CN101864502A - Blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system - Google Patents
Blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101864502A CN101864502A CN201010206034A CN201010206034A CN101864502A CN 101864502 A CN101864502 A CN 101864502A CN 201010206034 A CN201010206034 A CN 201010206034A CN 201010206034 A CN201010206034 A CN 201010206034A CN 101864502 A CN101864502 A CN 101864502A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
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Abstract
The invention provides a blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system comprising cooling equipment, an expansion tank, a heat exchanger, a main water supply pump set, a booster pump set, an air port pipe valve, a degassing tank and a soft water replenishing pump set; soft water is delivered to the cooling equipment through the main water supply pump set and is divided into two paths, wherein one path of soft water is delivered before the degassing tank and the other path of soft water passes through the booster pump set and the air port pipe valve; after combining, two paths of soft water are delivered to the degassing tank for degassing, enter the expansion tank for pressurizing and detecting the leakage, and finally enter the heat exchanger for reducing the temperature; the soft water of which the temperature is reduced is delivered to the main water supply pump set for recycling; and the output of the soft water replenishing pump set is connected to the main water supply set. In the invention, process practice is tightly combined, the control strategy output can be analyzed and determined by using fault actual data, and the emergency processing and safe control on accidents of the soft water closed circulation cooling system can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to blast furnace cooling system, particularly relate to a kind of blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system.
Background technology
Blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system is the important component part of blast-furnace smelting system, and it is being born to blast furnace carries out the refrigerative mission critical, and is whether closely related with blast furnace generation furnace life longevity.In a single day cooling system goes wrong, and can not rationally handle or find early, and the serious threat blast furnace is produced, and causes enormous economic loss.Therefore, the research of the safety control strategy of blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system is extremely urgent with application.
At present there are the problem of following several classes in soft water airtight circulating cooling system and control strategy thereof: expansion drum liquid level control strategy is with to detect data processing too simple, easily causes in particular cases equipment malfunction to do or be failure to actuate, and influences whole soft water system direct motion; The control sequential of important pneumavalve is unreasonable in the soft water closed circulation system, is difficult to bring into play the emergency capability of soft water system processing accident; The fault handling strategy of pump group and pump is too oversimplified, and lacks theoretical analysis and experimental data.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system is provided, and the present invention can realize the accident emergent management and the safety control of soft water closed circulation system.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system comprises cooling apparatus, expansion drum, heat exchanger, main feed water pump group, topping-up pump group, air port pipe valve, degassing vessel and additional soft wa ter pump group; Soft water is delivered to cooling apparatus by the main feed water pump group, be divided into two-way again, one the tunnel directly deliver to degassing vessel before, another road is by topping-up pump group and air port pipe valve, deliver to the degassing vessel degassing after two-way converges, enter expansion drum pressurization, leak detection then, enter the heat exchanger cooling at last, soft water after the cooling is delivered to the main feed water pump group and is recycled again, and the output of additional soft wa ter pump group is connected to the main feed water pump group.
Advantage of the present invention: the present invention's technology reality of combining closely, determine control strategy output with the fault actual data analysis, can realize the accident emergent management and the safety control of soft water closed circulation system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention.
Among the figure, additional soft wa ter pump group: water pump P 0-1, P0-2, P0-3; Main feed water pump group: water pump P 3-1, P3-2, P3-3, P3-4, P3-5, P3-6; High-pressure water supply pump group: water pump P 1-1, P1-2, P1-3; The middle working shaft group of pressing: water pump P 2-1, P2-2; Cooling apparatus: cooling stave straight tube, serpentine tube, furnace bottom cooling tube; Air port pipe valve: cover, belly pipe, hot blast valve, outlet valve in tuyere small sleeve, the air port; V1: mesohigh pump group UNICOM pneumavalve; V2: accident current limliting pneumavalve; V3: main feed water pump bypass pneumavalve; V4: soft water working shaft group outlet pneumavalve; V5: expansion drum pneumavalve; V6: expansion drum surplus valve; V7: gasification cooling pneumavalve; V8: expansion drum water discharge valve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system comprises cooling apparatus, expansion drum, heat exchanger, main feed water pump group, topping-up pump group, air port pipe valve, degassing vessel and additional soft wa ter pump group; Soft water is delivered to cooling apparatus by the main feed water pump group, be divided into two-way again, one the tunnel directly deliver to degassing vessel before, another road is by topping-up pump group and air port pipe valve, deliver to the degassing vessel degassing after two-way converges, enter expansion drum pressurization, leak detection then, enter the heat exchanger cooling at last, soft water after the cooling is delivered to the main feed water pump group and is recycled again, and the output of additional soft wa ter pump group is connected to the main feed water pump group.Wherein, the moisturizing of the liquid level of expansion drum control additional soft wa ter pump group, the pressure of the pressure-controlling of expansion drum soft water cooling system of the present invention.
Additional soft wa ter pump group comprises two electric water pumps in parallel and a Diesel engine pump, i.e. water pump P 0-1, P0-2, P0-3.Additional soft wa ter pump group is connected to the main feed water pump group by soft water working shaft group outlet pneumavalve V4, also is connected to soft water preparation system and soft water pond between soft water working shaft group and the outer net.Also be connected to chemicals dosing plant in the cooling system of the present invention.
The main feed water pump group comprises four electric water pumps in parallel and a Diesel engine pump, i.e. water pump P 3-1, P3-2, P3-3, P3-4, P3-5, P3-6.The main feed water pump group also is connected to main feed water pump bypass pneumavalve V3.
Cooling apparatus comprises serpentine tube, furnace bottom cooling tube and cooling stave straight tube, after the series connection of serpentine tube and furnace bottom cooling tube again with the parallel connection of cooling stave straight tube.Serpentine tube is divided into a shaft middle part cupola well spiral coil cooling tube system of spiral coil cooling tube system again.
The topping-up pump group comprises high-pressure water supply pump group and middle pressure working shaft group in parallel.The high-pressure water supply pump group comprises three electric water pumps in parallel, i.e. water pump P 1-1, P1-2, P1-3.The middle working shaft group of pressing comprises two electric water pumps in parallel, i.e. water pump P 2-1, P2-2.Also be connected to the mesohigh pump group pneumavalve V1 of UNICOM between the output terminal of high-pressure water supply pump group and middle pressure working shaft group.
The air port pipe valve comprises cover, belly pipe, hot blast valve and outlet valve in tuyere small sleeve, the air port, be connected to tuyere small sleeve between high-pressure water supply pump group and the degassing vessel, the middle pressure is connected to cover, belly pipe, hot blast valve and outlet valve in the air port in parallel between working shaft group and the degassing vessel, the input terminus of tuyere small sleeve also links to each other with the output terminal of additional soft wa ter pump group, and the bypass of the cooling apparatus before the degassing vessel also is connected to accident current limliting pneumavalve V2.
Also be connected to gasification cooling pneumavalve V7 on the tie point of cooling apparatus output terminal and topping-up pump group input terminus, when all pump group (containing Diesel engine pump) faults of soft water system, unlatching pneumavalve V7 carries out the gasification cooling under the extreme case, is connected to expansion drum surplus valve V6, expansion drum water discharge valve V8 that expansion drum nitrogen valve V5 links to each other with output terminal on the expansion drum.
The safety control strategy of blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system comprises: the additional soft wa ter safety control strategy makes the expansion drum liquid level remain on ordinary water-level; Working shaft group safety control strategy makes main feed water pump group and topping-up pump group can keep the soft water supply of blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system in the state of accident.
The equipment and the sensor signal that participate in the additional soft wa ter safety control have: soft water working shaft group, soft water working shaft group outlet pneumavalve V4, expansion drum nitrogen valve V5, expansion drum surplus valve V6, the liquid level signal of expansion drum, the liquid level signal in soft water pond.
Wherein, the additional soft wa ter safety control strategy comprise following some:
(11) with the water level in expansion drum and soft water pond according to being divided into 5 grades from high to low: high, high and low, low and low low, setting ordinary water-level is between top grade and the low grade, and as top grade is set at 3.86m, low grade is set at 2.64m.
(12) water level in detection soft water pond when its water level is low-grade or hangs down low grade, for preventing the air admission soft water system, must stop the operation of additional soft wa ter pump group, otherwise enter next step.For guaranteeing the low-grade signal accuracy of soft water pit level, prevent the mistakenly stop pump, so when receiving low-grade signal 5s, and its velocity of variation normal interval in the time, assert that just the signal that hangs down low grade is effective.
(13) detect the water level of expansion drum, determine the running status of blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system, when described cooling system normally moves, the loss moisturizing; When described cooling system leaks, emergency water compensating; When expansion drum sensor signal fault, estimate moisturizing; When having water pump to go wrong in the additional soft wa ter pump group, enable the stand-by facilities moisturizing.When the water level of expansion drum was top grade, nitrogen valve V5 closed, and surplus valve V6 opens; When the non-height of the water level of expansion drum was high-grade, nitrogen valve V5 opened, and surplus valve V6 closes.Soft water working shaft group outlet pneumavalve V4 and soft water working shaft group are chain, when handling in this step, after additional soft wa ter pump group has water pump operation 5 seconds, open soft water working shaft group outlet pneumavalve V4 again, before stopping last process pump, close soft water working shaft group outlet pneumavalve V4 termination of pumping more earlier.
Specifically comprise (13) o'clock in the above-mentioned additional soft wa ter safety control strategy following some:
(131) detect the water level of expansion drum, determine the running status of blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system; If normal operation enters (132); If there is seepage in system, enter (133); If when the expansion drum sensor signal breaks down, enter (134); If carry out the water pump problem occurring when first three plants disposition, enter (135).
(132) loss moisturizing: under normal situation is powered by full factory, described cooling system normally moves, and along with system loss, the expansion drum water level drops to low grade, an electric water pump moisturizing that starts in the additional soft wa ter pump group is carried out the loss moisturizing, the pump of cutting off the water when water level rises to top grade.
(133) emergency water compensating: low low-grade if the expansion drum water level drops to, illustrative system has seepage, except starting an electric water pump, increases an electric water pump emergency water compensating again, when water level rises to low grade, stop an electric water pump, when water level rises to top grade, stop all water pumps; If the expansion drum water level drops to low-grade, start Diesel engine pump, when water level rises to low grade, stop Diesel engine pump, handle according to preceding method then.
(134) estimate moisturizing: the main foundation of soft water system moisturizing is the expansion drum liquid level, expansion drum tuning fork switch is positioned on blast-furnace body, and sensor signal problem inaccurate and communication failure happens occasionally, therefore, under the inaccurate situation of expansion drum liquid level signal, realize estimating moisturizing.
At first be that following three kinds of situations are handled with expansion drum liquid level shelves signal distinguishing:
First: there is logical relation in five sensing switch of expansion drum liquid level shelves itself, and high signal has, and then low signal must not have; High signal has, and then high signal has; Low low signal has, and then low, low signal has; Low low signal has, and then low signal has;
Second:, its Changing Pattern is carried out on-line study and record for high signal, low signal;
The 3rd: judge whether high signal frequently occurs, and saltus step;
Specifically handle then,, provide the indication of reporting to the police of expansion drum liquid level sensor switch fault, enter simultaneously by the time and estimate the moisturizing master mode when not satisfying first kind of situation or the 3rd step when obtaining affirmative determination.Native system is 5.5 tons of moisturizings in 24 hours (this value is continuous on-line study) when running well.When estimating moisturizing and beginning, time of finishing of the last moisturizing of record distance this moment at first, and calculate time of moisturizing next time, estimating under the moisturizing pattern, realizing replenishing certain water, during this period by the time, if it is normal that liquid level switch recovers, then switch to by sensor signal moisturizing pattern.
(135) stand-by facilities moisturizing: if the electric water pump that the expansion drum water level drops in low low grade and the additional soft wa ter pump group all has fault, start Diesel engine pump, liquid level stops Diesel engine pump after rising to top grade; When the whole audience has a power failure, the Diesel engine pump in the additional soft wa ter pump group is started, and its soft water working shaft group outlet pneumavalve V4 closes, the disengaging of soft water Diesel engine pump is chain with liquid level, the little cover of air outlet supplies water always, to guarantee keeping the cooling performance to little cover when this Serious Accident takes place.
The working shaft group comprises: the main feed water pump group, and the high-pressure water supply pump group, middle pressure working shaft group, mesohigh pump group is communicated with pneumavalve V1, accident current limliting pneumavalve V2, main water pump bypass pneumavalve V3 altogether.Working shaft group safety control strategy comprise following some:
(21) four electric water pumps with the main feed water pump group use 2, in addition 2 standby, add a Diesel engine pump as standby.Three electric water pumps of high-pressure water supply pump group use 1, in addition 2 standby.In press two electric water pumps of working shaft group to use 1, in addition 1 standby.Under the standard state, middle and high pressure working shaft group respectively has a water pump to be in running status, and the main feed water pump group has 2 electric water pumps in operation.Under the accidental state, if mesohigh working shaft group breaks down and just enters (22), if the main feed water pump group breaks down and just enters (23).
(22) mesohigh pump group is standby mutually:
If the process pump of middle pressure working shaft group breaks down, and its stand-by pump also breaks down, and first stand-by pump of high-pressure water supply pump group can start automatically, and simultaneously, the mesohigh pump group pneumavalve V1 of UNICOM opens.In the middle of press the working shaft group to have a pump to recover normal and operation after, the high-pressure water supply pump group can a stand-by pump out of service, the mesohigh pump group pneumavalve V1 of UNICOM closes.
If the process pump fault of high-pressure water supply pump group, and two stand-by pumps be all can't normally start the time, and the stand-by pump of middle pressure working shaft group starts automatically, and simultaneously, the mesohigh pump group pneumavalve V1 of UNICOM opens.After the high-pressure water supply pump group has a pump to recover normal and moves, a middle pressure working shaft group meeting stand-by pump out of service, the mesohigh pump group pneumavalve V1 of UNICOM closes.
If the process pump fault of high-pressure water supply pump group, and two stand-by pumps all can't normally start, and the stand-by pump of middle pressure working shaft group starts under the failure scenarios automatically, and the mesohigh pump group pneumavalve V1 of UNICOM opens.After the high-pressure water supply pump group had a pump to recover normal and moves, the mesohigh pump group pneumavalve V1 of UNICOM closed.
Under a variety of accidental states, accident current limliting pneumavalve V2 closes, and the system that can guarantee better supplies water for the user.The middle working shaft group exit of pump pressure of pressing is less than high-pressure water supply pump group exit of pump pressure, when the water pump of high-pressure water supply pump group all can't move, no matter the middle working shaft group of pressing has several pumps in operation, all close accident current limliting pneumavalve V2, can guarantee the water consumption of overlapping in tuyere small sleeve and the air port to greatest extent.After the running condition of all pump groups of this blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system was recovered normally, accident current limliting pneumavalve V2 reopened.
(23) the main feed water pump group breaks down: when the main feed water pump group had only an electric water pump or electric water pump all can not move, Diesel engine pump started; If when all water pumps (containing Diesel engine pump) can't start, then open main feed water pump bypass pneumavalve V3, guarantee the water route backflow; When any water pump wherein resumes operation, then close main feed water pump bypass pneumavalve V3, bigger to guarantee pump group top hole pressure and throughput ratio.
To sum up, safety control strategy can accurately and timely successfully manage contingent various industrial accident, simultaneously,, provides accident alarming prompting and explanation in the state of accident.
Claims (7)
1. blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system, it is characterized in that: it comprises cooling apparatus, expansion drum, heat exchanger, main feed water pump group, topping-up pump group, air port pipe valve, degassing vessel and additional soft wa ter pump group; Soft water is delivered to cooling apparatus by the main feed water pump group, be divided into two-way again, one the tunnel directly deliver to degassing vessel before, another road is by topping-up pump group and air port pipe valve, deliver to the degassing vessel degassing after two-way converges, enter expansion drum pressurization, leak detection then, enter the heat exchanger cooling at last, soft water after the cooling is delivered to the main feed water pump group and is recycled again, and the output of additional soft wa ter pump group is connected to the main feed water pump group.
2. cooling system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: additional soft wa ter pump group comprises two electric water pumps and a Diesel engine pump in parallel, additional soft wa ter pump group is connected to the main feed water pump group by soft water working shaft group outlet pneumavalve, also is connected to soft water preparation system and soft water pond between soft water working shaft group and the outer net.
3. cooling system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the main feed water pump group comprises four electric water pumps and a Diesel engine pump in parallel, and the main feed water pump group also is connected to main feed water pump bypass pneumavalve.
4. cooling system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cooling apparatus comprises serpentine tube, furnace bottom cooling tube and cooling stave straight tube, after the series connection of serpentine tube and furnace bottom cooling tube again with the parallel connection of cooling stave straight tube.
5. cooling system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the topping-up pump group comprises high-pressure water supply pump group and middle pressure working shaft group in parallel, the high-pressure water supply pump group comprises three electric water pumps in parallel, the middle working shaft group of pressing comprises two electric water pumps in parallel, also is connected to mesohigh pump group UNICOM pneumavalve between the output terminal of high-pressure water supply pump group and middle pressure working shaft group.
6. according to each described cooling system in the claim 1～5, it is characterized in that: the air port pipe valve comprises cover, belly pipe, hot blast valve and outlet valve in tuyere small sleeve, the air port, be connected to tuyere small sleeve between high-pressure water supply pump group and the degassing vessel, the middle pressure is connected to cover, belly pipe, hot blast valve and outlet valve in the air port in parallel between working shaft group and the degassing vessel, the input terminus of tuyere small sleeve also links to each other with the output terminal of additional soft wa ter pump group, and the bypass of the cooling apparatus before the degassing vessel also is connected to accident current limliting pneumavalve.
7. ask each described cooling system in 1～5 according to claim, it is characterized in that: also be connected to gasification cooling pneumavalve on the tie point of cooling apparatus output terminal and topping-up pump group input terminus, be connected to expansion drum surplus valve, expansion drum water discharge valve that the expansion drum nitrogen valve links to each other with output terminal on the expansion drum.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102060348A CN101864502B (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2010-06-09 | Blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910273354A CN101709345A (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2009-12-22 | Safety control strategy of blast furnace soft water airtight circulating cooling system |
| CN200910273354.2 | 2009-12-22 | ||
| CN200920353249 | 2009-12-31 | ||
| CN200920353249.5 | 2009-12-31 | ||
| CN200910206787.6 | 2009-12-31 | ||
| CN200910206787A CN101736104A (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2009-12-31 | Blast-furnace soft water sealing and circulation cooling system |
| CN2010102060348A CN101864502B (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2010-06-09 | Blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101864502A true CN101864502A (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| CN101864502B CN101864502B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010202349141U Expired - Fee Related CN201737957U (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2010-06-09 | Soft water closed circulation cooling system of blast furnace |
| CN2010102060206A Expired - Fee Related CN101881960B (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2010-06-09 | Safety control strategy for blast furnace soft water sealing, circulating and cooling system |
| CN2010102060348A Expired - Fee Related CN101864502B (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2010-06-09 | Blast furnace soft water closed circulation cooling system |
Family Applications Before (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010202349141U Expired - Fee Related CN201737957U (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2010-06-09 | Soft water closed circulation cooling system of blast furnace |
| CN2010102060206A Expired - Fee Related CN101881960B (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2010-06-09 | Safety control strategy for blast furnace soft water sealing, circulating and cooling system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (3) | CN201737957U (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103421917A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-12-04 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Blast furnace soft water closed-recirculation cooling system |
| TWI487792B (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2015-06-11 | China Steel Corp | Blast Furnace Soft Water Closed Circulating Cooling System |
| CN108193009A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-06-22 | 安徽马钢工程技术集团有限公司 | Hot-blast stove cools down water system and control method |
| CN109340356A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-02-15 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Diesel engine gear tank cooling device and cooling means |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI652349B (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2019-03-01 | 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 | Cooling system and method for blast furnace |
| CN112251558B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-05-13 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hot blast valve cooling water system capable of being switched on line |
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- 2010-06-09 CN CN2010202349141U patent/CN201737957U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-06-09 CN CN2010102060206A patent/CN101881960B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-06-09 CN CN2010102060348A patent/CN101864502B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| NL1008868C2 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 1999-06-22 | Hoogovens Staal Bv | Repairing leaks in coolant channels of tuyere for blast furnace |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103421917A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-12-04 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Blast furnace soft water closed-recirculation cooling system |
| TWI487792B (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2015-06-11 | China Steel Corp | Blast Furnace Soft Water Closed Circulating Cooling System |
| CN108193009A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-06-22 | 安徽马钢工程技术集团有限公司 | Hot-blast stove cools down water system and control method |
| CN108193009B (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2019-07-30 | 安徽马钢设备检修有限公司 | The cooling water system of hot-blast stove and control method |
| CN109340356A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-02-15 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Diesel engine gear tank cooling device and cooling means |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101881960A (en) | 2010-11-10 |
| CN101864502B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
| CN101881960B (en) | 2012-07-18 |
| CN201737957U (en) | 2011-02-09 |
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