CN101868717B - The method of the microbial activity that surface is relevant in monitoring process streams - Google Patents
The method of the microbial activity that surface is relevant in monitoring process streams Download PDFInfo
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- CN101868717B CN101868717B CN200880117158.XA CN200880117158A CN101868717B CN 101868717 B CN101868717 B CN 101868717B CN 200880117158 A CN200880117158 A CN 200880117158A CN 101868717 B CN101868717 B CN 101868717B
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- 230000000813 microbial Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 58
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- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 ammonia Nitrile Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- CGMKPKRNUNDACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoyl(dodecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCCCCCCCCCCCN=C(N)N CGMKPKRNUNDACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
Disclose the instrument by measuring the microbial activity that dissolved oxygen is monitored and controlled in process streams and method.
Description
Cross-Reference to Related Applications
The application is that the part of the pending application U.S. serial 11/675,726 that on February 16th, 2007 submits to continues Shen
Please, this pending application is incorporated herein by.
Invention field
The present invention relates to the instrument for monitoring the microbial activity in process streams (process stream) and monitored
The method of the microbial activity of Cheng Liuzhong.
Background
Growth of microorganism in the water system of business can cause becoming sour and surface smut.If growth is not controlled fully
System, then (such as, microorganism can produce peroxidating to the function of the additive that can result in offensive abnormal smells from the patient and weaken that becomes sour
Hydrogen be used for the catalase that highlights and can produce can affect the cellulase of fibre strength).If surface smut does not has
It is adequately controlled, then the biomembrane of generation can interfere with heat exchange, and biomembrane energy in the case of paper manufacturing systems
Enough generation is slowed down manufacture process, is stopped this process to remove the needs of these deposits from surface, or may come off from surface
Thus in the product of the Paper or cardboard made, cause hole or speckle.Therefore, such water is processed to control micro-life with Biocide
Thing grows and prevents relevant issues.
Cause different problems and planktonic bacteria and set thin because becoming sour in industrial water system with biofilm formation
Bacterium is to BIOLOGICAL CONTROL measure response difference, so needing to monitor BIOLOGICAL CONTROL scheme to the growth of microorganism of these different modes
Impact.
The standard technique being generally used to monitor such water system includes the plate count technology of standard.These technology need
The longest incubation period and not for aggressive control and prevent growth of microorganism relevant issues provide sufficient information.?
Closely, the measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been used as the means of a kind of positive control.But, reagent price the highest and
It it is extraction small size sample from big water system.Data acquisition the most infrequently, causes data to be substantially interrupted.Therefore, this side
Method provides the limited information in system interested about microbial status.Additionally, these methods are usually used to prison
Survey planktonic bacteria.Although in some cases, but with wiping and analyze surface so that biofilm bacteria is carried out quantitatively.These sides
Method is the most tediously long and time-consuming.
As it is well known that microbial activity and aerobic metabolism cause the minimizing of dissolved oxygen concentration, dissolved oxygen (DO) has been popped one's head in
It is used to measure the microbial activity in fluid.It is presented to the U.S. Patent No. 5,190,728 and the 5th of Robertson et al.,
No. 282,537 disclose the method and instrument utilizing DO to measure the dirt monitored in commercially available water.But, the method needs use to add
Ensure Liquid usually distinguishes biological and abiotic dirt, and do not mention how to update after detecting head surface is fouling probe for
Further measure.Additionally, disclosed method needs the device of lasting oxygen supply.
The Clark formula electrochemistry DO probe of standard has many limitations, such as: chemical interference (H2S、pH、CO2、NH3、
SO4、Cl-、Cl2、ClO2, MeOH, EtOH and various ionic species), calibration and film are changed, are reacted slowly and drift about frequently
Reading, thermal shock and by the high flow capacity requirement of film.Produced by several companies (such as HACH, Loveland, CO) recently
The novel dissolved oxygen probe of commercially available one almost overcomes all these limitation, so that can carry out DO in process water
Line is measured.This new DO probe (LDO) is to decay based on fluorescence lifetime, and wherein the existence of oxygen shortens the fluorogen that is stimulated
Fluorescence lifetime.Fluorogen is fixed in the film of sensor surface, and uses blue led offer to excite.
The U.S. Patent No. No. 5,698,412 and No. 5,856,119 being presented to Lee et al. discloses for monitoring and controlling
The method of the biologic activity in fluid processed, wherein be united with pH measurement DO with measure metabolism behavior, particularly with battalion
Support the transformation exhausting relevant metabolism behavior of element/substrate.
Demand is still had for monitoring reliably and the easily method of planktonic bacteria and biofilm bacteria in commercially available water, described
Method guarantees that BIOLOGICAL CONTROL program controls to become sour and problematic biomembrane fully.These methods should be without reagent to allow
Represent and the condition of ambient environmental conditions is measured microbial activity (minimum change).These methods should be automatization and
The feedback control remotely or automatically changed of long-range control monitor, remote access data and BIOLOGICAL CONTROL program should be allowed.
It is desirable that these methods will to distinguish microbial activity on surface abundant to guarantee BIOLOGICAL CONTROL program with the activity of overall water
The challenge of the growth faced by ground solution is usual when attempting controlling the microorganism in biomembrane.Additionally, these methods will provide for
About the information of character of deposit (biological or abiotic) to guarantee to apply suitable control measure.
Summary of the invention
Present invention provide for measuring the instrument of the microbial activity in process streams, this instrument includes: (a) comprises multiple
The flow cell of opening, at least one of which opening is the flow cell entrance for the fluid sucked from described process streams, and
At least one opening is the flow cell outlet leaving described flow cell for fluid；B DO that () is connected with one of described opening visits
Head；C ORP probe that () is optionally connected with one of described opening；D cleaning device that () is connected with one of described opening；E () appoints
The first conduit that selection of land is connected with flow cell entrance；F () optionally exports, with flow cell, the second conduit being connected；(g) optional
The valve that ground is associated with described flow cell.
Present invention also offers for monitoring the method for the microbial activity of overall (total) water, the method bag in process streams
Including: instrument is connected by (a) with process streams, wherein said instrument includes the flow cell comprising multiple opening, at least one of which
Opening is the flow cell entrance of the fluid for sucking from described process streams, and at least one opening is to leave institute for fluid
State the flow cell outlet of flow cell, the DO being connected with one of described opening probe, the ORP being optionally connected with one of described opening
Probe, the cleaning device being optionally connected with one of described opening, the first conduit being optionally connected with described flow cell entrance,
The second conduit being connected, and the valve being optionally associated optionally is exported with described flow cell with described flow cell；(b) from institute
State and process streams sucks fluid in described flow cell；C () opens the valve of described instrument so that fluid is inhaled into described circulation
Chi Zhong；(d) by the DO concentration of process streams described in described DO probe measurement at least one times, and the most before every measurement to DO
The surface of probe is cleaned；E () closes the valve of described instrument to prevent fluid to be inhaled in described flow cell；F () uses institute
State the DO concentration of the fluid of instrument internal described in DO probe measurement at least one times, and the most before every measurement DO is popped one's head in
Surface be cleaned；Δ DO reading between (g) calculation procedure (d) and step (f)；And (h) by step (g) at least
Described Δ DO value (total) activity overall with the microorganism in described process streams is associated.
Present invention also offers for monitoring the method for the microbial activity that surface is relevant in process streams, the method includes:
A instrument is connected by () with process streams, wherein said instrument includes the flow cell comprising multiple opening, at least one of which opening
It is the flow cell entrance of fluid for sucking from described process streams, and at least one opening is to leave described stream for fluid
The flow cell outlet in logical pond, the DO being connected with one of described opening probe, the ORP being optionally connected with one of described opening visits
Head, the cleaning device being optionally connected with one of described opening, the first conduit being optionally connected with described flow cell entrance, appoint
Selection of land exports the second conduit being connected, and the valve being optionally associated with described flow cell with described flow cell；B () is from described
Process streams sucks fluid in described flow cell；C () opens the valve of described instrument so that fluid is inhaled into described flow cell
In；D () is by the DO concentration of process streams described in described DO probe measurement at least one times, and the most unclean
DO pops one's head in；E surface that described DO is popped one's head in by () is cleaned；F () is with the fluid of instrument internal described in described DO probe measurement
At least one times, and the surface popped one's head in described DO the most before every measurement is cleaned DO concentration；G () calculates
Δ DO reading between step (d) and step (f)；And (h) is by relevant to surface for the most described Δ DO in step (g) micro-
Biological activity is associated.
Present invention also offers the side of overall (total) microbial activity of monitoring microbial activity both relevant with surface
Method.
Accompanying drawing is sketched
Fig. 1 shows the sketch of the instrument comprising flow cell, DO probe, cleaning device and optionally ORP probe.
Fig. 2 illustrates the sketch of the instrument in the back plate being arranged in involucrum, wherein this instrument comprises flow cell, DO pops one's head in,
ORP pops one's head in, has the cleaning device of wiper solenoid (wiper solenoid), the first conduit, the second conduit and valve.
Fig. 3 illustrates the sketch of the instrument comprising DO probe, ORP probe and cleaning device.
Fig. 4 illustrates and comprises flow cell, ORP probe, DO probe and the cleaner comprising wiper blade (wiper blade)
The sketch of the instrument of part.
Fig. 5 illustrates flow cell and for increasing the sketch of the parts of surface area.
Fig. 6 is shown in the data relevant with overall (total) microbial activity and surface smut that paper mill gathers.
Fig. 7 is shown in the data relevant with overall (total) microbial activity and surface smut that paper mill gathers.
Fig. 8 illustrates the flow chart of the microbial activity being correlated with in the overall microbial activity of monitoring and/or surface.
Fig. 9 illustrates an embodiment of claimed invention, wherein has and DO probe, ORP probe and cleaning
The flow cell that device is associated.
Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment of claimed invention, wherein has OFM and pops one's head in DO probe, ORP
The flow cell being associated with cleaning device.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The definition of term:
" DO " represents dissolved oxygen.
" DO probe " includes any kind of probe that can measure dissolved oxygen.Preferably, DO probe is a kind of luminescence
Dissolved oxygen probe.
" LDO " represents luminous dissolved oxygen.LDO probe measures dissolved oxygen based on fluorescence lifetime decay, wherein the depositing of oxygen
In the fluorescence lifetime shortening the fluorogen being stimulated.Fluorogen is fixed in the film of sensor surface, and uses blueness
LED (light emitting diode) provides and excites.LDO probe is purchased from Hach Company, Loveland, CO.This probe is generally of
The sensor head measured.
" ORP " represents Eo+.ORP probe is purchased from Walchem Corporation, Holliston, MA.
" REDOX " refers to oxidation-reduction state.
" OFM " represents optics Fouling Monitoring device.May utilize any applicable optics for particular procedure to be monitored dirty
Dirt.This includes any general deposition monitor, such as quartz crystal microbalance.
" valve " refers to any device of fluid circulation.
" cleaning device " is that one or more that can clean surface such as DO detecting head surface and/or ORP detecting head surface are appointed
What device.
" process streams " includes any fluid in industrial process, such as take from conduit in paper-making process fluid and from
The fluid of the head box in paper-making process.
Preferred embodiment:
Microbial activity in process streams can be measured, because dissolved oxygen depletion is direct indirectly by monitoring dissolved oxygen depletion
Relevant to the amount of the ATP that cell produces under the conditions of aerobic respiration, and the amount of the ATP of cell generation can be with described process streams
Middle microbial activity level is associated.Heretofore described method is not suitable for the process streams with low-level DO, Qi Zhongyou
It is not the main path that in microbial cell, energy produces that oxygen is breathed.
The DO measured value gathered from this process streams is converted to by the value that should use the pressure of process streams, temperature and salinity
Saturation percentage ratio.This contributes to the data normalization of Kernel-based methods fluctuation in these parameters.Temperature correction is even more important, because of
Temperature for analyzed process streams will decline 1-10 degree Celsius during arrheaing state, and this generation is no longer inhaled at fluid
Time in flow cell.
In order to strengthen integrity relevant between dissolved oxygen depletion to microbial activity, the REDOX state of process streams is necessary
It is oxidation, in order to the consumption of oxygen is not the result of chemical oxidation of gold.The factor of such as pH is by the REDOX shape of influence process water
State.Under high ph conditions, such as there is the process water of the pH more than 9.5, it is possible to cause the oxygen of organic material in process fluid
Change, even under the conditions of the REDOX improved.
It is therefore preferred that the ORP of process streams should be measured together with DO concentration, to guarantee dissolved oxygen depletion master
Will relevant to microbial activity and with process streams chemistry be correlated with.
A.Instrument
Develop a kind of instrument and measure the dissolved oxygen in process streams practically.Other analysis devices can be tied with this instrument
Closing, described other analysis devices such as ORP pops one's head in.
As it is shown in figure 1, this instrument includes (1) flow cell；(2) DO probe；Optionally (3) ORP pops one's head in；(7) cleaning device.
Should have multiple opening by (1) flow cell.These openings are used for allowing fluid flow (1) flow cell.The size of opening and
Shape can change；Especially, it is contemplated that the type of process streams.
Fig. 3 illustrates that (1) flow cell includes that (13) entrance and (14) export.The diameter of opening should have enough sizes with
Make fluid flow readily through (1) flow cell from process streams, and prevent the blocking of (1) flow cell and (2) DO from popping one's head in and (3)
The abiotic dirt of ORP detecting head surface.Therefore, the diameter of (1) flow cell will depend upon which the class of many factor, such as process streams
Type.
Flow cell opening also be used for make various device such as (2) DO probe, (3) ORP probe and/or (7) cleaning device with
Flow cell is connected, in order to can carry out one or more measurements of process streams.Other instruments such as pH meter can be combined with flow cell.
Especially, (2) DO probe and/or (3) ORP probe connect with (1) flow cell.
In one embodiment, (2) DO probe is connected with flow cell with (3) ORP.Described probe can be general with this area
Logical various modes known to the skilled person are connected with one of (1) flow cell opening.Connection can by any kind of fastening and/or
Fixing device or the like and occur.Such as, element can be installed on (1) flow cell, and pop one's head in/device can be inserted into
By this element and be locked into place.
As it is shown on figure 3, described probe flushes with (1) circulation pool wall.
In one embodiment, extending at least partially that described (2) DO probe and optionally (3) ORP pop one's head in is described
In flow cell.
In another embodiment, (2) DO probe includes DO sensor head, at least the one of wherein said DO sensor head
Part extend in described flow cell, and optionally, wherein said (3) ORP pops one's head in and includes ORP sensor head, and wherein
Extending at least partially in described flow cell of described ORP sensor head.
In another embodiment, described probe should be positioned as follows: its mode must not be blocked significantly
Fluid flows through (1) flow cell.
In another embodiment, (2) DO probe and (3) ORP probe are placed in opposite each other.
Fig. 2 illustrates other features of this instrument.More specifically, Fig. 2 illustrates (4) first conduits and (4) first conduit phases
Association (6) valve be associated with (4) first conduits (15) drain pipe, (1) flow cell, (2) DO probe, (3) ORP probe,
(7) cleaning device is connected with described (7) cleaning device (9) solenoid and (5) second conduits.
(4) first conduits and (5) second conduits and the one or more openings in described (1) flow cell and process streams
Shell is connected.Connection can be occurred by various modes well known by persons skilled in the art.Such as, (4) first conduits can be used
Pipe is transported in process streams.
(4) first conduits are used for transmitting fluid and/or transfering fluid to (1) flow cell and/or other instruments from process streams
Such as in OFM.Can be with promoting that any mode that fluid flows to the motion of (1) flow cell from process arranges (4) first conduits.Example
As, machinery based on gravity or energy such as pump, it is possible to fluid is drawn into from process streams the instrument including (1) flow cell
In.
In another embodiment, drain pipe (15) can be associated with (4) first conduits prevent block/limit stream
Enter in process streams.
(5) second conduits are used as to flow through the passing away of the fluid of (1) flow cell, and also serve as preservation from process streams
The bin of fluid.Especially, the second conduit (5) can be by space orientation, so that when monitoring is when arrheaing under state,
(1) flow cell keeps fluids in and is used for analyzing inside (1) flow cell.Such as, (5) second conduits are located such that gravitation energy
Enough fluid is saved in inside (1) flow cell.
In another embodiment, (5) second conduits can function as drain pipe.
(6) valve is associated with (1) flow cell.Specifically, (6) valve is in the way of realizing its desired function and (1)
Flow cell connects.One or more (6) valve controls/regulates and controls fluid and flows into (1) flow cell from process streams.
In one embodiment, (6) valve is connected with flow cell by (4) first conduits.Specifically, (6) valve is with such as
Under type is integrated mutually with (4) first conduits/is connected: flowing can be limited in closed mode and when (6) valve is in by its mode
Flowing is allowed during open mode.
In another embodiment, during one or more (6) controllable fluids flow into OFM and/or (1) flow cell.
In another embodiment, the diameter of (6) valve must be sufficient to not hinder the process water containing high solid
Flowing.
In another embodiment, (6) valve is also prevented from fluid and leaves (1) flow cell or (5) second conduits, in order to
Reading can be carried out under flow regime closing.
In another embodiment, the diameter of (6) valve is at least 1 inch.
In another embodiment, (6) valve is ball valve.
In another embodiment, (6) valve with manually, electrically or pneumatic mode drive.
In another embodiment, ball (6) valve with manually, electrically or pneumatic mode drive.
Fig. 2 with Fig. 4 illustrates that (7) cleaning device can be connected with one of opening of (1) flow cell.Cleaning device is used for cleaning
(2) DO probe and/or the surface both (3) ORP detecting head surface, and the location of this device should be so to realize this merit
Energy.(7) cleanable other devices being associated with (1) flow cell of cleaning device.
In one embodiment, (7) cleaning device moves back and forth in (1) flow cell region.
In another embodiment, (7) cleaning device can move back and forth in the region of (1) flow cell, to clean one
Individual or multiple device/probes, such as (2) DO probe, (3) ORP probe or the other kinds of analysis can being associated with (1) flow cell
Equipment.
In another embodiment, (7) cleaning device includes (8) wiper blade or brush.
In another embodiment, (7) cleaning device is by (9) wiper solenoid-activated.(9) solenoid receive from
The instruction of controller, this controller is with indicating when that cleaning and the most uncleanly logic are programmed.
As shown in Figure 4, to lay (8) wiper blade relative to (2) DO probe and the most vertical direction of (3) ORP probe
In (1), flow cell moves back and forth.
Add one or more (11) baffle plate to (1) flow cell and can increase the area of (1) flow cell.Fig. 5 illustrates one
The flow cell improved.Specifically, these parts are connected with flow cell and these parts include more than one baffle plate.These parts can
It is connected with flow cell in every way.Can utilize by similar fashion and can increase other objects of surface area.
In one embodiment, (10) parts are fixed on (1) flow cell by (12) adapter.These parts have and connect
(15) component entry receiving the stream from described process streams and the outlet being connected with flow cell.
In one embodiment, (4) first conduits are connected with (10) parts rather than are directly connected with (1) flow cell.
In another embodiment, (10) parts have one or more (11) baffle plate.
The microbial activity or a combination thereof that the overall microbial activity of water monitored by described instrument, be correlated with in surface can be assembled.
B.Overall microbial activity in monitoring process streams
A kind of method disclosing entirety (total) microbial activity monitored in process streams.Overall (total) microorganism is lived
Property refers to the microbial activity in overall process stream, the such as plankton in process streams and microbe from adhering.
The overall microbial activity of process streams is to determine by measuring the DO concentration of this process streams.Other parameters can be together with
This analysis is utilized together.More specifically, the method comprises the following steps: instrument is connected by (a) with process streams, Qi Zhongsuo
Stating instrument and include comprising the flow cell of multiple opening, at least one of which opening is the fluid for sucking from described process streams
Flow cell entrance, and at least one opening be for fluid leave described flow cell flow cell outlet, with described opening it
The DO probe that one is connected, the ORP being optionally connected with one of described opening probe is optionally clear with what one of described opening was connected
Clean device, the first conduit being optionally connected with described flow cell entrance, optionally export, with described flow cell, second be connected
Conduit, and the valve being optionally associated with described flow cell；B () sucks fluid to described flow cell from described process streams
In；C () opens the valve of described instrument so that fluid is inhaled in described flow cell；D () is by mistake described in described DO probe measurement
The DO concentration of journey stream at least one times, and cleans the surface of described DO probe the most before every measurement；E () closes described instrument
The valve of device is inhaled in described flow cell preventing fluid；F () is with the fluid of instrument internal described in described DO probe measurement
At least one times, and the surface popped one's head in described DO the most before every measurement is cleaned DO concentration；(g) calculation procedure
Δ DO reading between (d) and step (f)；And (h) is by the most described Δ DO value in step (g) and described process streams
Overall (total) microbial activity is associated.
This method can be applied to various types of process streams.
In one embodiment, process streams is from the process selected from group consisting of: paper-making process；Cooling water mistake
Journey；Foods or drinks process；With process based on amusement.
The microbial activity of overall water is to open stream mode by observation and arrhea the change (Δ DO) of DO concentration between state
And measure.Other parameters can be utilized together with this analysis.More specifically, can determine that disappearing of DO by observation Δ DO
Consumption rate.Then the consumption rate of DO can be associated with the microbial activity in described process streams, but when measuring together with DO
Measure integrity relevant during ORP more preferable, because when the REDOX state of the fluid of this process streams is not oxidation, DO measures can
Can be impacted.
When the fluid of process streams can be by flow cell and the analytical equipment being connected with this flow cell, particularly
When the DO probe measurement of the DO concentration measuring this fluid, open stream mode and occur.
Arrhea state to refer to the when that the fluid of process streams can not entering back into flow cell.Under arrheaing state, fluid is protected
Hold in flow cell and the DO concentration of flow cell this fluid of monitoring.
Under opening stream mode, as in step (d), it should the DO concentration of the fluid measuring process streams continues the enough time
So that the accurate reading of the DO concentration of this process streams can be obtained.This can obtain a reading or more reading.This area is common
Technical staff need not too much experiment and will can determine, obtains the reading number of times that exact process stream reading will be taked, and obtains
The one or more reading time interval will taked to exact process stream reading.
Under arrheaing state, as in step (f), it should through foot before in flow cell, the first time DO of fluid measures
The time of amount, to guarantee that one or more microbial species in described fluid will have enough time and consume in described fluid
Dissolved oxygen.This time period can change and it depends on what one or more factors, described factor can include monitoring
Procedural type and the effectiveness of microorganism program used before implementing the method for the invention.Such as, in paper industry, as
Really process water is by microorganism severe contamination, then microbial consumption DO may spend less time.The type of microorganism is (such as
Fungus or filamentous bacteria) it is likely to affect speed and the degree that DO consumes.
In one embodiment, under opening stream mode with arrhea the measurement carried out under state and enter in identical time interval
OK.In still another embodiment, under opening stream mode with arrhea carry out under state measure with the identical time period and in phase
Same time interval is carried out.
Can continuously, intermittently or disposably monitor process streams.Monitoring provides real-time status so that can be in mistake continuously
Cheng Liuzhong easily detecting system fault.
Δ DO can be calculated in various manners.
In one embodiment, during the solid stream of water period, (open stream mode) by acquirement to be stopped by pass valve closing with working as
The only maximum measure of the change entirety microbial activity arrheaing the DO concentration that state is compared during process water.In other words, based on step
D the DO concentration maximum change of the reading of () and step (f) is used for calculating Δ DO.
In another embodiment, Δ DO value be by obtain from step (d) average DO measurement result and from
The minimum DO level of step (f) and determine.
In another embodiment, Δ DO value is by obtaining from the highest measurement result of step (d) with from step
Suddenly the minimum DO level of (f) and determine.
In another embodiment, Δ DO value is by obtaining from the last measurement result of step (d) with from step
Suddenly the minimum DO level of (f) and determine.
In another embodiment, persistent period and the measurement interval of the measurement of step (d) and step (f) is identical
's.
In still another embodiment, the persistent period of the measurement of step (d) and step (f) can be about being to arrive for 5 minutes
240 minutes.
In further embodiment, the persistent period is 30 minutes, and with phase during step (d) and step (f)
Deng interval record 5 measurement results.
In further embodiment, by after clean for surface wipes through 30 seconds, in step (d) and step (f), record is surveyed
Value.
The ORP of process streams can be measured together with the DO concentration of process streams.
In one embodiment, the method also includes the ORP in measuring process (d) and step (f) at least one times, and
Cleaning ORP detecting head surface before every measurement.
In another embodiment, if ORP value drops to below predeterminated level, one or more oxidants can be added
Enter in process streams.
In another embodiment, if one or more ORP measurement result drops to below predeterminated level, then even
It is not included in the Δ DO calculated with the DO measurement result that ORP measurement result is the most measured.More specifically, by getting rid of
These measurement results, process operator can preferably judge that DO consumption is relevant to microbial activity or fluidizes with process
Learn relevant.
In another embodiment, if predeterminated level is less than about 100mV, then DO measurement result is excluded, because
When ORP is in this scope, this state is frequently not oxidation, and the consumption of dissolved oxygen may be with the chemical bar in process streams
Part is relevant.
Total (overall) microorganism level in much different approach response process stream can be taked.
In one embodiment, if total (overall) microorganism level is the highest or run well in the process of being considered
Predeterminated level on, then scheme include add effective dose Biocide so that microorganism level returns to level of hope.
Biocide can be oxidisability and/or non-oxidizing.
For paper-making process, Biocide is selected from the group consisted of: isothiazoline；Glutaraldehyde；Dibromo nitrilo-
Propionic acid amide.；Carbamate；Quaternary ammonium compound；Sodium hypochlorite；Chlorine dioxide；Peracetic acid；Ozone；Chloramines；StabrexTM(bromo-
Sulfamate)；Bromo-chloro-dimethyl hydantoin；Dichloro-dimethyl hydantoin；Monochloramine；Join with ammonium salt and stabilizer
Close the sodium hypochlorite being used together, and combinations thereof；Wherein said stabilizer include dimethyl hydantoin, aminoacid,
Cyanuric acid, butanimide and urea.
One or more controllers can be used to implement the response of microbial activity level in process streams.More specifically and
Speech, can be programmed controller receiving from process streams, the data of such as DO probe, based on being input to controller (such as
Program logic controller) in logical calculated Δ DO, and according to this Δ DO implement response, described response includes operations, example
As driven, Biocide or sediment monitoring polymer feed are entered the pump in process streams.
In one embodiment, controller is network.
In another embodiment, controller can with following at least one communicate: ORP probe, DO probe, cleaner
Part, valve or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, controller receives the input signal popped one's head in from described DO, and is implemented in described control
The hope scheme of programming in device processed.
In another embodiment, controller is controller system." controller system " and similar terms refer to craft
Operator or there is the electronic device of following assembly: such as processor, memory device, cathode ray tube, liquid crystal display, etc.
Ion display, touch screen or other monitors, and/or other assemblies.In some cases, operable controller is used for integrating
One or more special integrated circuits, program or algorithm, one or more hard wires device and/or one or more machinery
Device.The function of part or all of controller system may be at the center such as webserver, and it is for through local
The connection of network, Wide Area Network, wireless network, the Internet, microwave link, infrared link and the like communicate.In addition, it may include its
His assembly such as signal conditioner or system monitor is to promote signal processing algorithm.
In another embodiment, it is desirable to scheme will be to responsible monitoring process streams and the operator of processing procedure stream
Or Crinis Carbonisatus goes out alarm.
In another embodiment, it is desirable to if scheme include that described Δ DO reaches predeterminated level; add in process streams
Enter effective dose Biocide.Biocide can be oxidisability and/or non-oxidizing.
Optics Fouling Monitoring device (OFM) can be used together to determine the deposit occurred in process streams together with described flow cell
Character/the source of accumulation.
In one embodiment, the method for the present invention also includes providing the optics dirt prison being connected with described process streams
Survey device；Fluid is sucked in described optics Fouling Monitoring device from described process streams；Deposit is measured with optics Fouling Monitoring device
Formation；By the deposit in optics Fouling Monitoring device is formed and the described micro-life determined by the Δ DO in described process streams
Thing activity is associated and determines the type of deposit；Optionally the controller being connected of popping one's head in described OFM and at least DO is entered
Row programming, in order to add one or more chemical substances in described process streams as to the formation of described deposit and microorganism
The response of the relatedness between activity.
In still another embodiment, if the deposit that the instruction of described relatedness is formed on optics dirt is substantially
Microbes, the most described chemical substance includes Biocide.Such as, if there is deposition and Δ DO height on OFM, then
Biocide is joined and described process streams prevents from the formation of deposit and reduces the microbial activity of process streams being one
Operating process.Biocide can be oxidisability and/or non-oxidizing.
In still another embodiment, if the formation that described relatedness indicates described deposition is not microbes, then
Described chemical substance is sediment monitoring chemicals.Such as, if existence deposition and Δ DO are low on OFM, then will deposition
Thing controls chemicals and joins that to prevent the formation of deposit in process streams be an operating process.There are those skilled in the art
Known various types of sediment monitoring chemicals；Such as, there is anti-Colophonium agent (anti-pitch agent) and deposit
Controlling polymer, described anti-Colophonium agent contributes to preventing the formation of deposit during paper-making process.
C.The microbial activity being correlated with in surface in monitoring process streams
The microbial activity that surface is relevant refers to surface microorganism, the most biomembranous microbial activity.
The microbial activity that the surface of process streams is relevant is to determine by measuring the DO concentration of this process streams.Other parameters
Can be utilized together with this analysis.More specifically, the method opinion comprises the following steps: (a) is by instrument and process streams phase
Connecting, wherein said instrument includes the flow cell comprising multiple opening, and at least one of which opening is for from described process streams
The flow cell entrance of fluid sucked, and at least one opening is the flow cell outlet leaving described flow cell for fluid,
The DO probe being connected with one of described opening, the ORP being optionally connected with one of described opening probe, optionally with described opening
One of be connected cleaning device, the first conduit being optionally connected with described flow cell entrance, optionally go out with described flow cell
The second conduit that mouth is connected, and the valve being optionally associated with described flow cell；(b) suck from described process streams fluid to
In described flow cell；C () opens the valve of described instrument so that fluid is inhaled in described flow cell；D () is popped one's head in described DO
Measure the DO concentration of described process streams at least one times, and the most unclean described DO probe；E () is cleaned
The surface of described DO probe；F () by the DO concentration of the fluid of instrument internal described in described DO probe measurement at least one times, and appoints
The surface that described DO is popped one's head in by selection of land the most before every measurement is cleaned；Between (g) calculation procedure (d) and step (f)
Δ DO reading；And the most described biological activity relevant to surface for Δ DO in step (g) is associated by (h).
This methodology can be applied to various types of process streams.
In one embodiment, process streams is from the process selected from group consisting of: paper-making process；Cooling water mistake
Journey；Foods or drinks process；With process based on amusement.
By before wiping during opening stream mode with and then wiping after the difference of DO measurement result that obtains calculate
Biomembrane activity.Other parameters can be utilized together with this analysis.When together with DO measure measure ORP time, Δ DO with
The integrity that biomembrane activity is relevant is more preferable, because DO measures possible when the REDOX state of the fluid of process streams is not oxidation
Impacted.
When the fluid of process streams can pass through flow cell, and the analytical equipment being connected with this flow cell, particularly
When the DO probe measurement of the DO concentration measuring this fluid, open stream mode and occur.
Under opening stream mode, such as in step (d) and step (f), before measuring DO should through the enough time, with
Just accumulate if there is biomembrane, then occur biomembrane to accumulate by having the enough time.This time period can be with various
Factor and change, including the procedural type monitored with implement the present microorganism program commonly used before this methodology
Effectiveness.Such as, in paper industry, if process water is by microorganism severe contamination, then microbial consumption DO may flower
Take less time.The type (such as fungus or filamentous bacteria) of microorganism is likely to affect speed and the degree that DO consumes.
In one embodiment, carry out out at the same time under stream mode and arrhea and carried out under state
Measure.In still another embodiment, under opening stream mode with arrhea carry out under state measure with the identical time period and
Identical time interval is carried out.
Can continuously, intermittently or disposably monitor process streams.Continuously monitoring provides real-time status so that can be
Easily detecting system fault in process streams.
Δ DO can be calculated in various manners.
In one embodiment, Δ DO value is by obtaining from the minimum measurement result of step (d) with from step
The average DO measurement result of (f) and determine.
In another embodiment, Δ DO value is by obtaining from the minimum measurement result of step (d) with from step
Suddenly the highest DO level of (f) and determine.
In another embodiment, Δ DO value is by obtaining from the last measurement result of step (d) with from step
Suddenly the highest DO level of (f) and determine.
In another embodiment, during selected time interval, make DO measure and record 5 times, wherein flow
It is continuous print, but probe was not cleaned with wiper blade before any these are measured.
In another embodiment, expire previous minute in selected time interval, probe is cleaned, makes two
Secondary continuous print is measured and carries out record.
The ORP of process streams can be measured together with the DO concentration of process streams.
In one embodiment, the method also includes the ORP in measuring process (d) and step (f) at least one times, and
Before every measurement cleaning ORP detecting head surface, wherein ORP probe in step (d) not by wiped clean, and optionally its
Described in ORP probe in step (f) by wiped clean.Optionally, if ORP value drop to below predeterminated level can be by one
Or multiple oxidant joins in process streams.
In another embodiment, if described ORP measurement result drops to below predeterminated level, then use calculating
In determining, the Δ DO of microbial activity of process streams may not including, the DO together with ORP measurement result is measured measures knot
Really.More specifically, by getting rid of these measurement results, process operator can preferably judge that DO concentration is and microorganism
Activity relevant or to or process streams chemistry relevant.
In another embodiment, if predeterminated level is less than about 100mV, then DO measurement result is excluded, because
When ORP is in this scope, this state is frequently not oxidation, and the consumption of dissolved oxygen may be with the chemistry in process streams
Condition is relevant.
In another embodiment, DO probe, ORP are popped one's head in or its group by the cleaning device by comprising wiper blade
Conjunction is cleaned.
In another embodiment, wiper blade is by the surface wipes twice of one or more probes.
Many different approach can be taked to carry out the microorganism level that the surface in response process stream is relevant.
In one embodiment, if surface relevant microorganism level is high or run well in the process of being considered
On predeterminated level, then scheme includes that the Biocide adding effective dose is so that microorganism level returns to level of hope.
Biocide can be oxidisability and/or non-oxidizing.
For paper-making process, Biocide is selected from the group consisted of: isothiazoline；Glutaraldehyde；Dibromo nitrilo-
Propionic acid amide.；Carbamate；Quaternary ammonium compound；Sodium hypochlorite；Chlorine dioxide；Peracetic acid；Ozone；Chloramines；StabrexTM(bromo-
Sulfamate)；Bromo-chloro-dimethyl hydantoin；Dichloro-dimethyl hydantoin；Monochloramine；Join with ammonium salt and stabilizer
Close the sodium hypochlorite being used together；And combinations thereof, described stabilizer includes that dimethyl hydantoin, aminoacid, cyanogen are urinated
Acid, butanimide and urea.
One or more controllers can be used to implement the response of microbial activity level in process streams.More specifically and
Speech, can be programmed controller receiving from process streams, the data of such as DO probe, based on being input to controller (such as
Program logic controller) in logical calculated Δ DO, and according to this Δ DO implement response, described response includes operations, example
As driven, Biocide is added the pump in process streams.
In one embodiment, controller is network.
In another embodiment, controller can with following at least one communicate: ORP probe, DO probe, cleaner
Part, valve or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, controller receives the input signal popped one's head in from described DO and is implemented in described control
The desired scheme of programming in device.
In another embodiment, controller is a controller system." controller system " and similar terms refer to
Either manual operator or there is the electronic device of following assembly: such as processor, memory device, cathode ray tube, liquid crystal display
Device, plasma display, touch screen or other monitors and/or other assemblies.In some cases, operable controller is used
In integrating one or more special integrated circuits, program or algorithm, one or more hard wires device and/or one or many
Individual mechanical devices.The function of part or all of controller system may be at the center such as webserver, and it is used for
Communicate through LAN, Wide Area Network, wireless network, the Internet connection, microwave link, infrared link and the like.Additionally, can
Including other assemblies such as signal conditioner or system monitor to promote signal processing algorithm.
In another embodiment, it is desirable to scheme will be to responsible monitoring process streams and the operator of processing procedure stream
Or people's activating alarm.
In another embodiment, it is desirable to if scheme include that described Δ DO reaches predeterminated level; add in process streams
Enter the Biocide of effective dose.Biocide can be oxidisability and/or non-oxidizing.
Optics Fouling Monitoring device (OFM) can be used together to determine the deposit occurred in process streams together with described flow cell
Character/the source of accumulation.
In one embodiment, the method for the present invention also includes providing the optics dirt prison being connected with described process streams
Survey device；Fluid is sucked in described optics Fouling Monitoring device from described process streams；Deposit is measured with optics Fouling Monitoring device
Formation；By the deposit in optics Fouling Monitoring device is formed and the described micro-life determined by the Δ DO in described process streams
Thing activity is associated and determines the type of deposit；Optionally the controller being connected of popping one's head in described OFM and at least DO is entered
Row programming, in order to add one or more chemical substances in described process streams as to the formation of described deposit and microorganism
The response of the relatedness between activity.
In still another embodiment, if the deposit that described relatedness instruction optics dirt is formed is substantially micro-life
Physical property, the most described chemical substance includes Biocide.Such as, if there is deposition and Δ DO height on OFM, then will kill
Biological agent joins and prevents from the formation of deposit in described process streams and reduce the microbial activity of process streams being an operation
Process.Biocide can be oxidisability and/or non-oxidizing.
In still another embodiment, if the formation that described relatedness indicates described deposition is not microbes, that
Described chemical substance is sediment monitoring chemicals.Such as, if existence deposition and Δ DO are low on OFM, then will be heavy
Long-pending thing controls chemicals and joins that to prevent the formation of deposit in process streams be an operating process.There is people in the art
The known various types of sediment monitoring chemicals of member；Such as, there is anti-Colophonium agent and sediment monitoring polymer, described anti-
Colophonium agent contributes to preventing the formation of deposit during paper-making process.
D.Monitor the microbial activity that the entirety in process streams is relevant with surface
Overall microbial activity can be monitored together with the microbial activity that surface is relevant.Entirety in a kind of measurement process streams
The method of the microbial activity that microbial activity is relevant with surface, the method includes: instrument is connected by (a) with described process streams
Connecing, wherein said instrument includes the flow cell comprising multiple opening, and at least one of which opening is for inhaling from described process streams
The flow cell entrance of the fluid entered, and at least one opening be for fluid leave described flow cell flow cell outlet, with
The DO probe that one of described opening is connected, the ORP that is optionally connected with one of described opening pops one's head in, optionally with described opening it
One cleaning device being connected, the first conduit being optionally connected with described flow cell entrance, optionally export with described flow cell
The second conduit being connected, and the valve being optionally associated with described flow cell；B () sucks fluid to institute from described process streams
State in flow cell；C () opens the valve of described instrument so that fluid is inhaled in described flow cell；D () surveys with described DO probe
Measure the DO concentration of described process streams at least one times, described DO probe is not cleaned；(e) to institute
The surface stating DO probe is cleaned；(f) by the DO concentration of the fluid of instrument internal described in described DO probe measurement at least one times,
The surface popped one's head in described DO the most before every measurement is cleaned；G () closes the valve of described instrument to prevent
Fluid is inhaled in described flow cell；H () is by the DO concentration at least one of the fluid of instrument internal described in described DO probe measurement
Secondary, the surface popped one's head in described DO the most before every measurement is cleaned；Between (i) calculation procedure (f) and step (h)
Δ DO reading, and the most described Δ DO is associated with the described overall microbial activity in described process streams；And (j) meter
Calculate the Δ DO reading between step (d) and step (f), and by the most described Δ DO and the described surface phase in described process streams
The microbial activity closed is associated.
In another embodiment, monitoring is set up so that operator can be at overall microbial activity (normal mode
Formula) switch/conversion between the activity (biomembrane pattern) relevant to surface.Fig. 8 passes through flowchart illustration one of this mechanism
Embodiment.
In another embodiment, the ORP during the method also includes measuring process (d), step (f) and step (h) is extremely
Few once wherein ORP pops one's head in step (d) not by wiped clean, and the most wherein said ORP pops one's head in step (f)
By wiped clean, and wherein said ORP pops one's head in step (h) by wiped clean；If ORP value drop to predeterminated level with
Under, optionally one or more oxidants are joined in described process streams；And if described ORP value drops to predeterminated level
Hereinafter, optionally in calculating described Δ DO, described DO measurement result is not used.
In another embodiment, it is also possible to the deposit monitoring process streams together with this method is formed.More
For body, the method for the present invention also includes providing the optics Fouling Monitoring device being connected with described process streams；From described process streams
Middle suction fluid is in described optics Fouling Monitoring device；The formation of deposit is measured with described optics Fouling Monitoring device；By inciting somebody to action
Deposit in described optics Fouling Monitoring device is formed and the described microbial activity phase determined by the Δ DO in described process streams
Association determines the type of deposit；Optionally controller is programmed, in order to add a kind of or many in described process streams
Plant the chemical substance response as the described relatedness between formation and the microbial activity to described deposition.
E. other embodiments
Additionally, present disclose provides the method for the microbial activity that surface is relevant, the party in monitoring and control process streams
Method includes: instrument is connected by (a) with process streams, and wherein said instrument includes the flow cell comprising multiple opening, at least a part of which
One opening is the flow cell entrance of the fluid for sucking from described process streams, and at least one opening with then fluid from
Open the flow cell outlet of described flow cell, the DO being connected with one of described opening probe, be optionally connected with one of described opening
ORP probe, the cleaning device being optionally connected with one of described opening, first be optionally connected with described flow cell entrance
Conduit, optionally exports the second conduit being connected, and the valve being optionally associated with described flow cell with described flow cell；
B () sucks fluid in described flow cell from described process streams；C () opens the valve of described instrument so that fluid is inhaled into institute
State in flow cell；(d) by the DO concentration of process streams described in described DO probe measurement at least one times, and wherein in every time measurement
Front unclean described DO probe；E () cleans the surface of described DO probe；F () is by instrument internal described in described DO probe measurement
At least one times, and the surface popped one's head in described DO the most before every measurement is cleaned the DO concentration of fluid；
Δ DO reading between (g) calculation procedure (d) and step (f)；H () is by relevant to surface for the most described Δ DO in step (g)
Biological activity be associated；And (i) is by the following amount controlling described microbial activity: one or more oxidisability will be comprised
The process of the effective dose of Biocide joins in process streams, and/or will comprise one or more Non-oxidizing biocides, appoint
The place of the effective dose of choosing and the mixture containing n-hydrogen (n-hydrogen) compound, oxidizing biocide and optional buffer
Reason joins in process streams.
In another embodiment, during Non-oxidizing biocides is then added to described mixture.
In another embodiment, spunlacing method (hydroentangling non-woven) process streams is
Make a part for the process of fiberglass packing.
In another embodiment, spunlacing method process is used to make fiberglass packing.
In another embodiment, n-hydrogen compound include following at least one: ammonium salt, ammonium sulfate, ammonium acetate, carbonic acid
Hydrogen ammonium, ammonium bromide, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium citrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium oxalate, Ammonium persulfate., ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, sulphuric acid
Ferrum ammonium and Ferrous ammonium sulfate.
In another embodiment, n-hydrogen compound include following at least one: butanimide, cyanamide, dicyandiamide,
Tripolycyanamide, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, trien, dibutyl amine, tri-n-butylamine, glutamine,
Diphenylamines, hydrazine, urea, thiourea, N-methylurea, acetylurea, urethanes, 1,3-dimethyl biuret, aminomethyl phenyl biuret,
Isocyanuric acid, barbiturates, 6-methyluracil, 2-imidazoline, 5,5-dimethyl hydantoin, 2-pyrimidone, Benzoylamide,
Phthalimide, N-ethyl acetamide, nitrogen heterocyclic din-2-ketone, 2-Pyrrolidone, caprolactam, sulfamic acid, sulphonyl
Amine, para toluene sulfonamide, benzsulfamide, dimethyl sulfinyl imines (sulfinimine), isothiazoline
(isothiazolene)-1,1-dioxide, positive phosphinylidyne Disnalon (Ferrer)., pyrophosphoryl Disnalon (Ferrer)., diphenylphosphoryl base-bis-dimethylamine, boron
Acid amide, methylsulfonimide, tripolycyanamide, ketopyrrolidine, hydantoin, acetanilide, acetamide, biuret, allophanic acid
Ester, pyrroles, indole, guanidine, biguanide and containing primary nitrogen and the polymer of secondary nitrogen.
In another embodiment, Non-oxidizing biocides include following at least one: 2,2-bis-bromo-3-nitrilo-s
Propionic acid amide. (DBNPA), glutaraldehyde, dithiocyano-methane (MBTC), thiazole, isothiazolinone derivatives, 5-chloro-2-first
Base-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone (CMIT), MIT (MIT), l, 2-benzisothiazole-3-ketone
(BIT), 2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-l, 3-glycol (bronopol), long chain quaternary ammonium compound, aliphatic diamine, guanidine, double
Guanidine, dodecyl guanidine hydrochloride (DGH), n alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, DDAC, l, 2-bis-
Bromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, 2,2-bis-bromo-3-nitrilo-propionic acid amide. (DBNPA), double (trichloromethyl) sulfone, the chloro-1,2-of 4,5-bis-
Two sulfydryl-3-ketone, 2-bromo-2-nitrostyrolene, CMIT (CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-
Isothiazoline-3-ketone (MIT).
Following example are not intended to limit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
By the first conduit, process streams is drawn in flow cell.One or more valves regulate and control the flow in pond that circulates.
Drain pipe is associated with this first conduit, and one or more valve prevents from flowing back in this process streams or contribute to controlled
Solid present in journey stream is in case resulting in blockage.Under opening stream mode, normal valve is to enable flow through the pond that circulates.With circulation
What pond was connected is DO probe, ORP probe and cleaning device (such as wiper blade).Fluid passes flow cell for analysis.
Depending on monitoring (entirety/surface relevant/combination), valve is transferred to open position and/or closed position so that stream
Body circulates pond, and according to one of said process scheme record DO concentration and/or ORP.Fluid through flow cell passes through
Drain pipe leaves.The fluid flowing into drain pipe can be flow back to enter in process streams, the mechanical stock tank of such as paper-making process
In (machine chest).Fig. 9 provides flow cell structure and process streams flows through the sketch of flow cell structure.
OFM monitor can also be associated with process streams.The regulation and control of one or more valves enter the flow in OFM.Figure 10
Provide the flow cell structure together with OFM monitor and process streams flows through the sketch of flow cell structure and OFM.
Depend on the level of the microbial activity in process streams and/or deposit, can will correct the suitable change of this problem
Learn thing to add in process streams.Such as, controller can transmit signal in pump, and this pump drives the helical relevant to feed mechanism
Pipe.
Embodiment 2
The effluent making the paper process water from the paper mill being positioned at Germany flows through monitoring devices (2 liters per second).This papermaking
Factory produces coating and the uncoated paper (freesheet) without groundwood pulp and uses stable oxidant for biology control
System.Valve in monitoring devices opens and closes with the interval of 60 minutes, the stream of the monitoring room, pond that circulates with beginning or stopping.With
The value of interval measurement ORP and LDO of 10 minutes.By data logger collection from the data of ORP and LDO monitoring devices, and
Send it to the webserver show on website.Download data from this website and be analyzed determining BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Program and the process condition impact on microbial activity.
In this application, the present invention and OFM are used in combination to determine the character/source of problematic deposit.Such as, as
Fruit deposition is serious and activity is high, then likely deposit is substantially biological.On the contrary, if depositing seriously microorganism
Activity is low, then is unlikely to be microorganism and causes deposit, and the effort of the problem of solution should be concentrated on other places.In Fig. 6
ORP, microbial activity and the impact of deposition (OFM) in the example display machine switched off the provided process water on stagnating.Micro-life
Thing activity is reported as Δ DO.Machine cut out August 4., Δ DO sharply increase, this and the minimizing of ORP after machine switched off soon
It is consistent with by the increase of the surface smut measured by OFM.These data show program based on oxidant be not lasting also
And it controls growth of microorganism and the formation of deposit in this event procedure the most fully.The micro-examination card of surface deposits
There is highdensity microorganism, including filamentous bacteria in fact.
Embodiment 3
The effluent making the paper process water from the paper mill being positioned at the U.S. flows through monitoring devices (0.25 liter per second).This is made
Paper plant is frequently changed the fiber content of paper product, and the implementation of BIOLOGICAL CONTROL program can be made a significant impact by this.Specifically,
This paper mill uses the Azoto equipment improving halogen demand in process water system.The valve of monitoring devices is spaced apart with 30 minutes
Open and close, the stream of the monitoring room, pond that circulates with beginning or stopping.Value with interval measurement ORP and LDO of 6 minutes.Pass through
Data logger gather from ORP and LDO monitoring devices data or use equipped with monitoring devices software download to count
Calculation machine.
After monitoring devices is installed soon, it may be immediately observed that the change impact of process is based on following BIOLOGICAL CONTROL program
Performance: the surface smut that ORP measurement result, microbial activity level and OFM measure.The example display fiber provided in Fig. 7 contains
The change of amount is on ORP, microbial activity and the impact of deposition (OFM).Microbial activity is reported as LDO (saturation %), and
And background LDO and the larger difference arrheaed between LDO measured in state procedure during opening stream mode indicates higher
Microbial activity.These data show when using Azoto specification, hyperoxia agent demand equipment, based on oxidant
Program the most fully controls growth and the formation of deposit of microorganism.Therefore, it should improve this program for special at this
The manufacture process of different specification is improved the control of deposit.
Embodiment 4
Dissolved oxygen in dissolved oxygen monitor measuring samples water continuously.Monitoring program is by PLC (programmable logic control
Device) control, this PLC will read and keeps the LDO value measured until this program has circulated.PLC also control wiper device and
Motorization ball valve, this wiper device is by sensor surface wiped clean, and this motorization ball valve can make water stop running through sample cell.
Two kinds of basic monitoring patterns are available: overall microbial activity (BMA) pattern and/microorganism that surface is relevant
Activity (SAMA) pattern.Both of which uses three variablees to come for the concrete requirements set program applied: X, Xt and Xti.More
Specifically, X is opening time and the shut-in time of ball valve, and in minutes, Xt is the LDO reading stored during time X
Count, and Xti is the interval between LDO reading.When ball valve unlatching and sample flow, LDO reading should be stable, instead
Reflect the current state in sample source.When ball valve is closed and sample flow stops, the dissolved oxygen in the flow cell turned off
Would tend to be exhausted by the reaction of organic material.
In BMA pattern, after probe is by wiped clean, obtain all readings immediately.Δ DO value is by reflection metabolic process
The consumption of middle dissolved oxygen provides the tolerance of microbial activity in sample main body.
In SAMA pattern, at the Part I electrode of valve ON cycle not by wiping.During this time, at electricity
Biomembranous accumulation may be had on surface, pole.Then by electrode wiped clean, this differential disply is at the Part I of this circulation
During the biomembranous level accumulated.Take the reading as in BMA pattern when ball valve is closed.
Table I BMA pattern
X=10；Xt=5
The meansigma methods of MAX=reading 1 to 5
Least count in MIN=6 to 10
Activity:
BMA=MAX-MIN Table II SAMA pattern (reading 1-7) and BMA pattern
B MIN=reading 5
The meansigma methods of B MAX=reading 6 and 7
The least count of MIN=8 to 12
Activity:
BMA=B MAX-MIN
SAMA=B MAX-B MIN.
Claims (14)
1., in the process streams method of microbial activity that surface relevant is monitored and controlled, the method includes:
A. being connected with process streams by instrument, wherein said instrument includes the flow cell comprising multiple opening, at least one of which
Opening is the flow cell entrance for sucking fluid from described process streams, and at least one opening be leave for fluid described
The flow cell outlet of flow cell, the DO probe being connected with one of described opening, wherein said instrument also includes opening with described
Mouthful one of the cleaning device that is connected and the valve that is associated with described flow cell, wherein said instrument also include with described opening it
The ORP probe that one is connected；
B. from described process streams, fluid is sucked in described flow cell；
C. the valve of described instrument is opened so that fluid is inhaled in described flow cell；
By the DO concentration of process streams described in described DO probe measurement at least one times, and the most unclean d.
Described DO pops one's head in；
E. the surface of described DO probe is cleaned；
F. by the DO concentration of the fluid of instrument internal described in described DO probe measurement at least one times；
G. the Δ DO reading between calculation procedure (d) and step (f)；
H. biological activity relevant to surface for the most described Δ DO reading in step (g) is associated；And
I. by the following amount controlling described microbial activity: the effective dose of one or more oxidizing biocides will be comprised
Process joins in described process streams, and/or the process of the effective dose comprising one or more Non-oxidizing biocides is added
Enter to described process streams；
Wherein said method also includes the ORP in measuring process (d) and step (f) at least one times, and before every measurement
Cleaning ORP detecting head surface.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein said process streams is paper-making process stream or spunlacing method process streams.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said spunlacing method process streams is the mistake making fiberglass packing
A part for journey.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein said instrument includes the first conduit being connected with described flow cell entrance.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein said instrument includes exporting, with described flow cell, the second conduit being connected.
6. the method for claim 1, wherein before the measurement every time in step (f), the surface that described DO is popped one's head in
It is cleaned.
7. the method for claim 1, wherein in step (i), containing N-hydrogen compound, oxidizing biocide mixed
Compound is added into described process streams.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein buffer is also added to described process streams.
9. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said N-hydrogen compound includes ammonium salt.
10. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said N-hydrogen compound includes at least one of the following: ammonium sulfate, vinegar
Acid ammonium, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium bromide, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium citrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium oxalate, Ammonium persulfate., ammonium phosphate, sulfur
Acid ferrum ammonium and Ferrous ammonium sulfate.
11. methods as claimed in claim 7, wherein said N-hydrogen compound include following at least one: butanimide, ammonia
Nitrile, dicyandiamide, tripolycyanamide, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, trien, dibutyl amine, three fourths
Amine, glutamine, diphenylamines, hydrazine, urea, thiourea, N-methylurea, acetylurea, urethanes, 1,3-dimethyl biuret, first
Base phenyl biuret, isocyanuric acid, barbiturates, 6-methyluracil, 2-imidazoline, 5,5-dimethyl hydantoin, 2-are phonetic
Pyridine ketone, Benzoylamide, phthalimide, N-ethyl acetamide, nitrogen heterocyclic din-2-ketone, 2-Pyrrolidone, caprolactam,
Sulfamic acid, sulfonamide, para toluene sulfonamide, benzsulfamide, dimethyl sulfinyl imines, isothiazoline-1,1-titanium dioxide
Acyl in thing, positive phosphinylidyne Disnalon (Ferrer)., pyrophosphoryl Disnalon (Ferrer)., diphenylphosphoryl base-bis-dimethylamine, boric acid amide, methylsulfonimide, second
Urea, acetanilide, acetamide, biuret, allophanate, pyrroles, indole, guanidine, biguanide and gathering containing primary nitrogen and secondary nitrogen
Compound.
12. the method for claim 1, wherein said Non-oxidizing biocides include following at least one: 2,2-bis-
Bromo-3-nitrilo-propionic acid amide. (DBNPA), glutaraldehyde, dithiocyano-methane (MBTC), thiazole, isothiazolone derive
Thing, 2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-l, 3-glycol (bronopol), long chain quaternary ammonium compound, aliphatic diamine, guanidine, biguanide, just
Dodecyl guanidine hydrochloride (DGH), n alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, DDAC, the bromo-2,4-of l, 2-bis-
Dicyanobutane, double (trichloromethyl) sulfone, 4,5-bis-chloro-1,2-bis-sulfydryl-3-ketone and 2-bromo-2-nitrostyrolene.
13. the method for claim 1, wherein said Non-oxidizing biocides includes 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazole
Quinoline-3-ketone (CMIT), MIT (MIT) or 1,2-benzisothiazole-3-ketone (BIT).
14. methods as claimed in claim 7, wherein said Non-oxidizing biocides is then added to described mixture
In.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/943,184 US7949432B2 (en) | 2007-02-16 | 2007-11-20 | Method of monitoring surface associated microbiological activity in process streams |
| US11/943,184 | 2007-11-20 | ||
| PCT/US2008/084036 WO2009067514A1 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2008-11-19 | A method of monitoring surface associated microbiological activity in process streams |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101868717A CN101868717A (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| CN101868717B true CN101868717B (en) | 2016-12-14 |
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