limit (UL) is the 16-20000 hertz approximately.The present invention then can record:
(16.35 hertz)-
The range of (19912.32 hertz).Its range then expands 11 sound groups to, by the height series arrangement is: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
Deng, simple and bright.[seeing Figure 20]
(4) clef: the symbol of indicating the stave height is " clef ".
The clef of " the present invention " has only " a kind of ".
In " seed stave ", one " main C line " arranged, at its high order end the vertical short ordinate that makes progress is arranged, its upper end is more lower slightly than secondary C line, and this short ordinate just is " clef line ".In " clef line " left side, write " sound group sequence number ", it is exactly " clef ".As:
Its clef can be changed as required at any time.
Six, heighten, tone mark, scale
(1) heighten, tone mark:
Tone mark in " the present invention ":
, be called for heightening standard person with white symbol " do ": " the white accent ", the tone mark note is done
, be called for heightening standard person with black symbol " do ": " the black accent ", the tone mark note is done
No matter transfer still black the accent in vain, its tone mark bottom is all similar to four overtones symbol shape, is occupied with it and determines to heighten.The both sides of its tone mark are respectively positive and negative S shape, expression things development law curve, and middle dried like symbol, integral body is again as happy emblem shape.No matter the right side that writes on the clef line must be remembered rightly in the black and white tone mark, and the ledger line relevant with tone mark " with then having, need not then not have ".[seeing Figure 21] this tone mark, not only simple and bright, recognized note well; And, also be rich in deep and abundant intension; Comparatively artistic, attractive in appearance again simultaneously, rich stronger appreciating.
(2) scale:
" the present invention " abolished all lifting marks, not only adopts " the two symbols of black and white " coordination note spectrum, and big accent seven rank that 12 differences on six phonemes are heightened are up, the unified 3+4 scale tactic pattern of having formed.[seeing Figure 22]
Big accent seven rank (3+4) structure of " the present invention " is fully corresponding consistent with " two six " 12 natural major seven rank of keyboard (3+4) structure that obtains utility model patent.[seeing Figure 23] other various mode scales also can form pattern.
Seven, note, rest
(1) note:
In " the present invention ", because the application that changes shape and " two symbol " of stave, so note and the rest used in the former staff are suitably adjusted.In order to make the notion of beat number of duration and people custom unified, and with the minim of Bai Futou in the former staff
Crotchet with black symbol head
Be asserted standard " 1 " (1 of time signature claps promptly) jointly.Be called " basic duration note ", be called for short: " base value ".Than " base value " long note name, order increases progressively at double and is 2 times, 4 times, two 4 overtone symbols etc.(with 2 times of symbol drying shrinkage is 1/3.As:
Or
) than " base value " short note name, order is decremented at double: 1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16 note etc.
(2) rest:
In " the present invention ", in order to unite with the beat digital concept.Make the duration of rest fully corresponding consistent, also by the actual ratio name with duration.
Be defined as: basic duration rest " 1 ".Than its long rest title, order increase progressively at double for: 2 times (for and 4 times of rests differences, will the former square black bulk of growing crosswise change into half white half black as:
), 4 times, two 4 times of rests etc., all note writes on the position, upper edge of " main C line ".Than its short rest title, order is decremented at double: 1/2, rest such as 1/4,1/8,1/16, and all stride main C line and remember and write.[seeing Figure 24]
(3) time signature:
" time signature " of " the present invention " generally is divided into: three kinds of big time signature, middle time signature, little time signatures etc., they are all remembered and write on the tone mark right side.Umber of beats in one trifle, note is clapped the duration note surely on " main C line ", and note is below " main C line ".It is a kind of as follows with the contrast of " numbered musical notation " time signature now respectively to select it:
1. the little time signature of time signature 3. numbered musical notation time signatures " the present invention " in the big time signature 2. numbered musical notation time signatures " the present invention " of numbered musical notation time signature " the present invention "
Sizes of other various relevant marks, shape, position etc. are that the center is remembered and write with " main C line " all.
Eight, musical note and cent
" the present invention " 12 chromatic pitches are that the rule height with twelve-tone equal temperament is that standard is remembered spectrum.Usefulness no matter wherein, wherein between the semitone of each scale between (100 cent) and the whole tone (200 cent) all be absolute equating.Fuzzy indefinite the concept of pitch in staff.
Accurate musical alphabet remembered in the fuzzy musical alphabet " ↑ f " of " clear angle sound " that " the present invention " is high with " staff " part omitted
Accurate musical alphabet remembered in lower slightly " note of the ancient Chinese seven-tone scale sound " fuzzy musical alphabet " ↓ b "
In stave, then black, the Bai Futou that contains the cent value must be become triangle, with make progress △ (▲) or downwards of triangled tip
Expression is higher or lower than basic sound level, and cent value number scale is a side of symbol head.As:
If with sound or chord, then remember left side at triangle symbol head.So just can accurately write down each cent value.The pitch of other various rule systems all can go out cent value number by commutation frequency, and the Using such method note is write again.
Because between semitone two rules is 100 cents, remember that respectively 50 cents get final product so restrain upper and lower maximum at certain.
Nine, interval
(1) notion of interval:
In " the present invention ",, realize that " the pitch distance " between the two real sounds is interval in order to correct the erroneous picture that " degree " is " interval ".Calculate " 1 " that " half rank " is decided to be " sound number ".12 basic sound levels so just must be regarded ten three sounds of keynote in octave of keynote as up tactic 12 chromatic scales.Therefore, the computing method of interval mainly are the sizes of how much coming to determine interval according to two sounds " class interval ", simple method, and progression subtracts " 1 " and can get immediately.Simultaneously, it can be used to again differentiate pure in seven rank, large and small, increase, subtract the different character of enharmonic intervals.
(2) kind of interval
Kind about interval, though " the present invention " is with " rank, rule merge the location ", but owing to still be that seven contrast formula music occupy dominant position at present in the world, have only employing to join the method for " twelve kinds of temperament " with " seven rank ", then more more real, because it does not have variation sound, does not just have the branch of " natural interval ", " variant interval " and " enharmonic intervals " etc. yet, has reduced many unnecessary troubles.So only reduce and be simple " fundamental interval ", but for remember sound more accurate for the purpose of, it has but set up " differential interval ".
1, fundamental interval: the usefulness in order to adapt to heptachord nature mode, this sound level of dodecyl be divided into six strange (in vain), six idols (deceive) and be listed as, adjacent two is white or two deceive and be whole tone scale between the sound levels, adjacent in vain, deceive between the sound level and be chromatic scale.Like this, merge into seven grades, just kept all interval relations in the former natural interval except that increasing four degree and diminished fifth.
Fundamental interval has 13 kinds: they are (1 °-2 of single degree (1 °-1 °), minor second
Level), major second (1 ° of-3 ° of level), minor third are (1 °-4
Level), major third (1 ° of-5 ° of level), pure four degree are (1 °-6
Level), increase (1 °-8 of four degree and diminished fifth (1 ° of-7 ° of level), pure five degree
Level), minor sixth (1 ° of-9 ° of level), major sixth (5/1 are (1 °-10
Level), minor seventh (1 ° of-11 ° of level), major seventeenth are (1 °-12
The level), pure octave (
Level) etc.[seeing Figure 25]
In " the present invention ", this sound level of dodecyl is to be foundation with the twelve-tone equal temperament.Here, increasing four degree and diminished fifth has been enharmonic intervals no longer, but same (six and half rank) interval.Though the existing definite numeral of 1-7 level is represented, in order in seven contrast formula music, to use, have to match with " original name ", so, can only give it and have dual character and solve.Other " seven rank " interval in addition generally speaking, can only be regarded fundamental interval as.Sometimes, also can be used as original augmented interval uses.As: (1 °-2 of minor second
Level) be sometimes once increasing, (1 °-4 of minor third
Level) be that augmented second, minor sixth (1 ° of-9 ° of level) are that ugmented fifth, minor seventh (1 ° of-11 ° of level) are augmented sixth etc. sometimes sometimes sometimes.
On twelve-tone equal temperament musical instruments such as piano, increase four degree and diminished fifth=600 cents.The two should be " identical ";
In the melody of violin was played, five tone cadence temperament commonly used: it increased four degree=612 cents; Diminished fifth=588 cents.
In the harmonic interval of viola was played, pure rule commonly used: it increased four degree=590 cents; Diminished fifth=610 cents.This can't write down on staff.
2, the number of fundamental interval:
In this sound level of dodecyl, the number of intervals at different levels equates that all these are different with staff.As following table:
As can be known from the above table: (1 °-2 of single degree (1 °-1 °), minor second
Level), major second (1 ° of-3 ° of level), minor third are (1 °-4
Level), major third (1 ° of-5 ° of level), pure four degree are (1 °-6
Level), increase (1 °-8 of four degree and diminished fifth (1 ° of-7 ° of level), pure five degree
Level), minor sixth (1 ° of-9 ° of level), major sixth (5/1 are (1 °-10
Level), minor seventh (1 ° of-11 ° of level), major seventeenth are (1 °-12
The level), pure octave (
The level) etc. 13 kinds of intervals, all be 12.
In this sound level of dodecyl, the number unanimity of fundamental intervals at different levels not only; Adjacent two-stage distance is (partly) rank that equate all.So, in the music practical application, no matter be scale, interval, chord, can constitute certain pattern, form certain rules, can be in different phoneme cocycles.This for first accommodation sing, transposition, modulation etc., all can bring great convenience.
Ten, chord:
1, the notion of chord
The chord notion of " the present invention " is still used the original name appellation.By (promptly 1 °-4 of minor third
Level) and the various chords formed of major third (i.e. 1 ° of-5 ° of level) interval, it is a lot of different to remember that the method for composing and sound-level meter counting method accurately and staff but have.
2, the type of chord and number:
1. the type of common chords and number:
In " the present invention ", the common chords of not changing voice, have only the fundamental tone common chords: Major chord, minor triad, subtract common chords, increase four types on common chords etc., each all is 12.[seeing Figure 26]
In " the present invention " with " staff " in the chord of changing voice complicated and changeable; All use the fundamental tone chord instead, Major chord, minor triad, subtract common chords, increase four types on common chords, its six white common chords pattern unanimity of transferring; Its six black common chords pattern unanimity of transferring.Form rule, recognized note well.
2. the type of seventh chord and number:
In " the present invention ", seven types of big minor seventh chord, minor seventh chord, half diminished, big seventh chord, diminished seventh chord, increase seventh chord, little big seventh chords etc., because the seventh chord of not changing voice, the former capital belongs to the fundamental tone seventh chord and remembers spectrum.Seventh chord among [seeing Figure 27] " the present invention ", each all is 12.Also the structure with common chords is the same for they, and the structure of its six white accent seventh chords is a kind of patterns; The structure of its six black accent seventh chords is a kind of patterns.Simple and clear and simple, be easy to identification.
In " the present invention ", do not wait chord, those chords such as grade in the staff, in " the present invention ", belong to the fundamental tone chord after, be exactly a chord in fact.
In " the present invention " increase common chords different with diminished seventh chord with staff be: increasing between the adjacent polyphonic ring tone of common chords all is major third relation, and the first inversion and second transposition still are the major third relations; All be the minor third relation between the adjacent polyphonic ring tone of diminished seventh chord, first inversion, second transposition and the 3rd transposition also still all are the minor third relations.So the present inventor is called " iron chord ".Also overcome simultaneously and four degree occurred subtracting after increasing the common chords transposition in the staff; Augmented second etc. appears after the diminished seventh chord transposition.The dislocation note spectrum phenomenon of the sort of " etc. journey not unison " makes the note spectrum more accurate.[seeing Figure 28]
Nine, modulation and transposition
That (1) heightens is clear and definite:
" the present invention " abolished to rise the denotation approach heightened how much determined of flat.And the method that directly adopts " keynote " with big accent heptachord (do) to be occupied is determined to heighten.Therefore, " the seed stave " of " the present invention " divides three levels clearly to heighten earlier, and then writes down modulation or transposition, and be then very simple.[seeing Figure 29]
(2) method of modulation and transposition:
1, if " the white accent moves to white accent " when perhaps " deceiving to transfer and moving to black the accent ", can move to the interval number of degrees that need together with " whole song " or " whole section " with " tone mark " and get final product; Available shift key adjustment on the computer.
2, if " white transfer move to black transfer ", perhaps when " the black accent moves to white accent ", as long as with " fa " frame of former accent get up (tone-off also has frame) move to the position of new accent " fa ".The integral body of melody both can move thereupon.Note the adjustment of black and white color.
Not only horizontal melody can whole modulation and transposition, and simultaneously, vertically having fixed mode harmonic interval and chord also can whole modulation and transposition.
Ten, spectrum is composed, sets the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual and read to note
(1) note spectral method
Because " the present invention " realized comprehensive " numberization ".Its sound group, heighten, all many-sided note spectrums such as umber of beats, bat value, sound level, value, the value of stopping, cent value, the constraint of having broken " old quantification system ", all re-quantizations.So " the present invention " belongs to " newly quantizing system ".
(2) method of setting the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual
" new quantize " not only is used in note spectrum category, but also the aging method of " the click note is set the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual " that will fall behind, and becomes the new method of advanced " setting the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual by computer numeral ".Special for this reason establishment sound group, heighten, umber of beats, bat value, sound level, value, the value of stopping, cent value number sequence table, and provide design proposal for software programming: as following table:
Last table explanation: " the present invention " sets the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual with computer " keypad ".Former traditional piano roller shutter sound group: (0-10) now use " two six " (six black six is white) piano roller shutter instead, the sound group is added to 11, but middle hear sounds group must be " 5 ".
1, clef: 1. " sound group sequence number " replacement " clef ".Selected " the main C line " that " sound group sequence number " arranged (precedingly have ▲ and
Stacked button can upper and lower adjusting sound group sequence number)
2, tone mark: *+2. heighten numeral-carriage return
White key height: 1 ° 3 ° 5 ° 7 ° 9 ° 11 °; Black key height:
3, time signature: 3. umber of beats (in the trifle)+" "+bat value number-carriage return
4. bat value: (being derived from value): big time signature
Be " 2 "; Middle time signature
Be " 1 "; Little time signature
Be " 3 ".
4, note: sound group number+pitch number+value+cent value number (before black+/)-carriage return.
5. pitch: numeral is identical with heightening.6. value: (for making the value number and clapping consistent the adjustment) basic duration note (former crotchet) is decided to be " 1 ", and 2 overtones symbols (former minim) are decided to be " 2 ", and 4 overtones accord with former whole note) be decided to be " 4 ", two 4 overtones accord with (former breve) and are decided to be " 8 "; For the programming of setting the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual is convenient 1/2 note (former quaver) is decided to be " 3 ", 1/4 note fixed (former semiquaver) is " 5 ", and 1/8 note (former demisemiquaver) is decided to be " 7 ", and 1/16 note (former hemidemisemiquaver) is decided to be " 9 ".7. cent value number (the white note head is white triangle person, directly beats cent value number, black note head is black triangle person, before cent value number+/)
5, rest: the duration number that 8. stops is directly beaten, (corresponding with the value number) carriage return.
(3) read spectrum, sight-reading method
" the present invention " all is to be formed by " seed stave " flexible combination because all staves, as long as six twelve-tones in the understanding this " seed stave ", that just can both be recognized the sound in all staves and has read.Reading spectral method is the method for using just as " multiplication 99 songs " of making a leapleap forward, the i.e. common multiple of identical number or pact.But in tangible representing such as stave, phoneme, scale, interval, chord, all form certain fixed mode respectively, pattern no longer is abstract number, but image.When sight-reading,, will get by perception, sensation, and be readily solved as long as remember combining of these mode images and musical sound.The synesthesia of this view picture and tin sound all is a spatial thought, finishes by right brain.So be called: " right brainization is read spectrum, sight-reading ".
The present invention has significant advantage and beneficial effect:
" the present invention " has following five significant new features:
One, the simplest:
Because " the present invention " realized " four normalizings ", so the simplification that reaches that the music note composes.Its performance is:
(1) multi-thread normalizing line:
The design of " the present invention " line has 2 breakthroughs: 1. use " sound group sequence number " replacement " clef "; 2. " C " line is divided into primary and secondary.Inferior person is derived from by main C line, so claim that " secondary C line " (its " main C line " C line in addition all is called " secondary C line ", also is interim, can break, can connect with high " secondary C line ".When disconnect using, the shortlyest must not be less than a trifle.), it is merged lines dead in the staff, the two class character of living.No matter contain " the simple spectrum table " of what sound groups, having only " main C line " is unique " fixed length line ", and historical facts or anecdotes has showed " multi-thread normalizing ".
(2) multispectral table normalizing stave:
Various staves can be dismantled and be reassembled into to the note spectrum and recognize and read because the phoneme among the present invention's " seed stave " can circulate again simultaneously flexibly, thus can be staves all in the former staff, and unification is condensed to " seed stave " a kind of note spectral method and is showed.Historical facts or anecdotes has showed " multispectral table normalizing ".
(3) multitone group normalizing sound group:
" the present invention " with each the sound group in the maximum range of musical sound, number sequence is arranged as from low to high: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 sound groups such as (4 sounds).The 5th sound group is middle hear sounds group, because scale, the sound level structure of each sound group are just the same, and available a kind of mode cycle.Historical facts or anecdotes has showed: " multitone group normalizing ".
(4) normalizings of transferring are transferred more:
" the present invention " is owing to 12 up scales of natural major, all unify the tactic pattern for (3+4).Other each mode scale, interval, chord etc. also can form certain pattern.Like this, just can make note compose, sightsing, look to play and become unified method.Promptly realized " transferring normalizing " more.
Because all and the irrelevant thing of note spectrum have been removed in the realization of above " four normalizings " in " the present invention " stave, make the spectrum face extremely succinct, clear, reach " the simplest ".[seeing Figure 30]
Two, maximum:
Because " the seed stave " of " the present invention " can be stacked arbitrarily, so perceived all musical sounds in its energy recorder ear audibility range, even the ultrasound wave that can survey of instrument and infrasonic pitch also can write down at an easy rate and recognize and read, but reach mankind bosom friend's greatest limit.
Three, minimum:
Because the extreme of the stave " four normalizings " of " the present invention " is simplified, and has reserved sufficient space on the spectrum face.Because of this sound level of dodecyl is according to the twelve-tone equal temperament location, write down the pitch that all different rules of the world are made again, but reach mankind bosom friend's least limit so can adjust to accurate cent value.
Four, the most alive:
" the present invention " is to be " clef " with " sound group sequence number ", is the basic structure of minimum stave with " seed stave ", and where its picture " brick " needs to remove toward which.Just as " word " of type printing flexible.Shift position (changing sound group sequence number) also can make up with varying number arbitrarily according to the order of sequence or every group arbitrarily, can also can remember spectrum to only surplus one " main C line " less even.So just replaced the staff table of big and rigid plate type, becoming " extremely " spectrum is " work " spectrum.Realize the note spectrum purpose of " changeable ", " can height can be low ", " removable closing ", " can be quiet movable ".
Five, up-to-date:
The above four breakthrough also all is " up-to-date " certainly.Here, " up-to-date " of " the present invention " is meant comprehensively " the new quantification ".Just with the sound group, heighten, comprehensive number sequenceization such as umber of beats, bat value, sound level, value, the value of stopping, cent value, can realize that " by computer number key " set the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual.
The present invention is owing to having above significant new feature, so produced tangible beneficial effect in every respect.
(1) " seven rank " of " the present invention " join new approaches, the new method of " twelve kinds of temperament ", will " locate with rank " and " with the rule location " two families dispute and the contradiction in thousands of years, are dissolved.It can make in musical alphabet, roll call and the spectrum note place phoneme and sound level corresponding, and is rich in rank, rule dual-use function.Abolished many change voice mark and derivation thereof in the staff note variation sound, variant interval, change voice chord and etc. sound, etc. tone, enharmonic intervals, etc. the skill and technique of a series of very complicateds such as chord.Only use " seven rank " to join various fundamental intervals that " twelve kinds of temperament " constitute and fundamental tone chord etc.In case of necessity, use " microphony branch " to be adjusted.So not only make mode music note spectrum more concisely, more accurate.And the note that is beneficial to modernist's music such as twelve tone system, serialism, accidental music is composed convenient use.Be: " double gain ".
(2) note of " the present invention " spectrum owing to extremely simplify, can make loaded down with trivial details sightsinging, recognize surplus adjusting and reducing negative 1000 that times (see the present invention one, 2 12336 phonemes in the staff, condensing is 6 phonemes.) " right brain sight-reading " can make degree-of-difficulty factor reduce by 8 to 10 times.And fully corresponding consistent with the white-black key position of " two six " keyboard piano and computer " two six " piano roller shutter, can make and fixedly look the person of playing and recognize key, read to compose and reaction capacity promotes greatly.Experimental results show that: the pupil learns half a year to one year can read over the symphony score.See the contrast of [Figure 16] spectrum example and [Figure 30] spectrum example.
(3) " the present invention " with the sound group, heighten, comprehensive number sequenceization such as umber of beats, bat value, sound level, value, the value of stopping, cent value.Realization " by computer number key " is set the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual, and computer programming person thinks: can raise the efficiency about 20 times-30 times, be expected the dream that the part music realizes " setting the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual " and " playing the musical instrument " speed synchronization.
(4) the cent value of " the present invention " record, record " differential sound " pushbutton data that has been provided with various mellotrons of producing over nearly, two year and digital piano is on all four.This accurate note spectral method has realistic meaning to the folk song of China various nationalities ecosystem singing style and various places Chinese folk art forms, opera and world various nationalities' folk music note spectrum.In the string music and wind instrument in string quartet or symphony, the variation of the different pitches of three rules is often arranged also.So record " differential sound " just becomes contemporary requisite function.But in the world today, but there is not the accurate note spectrum problem that a kind of music notation can solve the cent value." the present invention " then takes the lead in having captured this global difficulty.
In a word, " the present invention " opened the gate for music note spectrum realizes the numberization of information age; For the teenager of strong-willed learning music steps into the music palace of elegance early, opened up a shortcut; For all musical works note spectral methods of all times update, provide advantage; For all musical expert and musician have saved a large amount of labours and intelligence, and significantly improve work efficiency assurance is provided; Lay a good foundation in theory and practice, found " newly quantizing system " comprehensively; For world music note spectrum cause has been started a New Times; Strive on world's history of music, staying one page of radiance.
Description of drawings: the invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
The maximum range of Fig. 1, staff record human auditory system
Four kinds of clefs using always in Fig. 2, the staff
Seven liters, seven in Fig. 3, the staff trble staff are fallen tone mark
Low in Fig. 4, the staff, in, the tone mark notation of three kinds of staves of tenor
The interim sharp and the flat that use in Fig. 5, the staff
Up seven rank of 12 natural majors in Fig. 6, the staff
14 kinds of natural intervals in Fig. 7, the staff
Variant interval in Fig. 8, the staff
The multiple form of expression of enharmonic intervals in Fig. 9, the staff.
In Figure 10, the staff four of common chords types
The Major chord of changing voice in Figure 11, the staff
Seven kinds of natural seventh chords and three kinds of seventh chords of changing voice commonly used in Figure 12, the staff
In Figure 13, the staff etc. common chords
Increase common chords and diminished seventh chord in Figure 14, the staff
Ten kinds of C clefs of phase at that time in Figure 15, the handkerchief Leicester
Figure 16, staff spectrum example: be selected from Si Telawensiji " symphony of three movements "
" seed stave " structural drawing of Figure 17, " the present invention "
Figure 18, " the present invention's " symbol position, musical alphabet, roll call and " two six " key position corresponding diagram
Sound group, the range of sound, the range corresponding diagram of Figure 19, " the present invention " and " two six " keyboard
The maximum range of Figure 20, " the present invention " record human auditory system
Tone mark notation among Figure 21, " the present invention "
The up seven stage structure patterns of natural major among Figure 22, " the present invention "
Figure 23, the up seven stage structure figure of " two six " keyboard 12 natural majors
Figure 24, " the present invention's " note, rest duration literary style contrast figure
Fundamental interval type among Figure 25, " the present invention "
Common chords type and number among Figure 26, " the present invention "
The note write method of seven kinds of seventh chords commonly used among Figure 27, " the present invention "
Increase common chords and diminished seventh chord among Figure 28, " the present invention "
The method of setting the tone among Figure 29, " the present invention "
Figure 30, " the present invention " compose example: be selected from Si Telawensiji " symphony of three movements "
Among Fig. 1, " C2”-“
#d
7" be the maximum range of human auditory system, although on staff inadequate record, sight-reading person is difficult to recognize and reads, the upper ledger line part of trble staff especially, nearly 16 more than.
Among Fig. 2, clef commonly used in the staff has: 1. treble clef (G clef), 2. bass clef (F clef), 3. alto clef (C clef), 4. four kinds of tenor cleves (C clef) etc.
Among Fig. 3, have 1. seven kinds to rise tone mark in the staff trble staff, 2. seven kinds are fallen tone mark.
Among Fig. 4,1. bass staff tone mark notation, 2. alto staff tone mark notation, 3. tenor staff tone mark notation in the staff.
1. interim sharp notation, 2. interim flat notation in Fig. 5, the staff.
Up seven rank of 12 natural majors are unordered governed in Fig. 6, the staff.
14 kinds of natural intervals in Fig. 7, the staff.
Variant interval in Fig. 8, the staff (increase four degree, except the diminished fifth): 1. 2. augmented interval subtracts 3. times 4. demultiplication interval of augmented interval etc. of interval.
The many forms of enharmonic intervals in Fig. 9, the staff.
Four types of common chords in Figure 10, the staff: 1. Major chord 2. minor triad 3. subtract common chords and 4. increase common chords.
Figure 11, in certain of staff is transferred, except three natural Major chords, also have nine Major chords of changing voice.
Seven kinds of natural seventh chords and three kinds of seventh chords of changing voice commonly used in Figure 12, the staff.
In Figure 13, the staff etc. common chords.
Increase common chords and diminished seventh chord in Figure 14, the staff, between its adjacent polyphonic ring tone " etc. journey not unison ".
Ten kinds of C clefs of phase at that time in Figure 15, the handkerchief Leicester are provided convenience for transposing instrument and to be used.
Figure 16, staff music score: be selected from Si Telawensiji " symphony of three movements "
Figure 17,1. sound group sequence number (clef), 2. clef line, 3. main C line, 4. secondary C line adds a line on 5., adds the two wires on 6., adds one on 7., adds two on 8., adds three on 9., 10. white note,
Black note. The line that black, white note is shared and all be " phoneme ".
Sound level, the numeral in the sound level lower right corner are sound group sequence numbers. There is the circle in the sound level upper right corner, and the person is the white tone level, and the person is black sound level the stain.
Among Figure 18: 1. black, white key mapping: 2. black, Bai Fuwei: here, six white keys are corresponding with six white notes: six black keys are corresponding with six black notes. 3. musical alphabet: seven musical alphabets are derived from " seven rank "; 4. roll call: seven roll calls are corresponding with musical alphabet, and the numeral in their upper right corner is " sound level ", are derived from " twelve kinds of temperament "; Join " twelve kinds of temperament " so be referred to as " seven rank ".
Among Figure 19: " the present invention " is with the sound group of assorted order, unordered mixing in the staff: becoming from low to high, order is adjusted into: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 sound groups.
Among Figure 20: " the present invention " middle C °1-
It is the maximum range of human auditory system.
Among Figure 21: the tone mark in " the present invention ": 1. 2. six kinds of black tone marks of six kinds of white tone marks
Among Figure 22: 12 natural major seven rank of " the present invention " are (3+4) structures.
1. " do " is white big accent person, behavior on its seven rank: the black structure in 3 white+4;
2. " do " is black big accent person, behavior on its seven rank: 3 black+4 white structures.
Among Figure 23: " the present invention " is fully corresponding consistent with " two six " 12 natural major seven rank of keyboard (3+4) structure.
1. left half figure is six white accent, and seven rank are up is for it: the black structure in 3 white+4; Six white tone names and odd number rule match: the sequence number note of rule is at musical alphabet upper right corner C1、D
3、E
5、g
7、a
9、b
11；
2. right half figure is six black accent, and seven rank are up is for it: 3 black+4 white structures. Six black musical alphabets and even number rule match: the sequence number note of rule is at musical alphabet upper right corner c2、d
4、F
6、G
8、A
10、B
12。
Figure 24: the value of " the present invention " with the principle that the value of stopping is adjusted is: value and the value of stopping of assorted order, dislocation in the staff is adjusted into and claps consistent simple and clear number sequence.
Figure 25: the fundamental interval type in " the present invention ".
Figure 26: the Major chord of " the present invention ", minor triad, subtract common chords and increase common chords and have respectively 12.
Figure 27: the note of the various seventh chords in " the present invention " is write method, and certain pattern is respectively arranged, and available right brain is identified fast.
Figure 28: increasing between the adjacent polyphonic ring tone of common chords in " the present invention " all is the major third relation, all is the minor third relation between the adjacent polyphonic ring tone of diminished seventh chord.
Figure 29: " the seed stave " in " the present invention " can divide three levels to confirm to heighten:
1, first level: only use " main C line " and upper and lower two, just can record six accent that difference is high.
1. locate at main C line, can record respectively C1、C
2Two (do) that transfer. 2. D can be recorded respectively in location on the main C line one3、D
4Two (do) that transfer. 3. in main C line location in next, can record respectively B11、B
12Two (do) that transfer.
2, second level is upper and lower first ledger line.
4. add line location at " main C line ", can record E5、F
6(do) of two accent. 5. in " main C line " leger line one location, can record A9、A
10(do) of two accent.
3, the 3rd level is upper and lower second.
6. location in upper and lower two of main C line can be remembered and write G7、G
8Two (do) that transfer.
Figure 30: from the score music score of " the present invention ": be selected from Si Telawensiji " symphony of three movements " and can see all sidedly its simplicity.
Embodiment
Learn with experiment by inquiry: realize that best way of the present invention is to make computer " software of setting the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual ", because it is the fastest a, best means of propagating the new music score of modernization, especially making sound, as synchronously, the CD of qin, synchronous Cakewalk Music Creator's one class of spectrum, more fashionable, more popular.Because it can not only satisfy countries in the world singer or composer's MiDI making, printing, publication, music teaching, composition, performance, player the note spectrum, read to compose, set the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual etc. use, and price is low again, ordinary consumer all can be accepted.(Wuhan grace music software company limited can be the present invention and makes software, and investment and cooperation of the present invention are willing to by Tianjin Gongbo Sci-Tech Development Co., Ltd.).
Claims (1)
1. rank, rule " music notation " i.e. " digital line spectrum " of merging the location.It is characterized in that by directly grow crosswise a C line and last two short ledger lines, constitute 3 on 3 lines totally 6 " seed staves " that can hold black and white coordination 12 sound levels, and join the twelve kinds of temperament flexible combination with seven rank, the music in can the minimum and maximum limit range of the simplest method record human auditory system.With its sound group, heighten, after the number sequence computer programming such as umber of beats, bat value, sound level, value, the value of stopping, cent value, can " by numerical key " set the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100686034A CN101887650A (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2009-04-24 | General music notation for positioning scales and notes together |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100686034A CN101887650A (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2009-04-24 | General music notation for positioning scales and notes together |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101887650A true CN101887650A (en) | 2010-11-17 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106991995A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-07-28 | 广州丰谱信息技术有限公司 | A kind of stepless modified tone and rub the constant roll call keyboard number sightsinging qin that key changes voice |
-
2009
- 2009-04-24 CN CN2009100686034A patent/CN101887650A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106991995A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-07-28 | 广州丰谱信息技术有限公司 | A kind of stepless modified tone and rub the constant roll call keyboard number sightsinging qin that key changes voice |
| CN106991995B (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2020-10-30 | 广州丰谱信息技术有限公司 | A constant solfa keyboard digital sight-singer with stepless pitch and rubbing keys |
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Application publication date: 20101117 |