CN101877556A - 太阳能收集装置 - Google Patents

太阳能收集装置 Download PDF

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CN101877556A
CN101877556A CN2009103019973A CN200910301997A CN101877556A CN 101877556 A CN101877556 A CN 101877556A CN 2009103019973 A CN2009103019973 A CN 2009103019973A CN 200910301997 A CN200910301997 A CN 200910301997A CN 101877556 A CN101877556 A CN 101877556A
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fresnel lenses
control system
temperature control
collecting device
reflective fresnel
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CN101877556B (zh
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张仁淙
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Guangdong Huabo Enterprise Management Consulting Co ltd
State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Co Ltd
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0076—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a detector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
    • F24S40/55—Arrangements for cooling, e.g. by using external heat dissipating means or internal cooling circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
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    • G02B7/028—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation
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Abstract

一种太阳能收集装置，其包括一个支架，一个支撑板，多个反射式菲涅尔镜片以及温度控制系统。所述支撑板设置在所述支架上。所述温度控制系统设置在所述支撑板表面上。所述多个反射式菲涅尔镜片设置在所述温度控制系统上并呈阵列式排布。所述温度控制系统与所述多个反射式菲涅尔镜片相贴合用以控制所述菲涅尔镜片的温度。本发明的太阳能收集装置通过采用反射式菲涅尔镜片配合温度控制系统使反射式菲涅尔镜片的温度控制在一定范围内，避免了反射式菲涅尔镜片因温度变化发生形变导致太阳能使用效率下降的弊端，从而延长了太阳能收集装置的使用寿命，提高了太阳能使用效率。

Description

太阳能收集装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能收集装置。
背景技术
随着常规能源储量的衰减，太阳能的利用已成为科学技术领域研究开发的热门课题，现有的太阳能装置广泛采用菲涅尔镜片来对光线进行汇聚从而使分散的太阳能聚焦在光能电池上产生电能。然而，因为菲涅尔镜片在太阳光长时间的照射下自身的温度会升高，温度升高将会使菲涅尔镜片发生膨胀而改变其表面形状，所以导致菲涅尔镜片的汇聚效果减弱，从而使太阳能装置的太阳能转化效率降低。此外，温度变化同时会导致菲涅尔镜片的使用寿命降低，从而增加了太阳能装置的维护成本。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种恒温、高效的太阳能收集装置。
一种太阳能收集装置，其包括一个支架，一个支撑板，多个反射式菲涅尔镜片以及温度控制系统。所述支撑板设置在所述支架上。所述温度控制系统设置在所述支撑板表面上。所述多个反射式菲涅尔镜片设置在所述温度控制系统上并呈阵列式排布。所述温度控制系统与所述多个反射式菲涅尔镜片相贴合用以控制所述菲涅尔镜片的温度。
相较现有技术，本发明的太阳能收集装置通过采用反射式菲涅尔镜片配合温度控制系统使反射式菲涅尔镜片的温度控制在一定范围内，避免了反射式菲涅尔镜片因温度变化发生形变导致太阳能使用效率下降的弊端，从而延长了太阳能收集装置的使用寿命，提高了太阳能使用效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明太阳能收集装置的轴侧图；
图2是沿图1中太阳能收集装置II-II方向的剖视图。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1及图2，本发明实施方式提供的一种太阳能收集装置100，其包括一个支架110，一个支撑板120，多个反射式菲涅尔镜片130以及温度控制系统140。所述支撑板120设置在所述支架110上。所述温度控制系统140设置在所述支撑板120上。所述多个反射式菲涅尔镜片130设置在所述温度控制系统140上并呈阵列式排布构成一多片反射式单一焦点太阳能汇聚系统。所述温度控制系统140贴合在所述多个反射式菲涅尔镜片130的底侧用以控制所述菲涅尔镜片130的温度。
所述支架110用以支撑所述支撑板120。本实施方式中，所述支撑架110包括一个底座112，一个设置在所述底座112内的转向装置114用以根据太阳的不同方位调整所述支撑板120的朝向及角度。可以理解所述转向装置114中包括可实现三维方向转动的驱动装置及转接结构(图未示)。
所述支撑板120可转动的设置在所述支架110上，并可在所述转向装置114的驱动下改变自身的朝向及角度。所述支撑装置120用以支撑所述反射式菲涅尔镜片130及所述温度控制系统140。
所述多个反射式菲涅尔镜片130呈阵列式排布在所述温度控制系统140上，用以聚集太阳光。所述每一反射式菲涅尔镜片130包括一个上表面132以及一个与所述上表面相对的下表面134。在所述上表面132上开设有多个V形槽(V-Groove)136，所述每个V形槽136都具有一定的倾角及弧度。在所述V形槽(V-Groove)136的表面上136a镀设一层抗反射膜137。在所述反射式菲涅尔镜片130的下表面134上涂布有一层反射膜138。所述多个反射式菲涅尔镜片130一同构成一个多片反射式单一焦点太阳能汇聚系统，在所述焦点位置处设置光能电池或者热交换装置便能将太阳能转化为所需的电能或者热能。该多片反射式单一焦点太阳能汇聚系统采用抛物面方式来对所述每片反射式菲涅尔镜片130的形状及反射图案(或是V-Groove与角度)进行计算及设计，从而使得将多个反射式菲涅尔镜片130按照阵列式排布后组成一个完整的抛物面状的汇聚系统。由于将越大面积的太阳能反射集中，所汇聚的太阳能量越多，因此，所述多片反射式单一焦点太阳能汇聚系统可以设计成采用2x2、3x3、3x2或是4x4等类似的阵列式排布的单片反射式菲涅尔镜片130。制造时，将上述反射式单一焦点太阳能汇聚系统中的多个单片反射式菲涅尔镜片130逐一进行光学抛物面的计算，可以得到每一片反射式菲涅尔镜片130的V形槽136的弧度及倾角。当得到每一反射式菲涅尔镜片130的V形槽136的弧度及倾角参数后通过射出成型方式制造出多个具有上述V形槽136的塑胶结构，再利用薄型金属蒸镀或是溅镀的方式，在所述塑胶结构的表面镀设一层抗反射膜137及反射膜138从而构成所述的反射式菲涅尔镜片130。所述反射膜138可采用Al、Au、Ag等材料或上述任意两种材料或者三种材料组成的混合材料。将所述反射式菲涅尔镜片130阵列式排布在所述冷却系统140上从而构成一具有单一焦点的反射式单一焦点太阳能汇聚系统。镀设在所述反射式菲涅尔镜片130的V形槽136表面上的抗反射膜137为宽带抗反射膜，该宽带抗反射膜可使得太阳光中的紫外光、可见光、至远红外光波段的光线可透过所述V形槽136的表面并由所述反射膜138反射后汇聚于一点，从而使太阳光中可利用的波长频率增加至由紫外光、可见光一直到远红外光范围，进一步提高了太阳能的利用效率。可以理解，也可直接在所述在所述V形槽(V-Groove)136的表面上136a镀设一层反射膜用以直接反射光线。
所述温度控制系统140设置在所述支撑板120上并贴合在所述反射式菲涅尔镜片130的下表面134一侧，且与所述反射式菲涅尔镜片130接触。该温度控制系统140包括一个导管142，一个温度感测器144，以及一个控制器146。所述导管142布设在所述支撑板120上并贴合在所述反射式菲涅尔镜片130的下表面134上，且呈蛇形排布。所述导管142内容置有冷却液(图未示)。所述温度感测器144设置在所述导管142上，用以感测所述导管142内的冷却液的温度，并将其感测信号传输给所述控制器146。所述控制器146用以根据所述温度感测器144的感测信号控制导管142内的冷却液的循环流动。当所述导管142内的冷却液的温度高于预设温度，所述控制器146控制所述冷却液循环，使高温冷却液流出使低温冷却液流入。可以理解，所述温度控制系统140也可以是其他的如散热鳍片或者热管配合风扇构成的温度控制系统，所述散热鳍片或者热管设置在所述支撑板120上并贴合在反射式菲涅尔镜片130的下表面上，所述风扇设置在所述支撑板120上并正对所述散热鳍片或者热管设置，用以加快所述散热鳍片或者热管散热。
使用时，当所述多个反射式菲涅尔镜片130的温度升高时，与其接触的导管142通过热传导将所述反射式菲涅尔镜片130的热量传递给冷却液，所述温度感测器144时刻监控所述冷却液的温度，当所述冷却液的温度高于预订温度时，所述控制器146控制所述冷却液循环，将温度高于预订温度的冷却液导出，同时将温度低于预定温度的冷却液导入导管142中从而控制所述反射式菲涅尔镜片130的温度。
本发明太阳能收集装置100通过采用反射式菲涅尔镜片130配合温度控制系统140使反射式菲涅尔镜片130的温度控制在一定范围内，避免了反射式菲涅尔镜片130因温度变化发生形变导致太阳能收集装置100的太阳能使用效率下降的弊端，从而延长了太阳能收集装置100的使用寿命，提高了太阳能使用效率。
应该指出，上述实施方式仅为本发明的较佳实施方式，本领域技术人员还可在本发明精神内做其它变化。这些依据本发明精神所做的变化，都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。

Claims (12)

1.一种太阳能收集装置，其包括一个支架，一个支撑板，多个反射式菲涅尔镜片以及温度控制系统，所述支撑板设置在所述支架上，所述温度控制系统设置在所述支撑板表面上，所述多个反射式菲涅尔镜片设置在所述温度控制系统上并呈阵列式排布，所述温度控制系统与所述多个反射式菲涅尔镜片相贴合用以控制所述菲涅尔镜片的温度。
2.如权利要求1所述的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述每一反射式菲涅尔镜片包括一个上表面以及一个与所述上表面相对的下表面，在所述上表面上开设有多个V形槽，所述每个V形槽都具有一定的倾角及弧度。
3.如权利要求2所述的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述V形槽的表面上涂布有一层反射膜。
4.如权利要求2所述的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述反射式菲涅尔镜片的下表面上涂布有一层反射膜。
5.如权利要求4所述的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述反射式菲涅尔镜片的V形槽的表面上镀设有宽带抗反射膜，用以透射紫外光、可见光、至远红外光波段的光线。
6.如权利要求3或4所述的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述反射膜采用Al、Au、Ag，或Al、Au、Ag中任意两种材料或者三种材料组成的混合材料。
7.如权利要求2所述的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述温度控制系统包括一个导管，一个温度感测器以及一个控制器，所述导管布设在所述支撑板上并贴合在反射式菲涅尔镜片的下表面上，所述导管内容置有冷却液，所述温度感测器设置在所述导管上，用以感测所述导管内的冷却液的温度，并将其感测信号传输给所述控制器，所述控制器用以根据所述温度感测器的感测信号控制导管内的冷却液的循环流动。
8.如权利要求2所述的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述温度控制系统包括散热鳍片，所述散热鳍片设置在所述支撑板上并贴合在反射式菲涅尔镜片的下表面上。
9.如权利要求2所述的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述温度控制系统包括热管，所述热管设置在所述支撑板上并贴合在反射式菲涅尔镜片的下表面上。
10.如权利要求8所述的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述温度控制系统还包括风扇，所述风扇设置在所述支撑板上并正对所述散热鳍片。
11.如权利要求9所述的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述温度控制系统还包括风扇，所述风扇设置在所述支撑板上并正对所述热管。
12.如权利要求7至11任意一项所述的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述支撑架包括一个底座，一个设置在所述底座内的转向装置用以根据太阳的不同方位调整所述支撑板的朝向及角度。
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