Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of grounding net distribution detector, can accurately survey the distribution trend of ultra-high-tension power transmission line grounded screen.
The present invention adopts following technical proposals: a kind of grounding net distribution detector, comprise signal projector and signal receiver, and signal projector is used for to grounded screen emission voltage signal, and two output terminals of signal projector are used for respectively being connected with the earth with the iron tower ground wire; Signal receiver comprises coil and signal receiving circuit; Coil is used for the signal of inductive grounding net, an end ground connection of coil, and the other end is connected with the input end of signal receiving circuit; Signal receiving circuit is used for induction coil is amplified, and the output terminal of signal receiving circuit is connected with earphone.
Described signal projector comprises oscillatory circuit, differential amplifier circuit; Amplifying circuit, power output circuit; The output terminal of oscillatory circuit is connected with the input end of differential amplifier circuit; The output terminal of differential amplifier circuit is connected with the input end of amplifying circuit, and the output terminal of amplifying circuit is connected with the input end of power output circuit, and the output terminal of power output circuit is the output terminal of signal projector.
Also be connected with the promotion polar circuit between said amplifying circuit and the power output circuit.
Also be connected with overload protecting circuit between the output terminal of described power output circuit and the input end of oscillatory circuit.
Also be connected with voltage table between two output terminals of described power output circuit.
Described signal receiving circuit comprises that voltage parallel connection negative feedback amplifier circuit, current feedback are to amplifying circuit, oscillator amplifier circuit, pierce circuit and amplification output circuit; The input end of voltage parallel connection negative feedback amplifier circuit is connected with coil; The output terminal of voltage parallel connection negative feedback amplifier circuit is connected with the input end of current feedback to amplifying circuit; Current feedback is connected with the input end of oscillator amplifier circuit the output terminal of amplifying circuit; The output terminal of the output terminal resonant amplifying circuit of pierce circuit is connected with the input end of amplification output circuit, and the output terminal of amplification output circuit is used for being connected with earphone.
Also be connected with the beat-frequency detection circuit between the output terminal of described oscillator amplifier circuit and the input end of amplification output circuit, the output terminal of pierce circuit is connected with the input end of beat-frequency detection circuit.
Grounding net distribution detector of the present invention is searched the distribution of grounded screen accurately according to electromagnetic induction principle, and speed is very fast.The use of this instrument can be increased work efficiency, and reduces maintainer's labour intensity, accomplishes the maintenance task fast; And this light-weight equipment, volume are little, easy to carry; Simultaneously also filled up domestic blank in ultra-high-tension power transmission line maintenance field.
Embodiment
The present invention does with detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, ground connection distribution detector of the present invention comprises signal projector and signal receiver, and signal projector is used for transmitting to grounded screen, and two output terminals of signal projector are added to the ground wire of iron tower respectively and are connected to the earth through the ground pricker; Signal receiver comprises coil and signal receiving circuit; Coil is perpendicular to ground; Be used for the signal of inductive grounding net, an end ground connection of coil, the other end is connected with the input end of signal receiving circuit; Signal receiving circuit is used for induction coil is amplified, and the output terminal of signal receiving circuit is connected with earphone.Signal projector produces the voltage signal ripple and is sent to grounded screen, after grounded screen is sensed voltage signal, produces induction current on the grounded screen surface; This electric current than the concentrated area along ground wire to propagating at a distance, in communication process, this electric current is radiation electric signal earthward again; Like this when signal receiver during at ground location, promptly measure the vertical component of electromagnetic field with vertical and the coil on ground, have the electromagnetic field of a column on the detection target ground wire; Magnetic field is that the concentric round magnetic line of force of numerous and ground wire is formed; Signal receiver signal response above grounded screen is minimum, and respectively there is a peak both sides, and this is because the vertical component of these magnetic lines of force directly over pipeline is zero; This moment, the magnetic flux through the vertical coil of reception was zero, and signal response has a minimum value (null value or minimal value).As shown in Figure 6, when signal receiver was in grounded screen (cable) top B point, the coil of signal receiver was parallel with electric field, and coil does not cut line of electric force, and the induction current in the coil is very little, does not at this moment almost have sound in the earphone; And when signal receiver during at A point or C point, the sound in the earphone is bigger, and the line that is linked to be by the less point of sound is the path of grounded screen (cable).As shown in Figure 7; Signal receiver B point above cable is tilted 45 °, retreat perpendicular to cable louding then, when falling back on the A point; Signal receiver is over against grounded screen (cable); Sound in the earphone is minimum at this moment, and the distance that the B point is ordered to A, the distance of just drawing back are the degree of depth that grounded screen (cable) is buried underground.
As shown in Figure 2; Signal projector comprises oscillatory circuit, differential amplifier circuit; Amplifying circuit, promotion polar circuit, power output circuit; The output terminal of oscillatory circuit is connected with the input end of differential amplifier circuit, and the output terminal of differential amplifier circuit is connected with the input end of amplifying circuit, and the output terminal of amplifying circuit is connected with the input end of power output circuit through pushing grade circuit; The output terminal of power output circuit is the output terminal of signal projector, also is connected with overload protecting circuit between the output terminal of described power output circuit and the input end of oscillatory circuit.
As shown in Figure 4; Oscillatory circuit comprises NAND gate circuit IC2A and IC2B, resistance R 1, R2, the square-wave generator of capacitor C 1 formation and the 15KHZ oscillator that NAND gate circuit IC2D, resistance R 3, R4, capacitor C 2, C3 and inductance L 1 constitute; The output terminal of oscillatory circuit connects capacitor C 4 and variable resistor W4, and the adjustable side of variable resistor W4 is connected with the input end of differential amplifier circuit (base stage of triode Q1).Differential amplifier circuit reaches the filtering circuit that is made up of resistance R 7 and capacitor C 6 by triode Q1, Q2, Q3 to be formed, and the collector of triode Q1 is connected with power supply+24V through resistance R 8, and the collector of triode Q2 is connected with power supply+24V, and power supply can also be recharged; The emitter of triode Q1 is connected the back and is connected with the collector of triode Q3 with the emitter of triode Q2; The base stage of triode Q3 is connected through an input end (base stage of triode Q4) of resistance R 11 and amplifying circuit; The base stage of triode Q3 also is connected with power supply-24V through voltage stabilizing diode D6; The negative pole of voltage stabilizing diode D6 is connected with stake resistance R10, and the emitter of triode Q3 is connected with power supply-24V through resistance R 9; The collector of triode Q1 is connected with another input end (base stage of triode Q6) of amplifying circuit; The base stage of triode Q2 is connected with the emitter of triode Q11 in the power output circuit through resistance R 16; The base stage of triode Q2 also is connected with capacitor C 8 and stake resistance R20, and differential amplifier circuit carries out the difference amplification with the back level signal of signal projector and the input signal of triode Q1.Amplifying circuit is made up of triode Q4 and Q6; The emitter of triode Q4 is connected with power supply-24V through resistance R 12; The collector of triode Q4 is connected with the collector of triode Q9 through resistance R 13; Also be connected with variable resistor W2 between the collector of the collector of triode Q9 and triode Q6; The adjustable side of variable resistor W2 is connected with the emitter of triode Q9, and the base stage of triode Q9 is connected with capacitor C 9 through diode D5, resistance R 25 ground connection between the emitter of triode Q9 and the base stage; The emitter of triode Q9 also is connected with the base stage of triode Q5, and the collector and emitter of triode Q5 is connected with the base stage of triode Q7 and triode Q8 in the pushing grade circuit respectively; Wherein triode Q9 provides bias voltage for triode Q6, and triode Q5 has guaranteed that the balance of circuit is with stable.Pushing grade circuit is made up of triode Q7, Q8; The emitter of triode Q7, Q8 is connected with the emitter of triode Q11 in the power output circuit through resistance R 17, R18 respectively; The emitter of triode Q7 also is connected with the base stage of triode Q11 in the power output circuit through resistance R 15; The collector of triode Q8 is connected with the base stage of triode Q12 in the power output circuit through resistance R 19; The emitter of triode Q11 is connected with the collector of triode Q12, and the emitter of triode Q12 is connected with power supply-24V; An end of the primary coil of transformer L3 is connected in the emitter of triode Q11 and the overload protecting circuit, and the other end of the primary coil of transformer L3 is connected with capacitor C 17 1 ends, and the other end of capacitor C 17 is an output terminal of signal projector; Also be connected with a voltage table M1 between this output terminal and another output terminal (ground wire), can show output voltage values.
As shown in Figure 4; Overload protecting circuit comprises transformer L3, resistance R 27, variable resistor W3, Sheffer stroke gate IC1D; The secondary coil of transformer L3 connects resistance R 27 and variable resistor W3 ground connection; The adjustable side of variable resistor W3 through diode D2 with restart button S1 and be connected, button S1 two ends are parallel with capacitor C 13; The input end pin 13 of Sheffer stroke gate IC1D is connected with button S1; Input end pin 12 is connected with resistance R 8 through resistance R 5; Input end pin 12 also is connected with the negative pole of diode D3, and the plus earth of diode D3, capacitor C 5 are connected in parallel on diode D3 two ends; The input end pin 5,6 of output terminal pin 11 and Sheffer stroke gate IC1B is connected, and output terminal pin 11 also is connected with the pin 1 of Sheffer stroke gate IC2A in the square-wave generator; The input end pin 1,2 of the output terminal of Sheffer stroke gate IC1B and Sheffer stroke gate IC1A is connected, and the output terminal of Sheffer stroke gate IC1B also is connected with hummer through triode Q10, and the collector of triode Q10 is connected with power supply+24V through resistance R 26; The output terminal pin 3 of Sheffer stroke gate IC1A connects the indicating circuit of resistance R 21 and LED 1 formation.If signal projector outlet overload or short circuit, transformer L3 exports sample rate current, and IC1D and IC1B are with input end pin 1 locking of the IC2A of oscillatory circuit; The oscillatory circuit of signal projector is quit work; Simultaneously relay indicating light LED1 extinguishes, and hummer reports to the police, after overload or short-circuit condition are removed; By " restarting " button S1, instrument works on.
As shown in Figure 3; Described signal receiving circuit comprises that voltage parallel connection negative feedback amplifier circuit, current feedback are to amplifying circuit, oscillator amplifier circuit, pierce circuit, beat-frequency detection circuit and amplification output circuit; The input end of voltage parallel connection negative feedback amplifier circuit is connected with coil; The output terminal of voltage parallel connection negative feedback amplifier circuit is connected with the input end of current feedback to amplifying circuit; Current feedback is connected with the input end of oscillator amplifier circuit the output terminal of amplifying circuit; The output terminal of the output terminal resonant amplifying circuit of pierce circuit is connected with the input end of beat-frequency detection circuit, and the output terminal of beat-frequency detection circuit is connected with the input end of amplification output circuit, and the output terminal of amplification output circuit is connected with earphone.
As shown in Figure 5; Voltage parallel connection negative feedback amplifier circuit comprises triode BG1, is connected resistance R 33, the capacitor C 22 of transistor emitter; The base stage of triode BG1 is connected with an end of coil through capacitor C 21; The other end ground connection of coil; Also be connected with feedback resistance R34 between the base stage of triode BG1 and the collector, the collector of triode BG1 also is connected with resistance R 31 and direct earth capacitance C23, and the collector of triode BG1 also is connected with the base stage of current feedback to triode BG2 in the amplifying circuit through capacitor C 24.Current feedback comprises triode BG2 and triode BG3 to amplifying circuit; The collector of triode BG2 is connected with the base stage of triode BG3, and the base stage of triode BG2 is connected through the emitter of resistance R 41 and triode BG3, and the emitter of triode BG2 connects parallel resistor R37 and capacitor C 25; The emitter of triode BG3 connects the resistance R 39 and resistance R 40 of series connection; Capacitor C 27 is connected in parallel on resistance R 40 two ends, improves ac gain, and holding circuit is stable; The collector of triode BG2 is connected with+9V power supply through resistance R 36, and the collector of triode BG3 passes through resistance R 38 and is connected with+9V power supply, and the collector of triode BG3 passes through capacitor C 28 and is connected with the base stage of triode BG4 in the oscillator amplifier circuit.Oscillator amplifier circuit comprises triode BG4; The base stage of triode BG4 also is connected with+9V power supply through resistance R 43; The emitter of triode BG4 is through resistance R 41 ground connection, and the collector of triode BG4 connects capacitor C 29, and the parallel connection of primary windings of transformer T is at the two ends of capacitor C 29; Secondary coil one end of transformer T is connected with the output terminal of pierce circuit; Pierce circuit comprises Wen's bridge feedback network and the BG10 amplifying circuit that is made up of BG8 and BG9, can export the 15.5KHz signal, and wherein variable resistor W2 is used for finely tuning.The other end of the secondary coil of transformer T is connected with the diode D7 in the beat-frequency detection circuit that is made up of diode D7 series connection earth capacitance C31 is anodal; The negative pole of diode D7 also connects variable resistor W5; Improved the selectance of output signal; The adjustable side of variable resistor W5 (be used for regulating volume) transmits signal to the base stage of triode BG6 in the amplification output circuit through filter capacitor C34; The emitter of triode BG6 connects resistance R 49 and resistance R 50 back ground connection, and capacitor C 35 is connected in parallel on the two ends of R50, constitutes the direct current negative feedback and exchanges negative feedback with part; The collector of triode BG6 is connected with the 9V power supply through resistance R 48; The collector of triode BG6 also is connected with the base stage of triode BG7 through capacitor C 36; The base stage of triode BG7 also is connected with the 9V power supply through resistance R 51; Also through resistance R 52 ground connection, the emitter of triode BG7 connects resistance R 54 and resistance R 55 back ground connection, and capacitor C 38 is connected in parallel on the two ends of R55; The collector of triode BG7 also is connected with the 9V power supply through resistance R 53; The collector of triode BG7 is connected with the input end of earphone through filter capacitor C37; Triode BG6 and triode BG7 carry out two-stage with sound signal and amplify, and make the signal of input earphone clear melodious.