CN101865609A - A New Process for Recovering Heat Energy of Cooling Exhaust Gas - Google Patents
A New Process for Recovering Heat Energy of Cooling Exhaust Gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种回收冷却废气热能的新工艺,其特征在于含有以下工艺过程:环冷机内烧结矿按温度高低分成三段:低温、中温和高温。在低温段:将环境温度下的空气,与环冷机内烧结矿换热,如图1中⑥所示,温度升高至120--250℃,与锅炉及蒸发器排放废气混合,作为循环热风,如图1中(11)所示;中温段换热:图1中⑤在中温段使用有机朗肯循环回收余热资源;高温段换热:如图1中④所示,在高温段利用余热锅炉回收热风热能;本发明充分利用了热风循环及有机朗肯循环回收烧结低温余热,使污染物的排放量减少,热能回收率提高,烧结矿成品率提高,达到了节能减排的要求。The invention discloses a new process for recovering heat energy of cooling waste gas, which is characterized in that it contains the following process: the sintered ore in the ring cooler is divided into three sections according to the temperature: low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature. In the low temperature section: the air at the ambient temperature is exchanged with the sinter in the ring cooler, as shown in Figure 1, ⑥, the temperature rises to 120--250°C, and it is mixed with the exhaust gas from the boiler and evaporator as a cycle Hot air, as shown in (11) in Figure 1; heat exchange in the middle temperature section: ⑤ in Figure 1 uses organic Rankine cycle to recover waste heat resources in the middle temperature section; heat exchange in the high temperature section: as shown in ④ in Figure 1, use The waste heat boiler recovers hot air heat energy; the invention makes full use of the hot air circulation and the organic Rankine cycle to recover the low-temperature waste heat of sintering, reduces the discharge of pollutants, improves the recovery rate of heat energy, and increases the yield of sintered ore, meeting the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种回收冷却废气热能的新工艺,属于冶金节能减排技术领域。The invention relates to a new process for recovering heat energy of cooling waste gas, which belongs to the technical field of metallurgy energy saving and emission reduction.
背景技术Background technique
现有烧结过程的用能情况大体如下:The energy consumption of the existing sintering process is generally as follows:
现有烧结矿余热回收情况如下:冷却废气热和烧结烟气物理热占到热支出的39.9%,目前运用热风烧结、热风点火及热风解冻混合物料等直接回收方式,及建成余热锅炉或余热锅炉发电系统,产生蒸汽或利用产生的蒸汽发电的间接回收方式,对烧结烟气物理热、冷却废气热进行利用。但存在这样的问题:回收效率低,可资利用余热资源很大,回收利用的不及10%。鉴于烧结工序的特点,有必要从工艺技术改进,最大限度的提高一次资源利用率,减少固耗、气耗等;充分利用二次热源,根据不同工质的特点综合利用,改善中低温废气热的综合利用。The existing sinter waste heat recovery is as follows: cooling waste gas heat and sintering flue gas physical heat account for 39.9% of heat expenditure. Currently, direct recovery methods such as hot air sintering, hot air ignition and hot air thawing mixed materials are used, and waste heat boilers or waste heat boilers are built. The power generation system is an indirect recovery method that generates steam or uses the generated steam to generate electricity, and utilizes the physical heat of sintering flue gas and the heat of cooling exhaust gas. But there are such problems: the recovery efficiency is low, the waste heat resource that can be used is very large, and the recovery rate is less than 10%. In view of the characteristics of the sintering process, it is necessary to improve the process technology, maximize the utilization rate of primary resources, reduce solid consumption, gas consumption, etc.; make full use of secondary heat sources, comprehensively utilize according to the characteristics of different working fluids, and improve the low-temperature waste gas heat. comprehensive utilization.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提高回收效率,提高中低温热能综合利用率。The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to improve the recovery efficiency and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of medium and low temperature heat energy.
本发明回收冷却废气热能的方法技术方案:环冷机内回收冷却废气热能按温度高低分成三段:低温、中温和高温分别安装三个风罩,三个风罩通过热风循环管11与第一风机2和第二风机3;在低温段,通过第三风罩6将环境温度下的空气,与环冷机内烧结矿换热,与锅炉及蒸发器排放废气混合,作为循环热风;在中温段换热:通过第二风罩5在中温段使用有机朗肯循环回收余热资源;在高温段换热:通过第一风罩4,在高温段利用余热锅炉回收热风热能。The technical scheme of the method for recovering and cooling the heat energy of the exhaust gas of the present invention: the heat energy of the recovery and cooling exhaust gas in the annular cooler is divided into three sections according to the temperature level: three wind hoods are respectively installed at low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature, and the three wind hoods pass through the hot air circulation pipe 11 and the first The
由第一风罩4收集的热风温度为350℃--450℃,经余热锅炉与工质水换热产生375℃、2.06Mpa的过热水蒸气,推动汽轮机发电。The temperature of the hot air collected by the first air hood 4 is 350°C-450°C. After heat exchange between the waste heat boiler and the working medium water, superheated steam at 375°C and 2.06Mpa is generated to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity.
由第二风罩5收集热风的温度为250--350℃,经蒸发器与有机工质R245fa换热产生140℃、1.93Mpa的R245fa的过热蒸气,带动有机透平做功发电。The temperature of the hot air collected by the second air cover 5 is 250--350°C, and the evaporator exchanges heat with the organic working medium R245fa to produce superheated steam of R245fa at 140°C and 1.93Mpa, which drives the organic turbine to generate power.
通过第三风罩6将环境温度下的空气,与环冷机内烧结矿换热后,温度升高至120--250℃,与锅炉及蒸发器排放废气混合,作为循环热风以备推动汽轮机发电和有机透平做功发电过程中的冷源所需。The air at the ambient temperature is exchanged with the sinter in the ring cooler through the third air hood 6, and the temperature rises to 120--250°C, and is mixed with exhaust gas from the boiler and evaporator, and used as circulating hot air to drive the steam turbine It is required for the cold source in the process of power generation and organic turbine power generation.
利用水与有机工质的循环发电。Use the cycle of water and organic working fluid to generate electricity.
所述的循环热风过剩热风量大,温度150℃左右,可进行直接利用解冻混合物料。The circulating hot air has a large excess hot air volume and a temperature of about 150° C., which can be directly used to thaw the mixed material.
本发明回收冷却废气热能的方法如图1所示,将环冷机内烧结矿分成高温段、中温段和低温段,主要余热回收流程分三个过程,如下:The method for recovering heat energy of cooling exhaust gas according to the present invention is shown in Figure 1. The sintered ore in the ring cooler is divided into high-temperature section, medium-temperature section and low-temperature section. The main waste heat recovery process is divided into three processes, as follows:
过程1:以过程三的混合热空气为冷却介质,如图1所示,在第一段与烧结矿强制换热,由第一风罩收集热风,做为余热锅炉的驱动热源。由于过程三产生的混合热空气温度在100℃以上,在过程一的换热风量一定时,可产生350--450℃的热风。这部分热风经过余热锅炉与软水换热,使其在锅炉内吸收热量,在一定压强下产生过热蒸气,带动汽轮机做功,推动发电机发电。具体工艺过程如图2。Process 1: The mixed hot air in process 3 is used as the cooling medium, as shown in Figure 1, the first stage is forced to exchange heat with the sinter, and the hot air is collected by the first wind hood, which is used as the driving heat source of the waste heat boiler. Since the temperature of the mixed hot air produced in process three is above 100°C, when the heat exchange air volume in process one is constant, hot air at 350--450°C can be generated. This part of the hot air exchanges heat with the soft water through the waste heat boiler, so that it absorbs heat in the boiler, and generates superheated steam under a certain pressure, which drives the steam turbine to do work, and drives the generator to generate electricity. The specific process is shown in Figure 2.
过程2:过程三的混合热空气可与部分环境空气混合,经过自动阀门调整,使这部分混合空气温度适宜,作为冷却介质通过风道,强制混合空气吸收烧结矿热量,再由风罩二收集,作为驱动热源,在蒸发器内与有机工质换热,产生过热蒸气,带动透平做功,推动发电机发电。具体工艺过程如图3。Process 2: The mixed hot air in process 3 can be mixed with part of the ambient air. After automatic valve adjustment, the temperature of this part of the mixed air is suitable. As a cooling medium, it passes through the air duct, and the mixed air is forced to absorb the heat of sintering ore, and then collected by the
过程3:环境空气与烧结矿在环冷机的第三段强制换热,如图1所示,由第三风罩收集热风,温度控制在120--250℃。这部分热风作为循环热风,为过程一、过程二提供冷却介质。另外,过剩的低温废气引至二次混合机和机头布料前混合料矿槽,对烧结前的混合料进行预热,这部分废气量大,在150℃左右,可使混合料温达到65℃的露点以上;提高混合料温度,可显著减少料层过湿现象,改善透气性,有利于烧结过程,加快垂直烧结速度,提高烧结机利用系数,从而提高烧结矿产量。Process 3: Ambient air and sinter are forced to exchange heat in the third section of the ring cooler, as shown in Figure 1, the hot air is collected by the third wind hood, and the temperature is controlled at 120--250°C. This part of hot air is used as circulating hot air to provide cooling medium for process 1 and
本发明方法的有益效果是:引入新工艺方法,充分利用热风循环和有机朗肯循环,达到最大限度回收低温热能、提高烧结效率的效果。The beneficial effect of the method of the invention is that: the introduction of a new process method makes full use of hot air circulation and organic Rankine cycle to achieve the effects of maximum recovery of low-temperature heat energy and improvement of sintering efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的余热回收新工艺流程示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the new waste heat recovery process of the present invention.
①环冷机,②第一风机,③第二风机,④第一风罩,⑤第二风罩,⑥第三风罩,⑦电动风阀,⑧经余热锅炉换热,⑨经蒸发器换热,⑩直接利用,(11)循环热风。①Circular cooler, ②First fan, ③Second fan, ④First wind hood, ⑤Second wind hood, ⑥Third wind hood, ⑦Electric air valve, ⑧Exchange heat through waste heat boiler, ⑨Exchange heat through evaporator Heat, ⑩ direct use, (11) circulating hot air.
图2是余热锅炉发电示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of waste heat boiler power generation.
21、热风;22、余热锅炉;23、汽轮机;24、水泵;25、闪蒸器;26、冷凝器;27、冷却塔;28、补水系统;29发电机。21. Hot air; 22. Waste heat boiler; 23. Steam turbine; 24. Water pump; 25. Flash evaporator; 26. Condenser; 27. Cooling tower; 28. Water supply system; 29 Generator.
图3是有机朗肯循环发电示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of organic Rankine cycle power generation.
31、热风;32、蒸发器;33、工质泵;34、蝶形阀;35、补工质系统;36、冷凝器;37、有机透平;38、发电机;39、冷却塔;30、闪蒸器。31. Hot air; 32. Evaporator; 33. Working medium pump; 34. Butterfly valve; 35. Supplementary working medium system; 36. Condenser; 37. Organic turbine; 38. Generator; 39. Cooling tower; 30 , Flash evaporator.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面以实例进一步说明本发明的实质内容,但本发明的内容并不限于此。Further illustrate the substantive content of the present invention below with example, but content of the present invention is not limited thereto.
环冷机内回收冷却废气热能按温度高低分成三段:低温、中温和高温分别安装三个风罩,三个风罩通过热风循环管11与第一风机2和第二风机3;在低温段,通过第三风罩6将环境温度下的空气,与环冷机内烧结矿换热,温度升高至120-250℃,与锅炉及蒸发器排放废气混合,作为循环热风;在中温段换热:通过第二风罩5在中温段使用有机朗肯循环回收余热资源;在高温段换热:通过第一风罩4,在高温段利用余热锅炉回收热风热能,并通过下面三个过程实现:The thermal energy of the recovered cooling exhaust gas in the ring cooler is divided into three sections according to the temperature: low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature are respectively installed with three air hoods, and the three air hoods are connected to the
过程一:以过程三的混合热空气(如图1(11))所示为冷却介质,图1中,在烧结矿高温段强制换热,如图1中④所示,由第一风罩收集热风,作为余热锅炉的驱动热源,如图1⑧。由于过程三产生的混合热空气温度在100℃以上,在过程一的换热风量一定时,图1中④将收集350--450℃的热风。这部分热风经过余热锅炉图1⑧与锅炉内软水换热,使其吸收热风热量,在一定压强下产生过热蒸气,带动汽轮机做功,推动发电机发电。具体工艺过程如图2。Process 1: The mixed hot air in process 3 (as shown in Figure 1 (11)) is used as the cooling medium. In Figure 1, the heat exchange is forced in the high temperature section of the sintered ore, as shown in ④ in Figure 1, and the first wind hood Collect hot air and use it as the driving heat source for the waste heat boiler, as shown in Figure 1⑧. Since the temperature of the mixed hot air generated in process three is above 100°C, when the heat exchange air volume in process one is constant, ④ in Figure 1 will collect hot air at 350--450°C. This part of the hot air exchanges heat with the soft water in the boiler through the waste heat boiler (Figure 1⑧), so that it absorbs the heat of the hot air and generates superheated steam under a certain pressure, which drives the steam turbine to do work and drives the generator to generate electricity. The specific process is shown in Figure 2.
过程二:过程三的混合热空气可与部分环境空气混合,经过图1⑦电动风阀调整,使这部分混合空气温度适宜,作为冷却介质通过风道,在烧结矿中温段,强制混合空气吸收烧结矿热量,如图1中⑤所示,由风罩二收集,作为驱动热源,在蒸发器内与有机工质换热,如图1⑨所示,产生过热蒸气,带动透平做功,推动发电机发电。具体工艺过程如图3。Process 2: The mixed hot air in process 3 can be mixed with part of the ambient air. After adjusting the electric air valve in Figure 1⑦, the temperature of this part of the mixed air is suitable. As a cooling medium, it passes through the air duct, and in the middle temperature section of the sinter, the mixed air is forced to absorb sintering The ore heat, as shown in ⑤ in Fig. 1, is collected by the
过程三:环境空气与环冷机内烧结矿低温段强制换热,如图1⑥所示,由风罩三收集热风,温度控制在120--250℃。这部分热风作为循环热风,如图1(11),为过程一、过程二提供冷却介质。另外,对图1⑩,可直接用来解冻物料:过剩的低温废气引至二次混合机和机头布料前混合料矿槽,对烧结前的混合料进行预热,这部分废气量大,在150℃左右,可使混合料温达到65℃的露点以上;提高混合料温度,可显著减少料层过湿现象,改善透气性,有利于烧结过程,加快垂直烧结速度,提高烧结机利用系数,从而提高烧结矿产量。Process 3: Forced heat exchange between the ambient air and the low-temperature section of the sinter in the annular cooler, as shown in Figure 1⑥, the hot air is collected by the wind hood 3, and the temperature is controlled at 120--250 °C. This part of hot air is used as circulating hot air, as shown in Figure 1 (11), to provide cooling medium for process one and process two. In addition, as shown in Figure 10, it can be directly used to thaw the material: the excess low-temperature waste gas is led to the secondary mixer and the mixed material trough before the machine head is distributed, and the mixed material before sintering is preheated. This part of the waste gas has a large amount. At about 150°C, the temperature of the mixture can reach above the dew point of 65°C; increasing the temperature of the mixture can significantly reduce the over-humidity of the material layer, improve air permeability, facilitate the sintering process, speed up the vertical sintering speed, and increase the utilization factor of the sintering machine. Thereby increasing the output of sintered ore.
实施例1某钢厂利用600m2的环冷机,安装了一套图3所示工艺流程余热发电系统(ORCS)。。图3过程②进口风温达370℃,该系统采用F-85低沸点有机介质循环发电,装机容量14.8MW,发电量12.5MW,运行率达85%左右。改进后,图2与图3工艺并联,充分利用图1(11)循环热风,电站工程装机容量20MW,实际运行率90%以上.提高了资源可资利用效率。Example 1 A steel plant installed a set of process flow waste heat power generation system (ORCS) as shown in Figure 3 by using a 600m 2 annular cooler. . Figure 3
实施例2某钢厂两台130m2的烧结机,年产烧结矿249万t,烧结矿冷却各配1台145m2鼓风环式冷却机。改进前,图1过程①、②运行过程中,排出的低温热风由④收集,经过过程⑧产生蒸汽,然后进入图2所示工艺流程做功发电,图2中过程②进口风温在260-320℃之间,工程装机容量5000KW,实际运行率不足80%,采用图1工艺,加入⑤、⑥,充分利用(11),并引入图3工艺流程,图2过程②进口风温达400℃左右,图3过程②进口风温300℃左右,除为烧结机提供工艺所需要的30万Nm3/h热风外,还产生28万Nm3/h的热风供直接利用。改进后,电站工程装机容量8000KW,实际运行率90%以上;实现热风烧结、热风解冻混合物料,烧结矿转鼓强度提高2.24%,烧结矿成品率提高0.67%;年节约标煤4.80万吨。Example 2 There are two 130m 2 sintering machines in a steel factory, with an annual output of 2.49 million tons of sinter, and a 145m 2 blast ring cooling machine for sinter cooling. Before the improvement, during the operation of
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Cited By (8)
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| CN101988804A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-03-23 | 宁波钢铁有限公司 | Device and method for drying blast furnace ores and coke groove by recycling residual heat of circular cooler |
| CN103033063A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-10 | 北京世纪源博科技股份有限公司 | Method for recovering waste heat of sintering flue gas |
| CN104807334A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-07-29 | 中冶北方(大连)工程技术有限公司 | System and method for utilizing low-temperature hot waste gas of circular cooler |
| CN105021050A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Device and method for reducing low-temperature smoke particulate matter emission in cold procedure of sinter ring |
| CN106931792A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-07 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | The method and apparatus of central cooler waste gas comprehensive utilization |
| CN112197598A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-08 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Ring cooler cooling and waste heat recovery system |
| CN114413643A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-04-29 | 海南极锐浩瀚动力系统科技有限公司 | Sintering ring cooler or combined waste heat boiler with low temperature flue gas at the end of the cooler |
| CN115854714A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-03-28 | 宁夏荣利鑫装备制造有限公司 | Energy-saving burner device of sintering machine |
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| CN101988804A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-03-23 | 宁波钢铁有限公司 | Device and method for drying blast furnace ores and coke groove by recycling residual heat of circular cooler |
| CN101988804B (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-11-14 | 宁波钢铁有限公司 | Device and method for drying blast furnace ores and coke groove by recycling residual heat of circular cooler |
| CN103033063A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-10 | 北京世纪源博科技股份有限公司 | Method for recovering waste heat of sintering flue gas |
| CN103033063B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-05-18 | 北京世纪源博科技股份有限公司 | Sinter fume exhaust heat recovering method |
| CN105021050A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Device and method for reducing low-temperature smoke particulate matter emission in cold procedure of sinter ring |
| CN104807334A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-07-29 | 中冶北方(大连)工程技术有限公司 | System and method for utilizing low-temperature hot waste gas of circular cooler |
| CN106931792A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-07 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | The method and apparatus of central cooler waste gas comprehensive utilization |
| CN106931792B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2019-10-01 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | The method and apparatus of ring cold machine exhaust gas comprehensive utilization |
| CN112197598A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-08 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Ring cooler cooling and waste heat recovery system |
| CN114413643A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-04-29 | 海南极锐浩瀚动力系统科技有限公司 | Sintering ring cooler or combined waste heat boiler with low temperature flue gas at the end of the cooler |
| CN115854714A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-03-28 | 宁夏荣利鑫装备制造有限公司 | Energy-saving burner device of sintering machine |
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