CN101863608A - Solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud - Google Patents

Solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud Download PDF

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CN101863608A
CN101863608A CN201010193605A CN201010193605A CN101863608A CN 101863608 A CN101863608 A CN 101863608A CN 201010193605 A CN201010193605 A CN 201010193605A CN 201010193605 A CN201010193605 A CN 201010193605A CN 101863608 A CN101863608 A CN 101863608A
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liquid separation
flocculation
pump
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CN101863608B (en
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骆嘉成
卢立海
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Abstract

The invention discloses a solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud. The method comprises the following steps of: A, collecting and purifying the drilled pile waste mud; B, flocculating the purified mud; C, performing filtration aid treatment on the flocculated mud by taking quicklime powder as a filter aid; and D, performing solid-liquid separation on the mud after filtration aid treatment. Through the process, the waste mud can be treated at the construction site thoroughly and is prevented from discharging to the environment at source; and the available parts in the mud can be well recycled.

Description

Solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud.
Background technology
Drilled pile with its to stratum general applicability, construction technology maturation, good characteristics such as high-bearing capacity can be provided, be widely used in the basis of industry, civil building and structures, but the operational characteristic of drilled pile determines it to certainly lead to a large amount of discarded slurries in construction process, generally speaking, useless slurry amount is 2~4 times of the pore-forming scale of construction.Drilled pile waste mud mainly is made up of water and solid phase particles, metering by volume, general water accounts for 70%~80%, solid phase particles accounts for 20%~30%, according to the solid phase particles particle diameter can be divided into gravel grain group (>2mm); The sand grains group (50 μ m~2mm); Powder group (5 μ m~50 μ m); Clay group (<5 μ m), its boulderet grain group and sand grains group are extremely unstable in water, easily precipitation, can carry out mechanical separation by physics mode, powder group and clay group not only particle diameter are little but also electronegative, and be extremely stable in water, must just can make itself and water sepn by physics-chemical process.
If the useless slurry of drilled pile directly is discharged in the environment without any processing, environment is caused serious harm, can be divided in land harm and the water by its hazard approach difference and endangering.Land harm: in a single day mud be discharged into farmland or the low furrow place of physical features, the vegetation that is covered, biological because of causing death with the atmosphere exchange.In addition, because the clay composition is very stable in the mud, be difficult for dehydration, make Polluted area harmful organism and microorganism breed in a large number, environment is produced pollute, in a single day mud be discharged in the water drain, must make the water drain alluvial influence the surface water discharging.Endanger in the water: mud is discharged in the water body, gravel, the rapid sedimentation alluvial of sand component river course, raise the riverbed, influence navigation and drainage surface water ability, and the clay group spreads out in water, makes the water feculence for a long time, influence organism in water and receive illumination and oxygen exchange, the result causes body eutrophication, detests the health thing and breeds water quality deterioration in a large number.
Present domestic drilled pile waste mud processing mode mainly is: 1. directly be discharged in the water body in river, lake, marine site; 2. be discharged into furrow place, farmland or physical features ground; 3. change by car and boat or pipeline and be discharged to given place.No matter adopt which kind of processing mode, do not change mud environmental pollution composition, do not reduce mud to the environmental emission total amount, just pollute the place and pollution range changes.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud, this technology can be handled discarded slurry at the construction field (site) up hill and dale, stop mud to environmental emission from the source, and can reclaim and utilize again the part utilized in the mud preferably.
Solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud provided by the invention for this reason comprises A, collects drilled pile waste mud and purifying treatment; B, to purify the back mud carry out flocculation treatment; C, adopt calcium lime powder to carry out filter aid processing as flocculating aids to flocculated mud; D, the mud after the filter aid processing is carried out solid-liquid separation.
In such scheme, flocculation treatment can adopt inorganic flocculation treatment, and inorganic flocculating agent is a dry hydrate, the Ca in the dry hydrate (OH) 2Content is greater than 92%, grain diameter is less than 45 μ m, the inorganic flocculating agent usage ratio should be determined by best flocculating effect test, concrete grammar is as follows: the mud after getting 300ml and purify with measuring cup, dry hydrate slowly added do not stop in the measuring cup to stir, stirring velocity is 30~40n/min, is best flocculating effect when the congee shape appears in mud, and record this moment the flocculation agent usage ratio, and determine dry hydrate consumption in the flocculation treatment by the mass ratio of this dry hydrate and mud; Mud after formally carrying out will purifying when inorganic flocculation treatment is operated adopts slush pump to be extracted in the flocculation basin, evenly drops into dry hydrate simultaneously in the pond, utilizes mud circulation to mix automatically.
In such scheme, flocculation treatment can also adopt organic and inorganic mixed flocculation to handle, organic floculant adopts anionic polyacrylamide, inorganic flocculating agent adopts dry hydrate, at first anionic polyacrylamide needs slowly evenly to put into the clear water stirring before as flocculation agent, being diluted to concentration is 0.5 ‰~1.0 ‰ hydro-polyacrylamide solution, stirring velocity is 30~40n/min, churning time is controlled at 30~45min, water temperature is controlled at more than 5 ℃, degree of hydrolysis is controlled at 10%~30%, finally obtains hydro-polyacrylamide solution; Then hydro-polyacrylamide solution is delivered to simultaneously with purification mud and carries out preliminary organic-flocculation in the mud mixer, getting fixedly at this organic floculant anionic polyacrylamide, usage ratio is 0.04 ‰~0.05 ‰ of a mud weight; Then carry out inorganic flocculation, the inorganic flocculating agent usage ratio should be determined by best flocculating effect test, concrete grammar: get 300ml with measuring cup and purify the also mud of the preliminary organic-flocculation of warp, dry hydrate slowly added do not stop in the measuring cup to stir, stirring velocity is 30~40n/min, when the congee shape appears in mud is best flocculating effect, and record inorganic flocculating agent usage ratio this moment, and determine dry hydrate consumption in the flocculation treatment by the mass ratio of this dry hydrate and mud, and record inorganic flocculating agent usage ratio this moment, and press this mass ratio and drop into dry hydrate in the exit of mixing tank, mud mixes in flocculation basin automatically.
Owing among the present invention mud has been implemented flocculation treatment and solid-liquid separation processing, adopting solid-liquid separation to handle back mud separation thing is clear water and mud cake, clear water is made the site operation water, mud cake can be used as on-the-spot stake hole backfill or makes fragment of brick, therefore the mud that originally dyes environment easily obtains appropriate processing, also effectively utilized, both realized economic worth, take into account environmental requirement again, and costs such as the flocculation agent that relates to of this technology that adopts of the present invention and solid-liquid separating equipment are all lower, easy to utilize.In addition, the present invention adopts white lime Ca (OH) 2During as flocculation agent, Ca (OH) 2The overwhelming majority exists with the positively charged colloidal form in water, and solubleness is very low, have only small portion to be ionized into calcium ion and hydroxide ion, calcium ion form the calcium ion hydration shell can also in and the clay particle negative potential, therefore adopt white lime can obtain extraordinary flocculating effect as the flocculation of sludge agent, and the white lime material source is wide, cost is low, proterties is stable, and is little to the clay contaminated after handling.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is inorganic flocculation schema.
Fig. 2 is organic and inorganic mixed flocculation schema.
Fig. 3 is a mud solid-liquid separation schema.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, first kind of embodiment of solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud provided by the invention comprises A, collects drilled pile waste mud and purifying treatment; B, to purify the back mud carry out inorganic flocculation treatment; C, adopt calcium lime powder to carry out filter aid processing as flocculating aids to flocculated mud; D, the mud after the filter aid processing is carried out solid-liquid separation.The concrete enforcement of above-mentioned steps can be adopted following manner:
Steps A, purification of drilling mud
Woven wire is set and three kinds of modes of sand removing machine desanding are any or all combinations of three kinds of modes all can reach the purification of drilling mud effect by mud natural sedimentation, slush pump ingress, its purpose: regulate the mud property index by purification of drilling mud, the mud that satisfies the pore-forming requirement is carried out recycle, reduce the mud solid-liquid separation scale of construction, save energy.Through purification of drilling mud, can reduce its damage with rejecting greater than 20mm hard solid phase particles in the mud to the pump housing, pipeline, pressure filter.
Step B, inorganic flocculation of sludge
1) flocculation of sludge mode: inorganic flocculation
2) flocculation principle: why highly stable mud is difficult for layering, major cause is to contain a large amount of electronegative clay particles in the mud, repel mutually between the particle, it is settlement separate to make fine particle be agglomerated into macrobead, if in mud, add positively charged colloid or cationic substance, can in and the clay particle Partial charge, reduce its electro kinetic potential, its repulsion is reduced, under Van der Waals force between particle and pedesis effect, tiny clay can be agglomerated into macrobead and settle down, and forms solid-liquid two and is separated.
3) flocculation agent: through a large amount of flocculation of sludge tests, take all factors into consideration the influence of flocculation agent cost performance and aquation negatively charged ion, select dry hydrate Ca (OH) 2Make flocculation agent, because white lime exists with the positively charged colloidal form in water, in water a little less than the ionizing event, negatively charged ion OH -Negative interaction is little; This material source is wide on the other hand, cost is low, isolate is polluted few.Flocculation agent specification: Ca (OH) 2Content is greater than 92%, and grain diameter is less than 45 μ m.
4) floc test: before dropping into flocculation agent, should determine flocculation agent content by on-the-spot floc test.Test method: get purification back mud 300ml with measuring cup, in measuring cup, slowly add dry hydrate and even the stirring, stirring velocity 30~40n/min, record dry hydrate consumption when the congee shape appears in mud, promptly best flocculating effect value.General is 1.5 ‰ of mud weight~2.5 ‰ with reference to consumption.
5) flucculation process: according to flow process shown in Figure 1, evenly drop into flocculation agent in the exit of mud mixer, the consumption of flocculation is with reference to best flocculating effect value, and mud automated cycle in flocculation basin mixes.
Step C, mud help filter
1) mud helps the filter purpose: theoretically, just can carry out solid-liquid separation through the mud after the flocculation, but because the water-permeable of filter cake is very poor, every round trip needs 2~3 hours when press filtration, and the mud cake water content is higher is difficult for taking off plate, and every round trip time of filter pressing can shorten to 28~30 minutes after adding an amount of flocculating aids, and the mud cake water content can be controlled in 28%~42%, improves press filtration efficient.
2) mud helps filtration principle: add flocculating aids calcium lime powder (CaO) in flocculated mud, CaO can change the mud cake grain pattern, for mud cake provides porous hole pattern shape skeleton, improves the filter-press dehydration performance.
3) flocculating aids: flocculating aids is calcium lime powder (CaO), and grain diameter is less than 45 μ m, and CaO content is greater than 94%.
4) flocculating aids usage and dosage: after flocculation of sludge is finished, flocculating aids is directly slowly dropped in the flocculation basin, got final product in 10~15 minutes by the slush pump circulation.The flocculating aids consumption: be generally 0.8 ‰~1.0 ‰ of mud weight ratio, concrete optimum amount takes off the plate complexity according to filter cake in 30 minutes time of filter pressing and cake moisture adjusts.
Step D, mud solid-liquid separation
1) major equipment of mud solid-liquid separation: slag stock pump, PP diaphragm filter press, stage chamber pump.
2) PP diaphragm filter plate and filter cloth require: PP barrier film and filter plate material are Reinforced Polypropylene, and ultimate compression strength is greater than 1.6MPa; Filter cloth is an industrial filter cloth, polypropylene filament yarn 750AB, twill, acid and alkali-resistance.
3) solid-liquid separation flow process: as shown in Figure 3, the slag stock pump with pretreated slurry transportation in the filter chamber of pressure filter hollow, most of free water sees through the filter cloth discharge fast in the mud under pump function, solid phase particles in the mud is held back the formation filter cake by filter cloth, open stage chamber pump after closing down the slag stock pump, make the PP barrier film add compression swelling, filter cake pressurized and discharge wherein moisture once more, make filter cake more closely knit, water content reduces.
4) slag stock pump working parameter: the pump amount is greater than 60m 3/ h, pump pressure is controlled at 0.6~0.8MPa, and advancing the slurry time is 28~30 minutes.
5) stage chamber pump working parameter: pump pressure is controlled at 0.8~1.0MPa, and the pressurization time length is 8~10 minutes.
As shown in Figure 2, second kind of embodiment and first kind of embodiment of solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud provided by the invention are basic identical, adopt organic and inorganic mixed flocculation to handle when difference only is flocculation treatment, and its flocculation mode is as follows:
1) flocculation of sludge mode: organic and inorganic mixed flocculation
2) flocculation principle: be chain-like structure after utilizing polyacrylamide (being called for short PAM) hydrolysis, have the group (CONH of adsorption function on its chain 2), this group can adsorb two above solid phase particles simultaneously and form bridging action, when solid phase particles on the adsorption chain is more and more, produces precipitation under action of gravity.Add fixed proportion partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution (being called for short PHP) earlier in mud, make the preliminary organic-flocculation of mud, yet add inorganic flocculating agent and part clay electric charge again, mud produces solid-liquid separation rapidly.
3) flocculation agent: organic floculant: polyacrylamide (PAM), molecular weight are 1000~1,200 ten thousand, anionic; Inorganic flocculating agent: dry hydrate Ca (OH) 2, content is greater than 92%, and particle diameter is less than 45 μ m.
4) floc test: carry out the fixed proportion organic-flocculation earlier, flocculation agent (PAM) consumption is controlled at 0.04 ‰~0.05 ‰, then flocculated mud is carried out inorganic floc test, record dry hydrate consumption when the congee shape appears in mud, be best flocculating effect value, this value term of reference is generally 0.04 ‰~0.08 ‰ of mud weight.
5) flucculation process: by flow process shown in Figure 2, earlier PAM is made concentration 0.5 ‰~1.0 ‰ PHP solution, degree of hydrolysis is controlled at 10%~30%, by electronic METERING DIAPHRAGM PUMPS PHP solution and regular mud volume pump will be purified back mud is transported to simultaneously and carries out preliminary organic-flocculation in the mud mixer, throw in inorganic flocculating agent at the mixer outlet place according to floc test best effect value ratio, mud automated cycle in flocculation basin mixes.
The core process of the above-mentioned two kinds of embodiment of the present invention comprises flocculation process, filter aid processing and solid-liquid separation process, wherein flocculation process principle and embodiment are as follows: add an amount of organic floculant (hydro-polyacrylamide PHP solution) or inorganic flocculating agent (dry hydrate) in discarded slurry, after flocculation reaction, the solid phase small-particle is agglomerated into macrobead in the mud, and the solid-liquid two-phase produces layering under action of gravity.
Filter aid processing and solid-liquid separation process principle and embodiment are as follows: add an amount of flocculating aids (calcium lime powder) to flocculated mud, after stirring, deliver to by high-pressure pump in the filter chamber of the PP diaphragm filter press that is compressed by oil pressure, under pump function, most of free water sees through filter cloth fast in the mud, the filter opening of panel edges is discharged pressure filter after filtration, whole solid phase particles are trapped within and form filter cake on the filter cloth in the mud, again through PP membrane becomes expanded compression filter cake, residuary water is further discharged, can be controlled in 28%~42% by densification filter cake residual moisture content, the oil hydraulic system automatically unloading, unclamp membrane filter plate, mud cake takes off plate automatically, finishes the mud solid-liquid separation, and solid phase isolate (mud cake) proportion is about 1.85, water content can be controlled in 27%~42%, can be used as on-the-spot stake hole backfill soil and sintered clay brick.
In order to verify solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud validity provided by the invention, the operation case that also has two examples to implement can be for reference, according to following two engineering practices, mud solid-liquid separation cost is directly transported outward cost with mud and is compared, and can save 15~20%.
Case 1, certain maintenance stake engineering, a stake type is the machine drilling castinplace pile, the construction stratum characteristic is that sand is main, process using flow process shown in Figure 2, treatment of mud every day actual volume is about 400m 3Mud solid-liquid separating equipment type selecting: pressure filter GY-350, it is 520~600 cubic metres that day is handled the mud ability, advance slurry equipment and select slag stock pump GMZ100-80-80, the flocculation of sludge mode is the organic-inorganic mixed flocculation, organic floculant is selected anionic polyacrylamide (being called for short PAM) for use, molecular weight is 1,200 ten thousand, consumption is 0.046 ‰ of a mud weight, inorganic flocculating agent is selected the technical pure dry hydrate for use, and particle diameter is less than 45 μ m, and consumption is 0.5 ‰ of a mud weight, separating the solid hmc that obtains is 42mm, and water content is 32%~38%.
Case 2, certain high building pile foundation engineering, the stake type is the machine drilling castinplace pile, and the stake footpath is φ 1100mm, and the stake number is 289, and the discarded slurry volume is about 64000m 3, stratum characteristic is based on sand, process using flow process shown in Figure 1, and Construction of Engineering Pile period average mud capacity every day is about 210m 3, the mud solid-liquid separating equipment is selected for use: pressure filter GY-200, day processing mud ability 300~350m 3Advance slurry equipment and select slag stock pump GMZ100-80-60, the flocculation of sludge mode is inorganic flocculation, inorganic flocculating agent is the technical pure dry hydrate, particle diameter less than particle diameter less than 45 μ m, consumption is 0.72 ‰ of a mud weight, and separating the solid hmc that obtains is 28~32mm, and water content is 35%~42%.

Claims (10)

1. a solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud is characterized in that: comprise A, collect drilled pile waste mud and purifying treatment; B, to purify the back mud carry out flocculation treatment; C, adopt calcium lime powder to carry out filter aid processing as flocculating aids to flocculated mud; D, the mud after the filter aid processing is carried out solid-liquid separation.
2. according to the described solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the purifying treatment method in the steps A comprises natural sedimentation and/or in the slush pump ingress of collecting mud woven wire and/or sand removing machine desanding is set that the mud after requiring to purify can not contain particle diameter greater than 20mm hard solid phase particles.
3. solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the flocculation treatment among the step B adopts inorganic flocculation treatment, and inorganic flocculating agent is a dry hydrate, the Ca in the dry hydrate (OH) 2Content is greater than 92%, grain diameter is less than 45 μ m, the inorganic flocculating agent usage ratio should be determined by best flocculating effect test, concrete grammar is as follows: the mud after getting 300ml and purify with measuring cup, dry hydrate slowly added do not stop in the measuring cup to stir, stirring velocity is 30~40n/min, is best flocculating effect when the congee shape appears in mud, and record this moment the flocculation agent usage ratio, and determine dry hydrate consumption in the flocculation treatment by the mass ratio of this dry hydrate and mud; Mud after formally carrying out will purifying when inorganic flocculation treatment is operated adopts slush pump to be extracted in the flocculation basin, evenly drops into dry hydrate simultaneously in the pond, utilizes mud circulation to mix automatically.
4. solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the flocculation treatment among the step B can adopt organic and inorganic mixed flocculation to handle, organic floculant adopts anionic polyacrylamide, inorganic flocculating agent adopts dry hydrate, at first anionic polyacrylamide needs slowly evenly to put into the clear water stirring before as flocculation agent, being diluted to concentration is 0.5 ‰~1.0 ‰ hydro-polyacrylamide solution, stirring velocity is 30~40n/min, churning time is controlled at 30~45min, water temperature is controlled at more than 5 ℃, degree of hydrolysis is controlled at 10%~30%, finally obtains hydro-polyacrylamide solution; Then hydro-polyacrylamide solution is delivered to simultaneously with purification mud and carries out preliminary organic-flocculation in the mud mixer, getting fixedly at this organic floculant anionic polyacrylamide, usage ratio is 0.04 ‰~0.05 ‰ of a mud weight; Then carry out inorganic flocculation, the inorganic flocculating agent usage ratio should be determined by best flocculating effect test, concrete grammar: get 300ml with measuring cup and purify the also mud of the preliminary organic-flocculation of warp, dry hydrate slowly added do not stop in the measuring cup to stir, stirring velocity is 30~40n/min, when the congee shape appears in mud is best flocculating effect, and record inorganic flocculating agent usage ratio this moment, and determine dry hydrate consumption in the flocculation treatment by the mass ratio of this dry hydrate and mud, and record inorganic flocculating agent usage ratio this moment, and press this mass ratio and drop into dry hydrate in the exit of mixing tank, mud mixes in flocculation basin automatically.
5. solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the flocculating aids that adopts among the step C is a calcium lime powder, CaO content is greater than 94% in the flocculating aids calcium lime powder, grain diameter is less than 45 μ m, consumption is 0.8 ‰ of mud weight~1.0 ‰, concrete consumption can take off the plate complexity and water content is adjusted according to filter cake, directly flocculating aids is evenly dropped into during use in the flocculated mud and with the slush pump circulation and mixes 10~15 minutes.
6. solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the flocculating aids that adopts among the step C is a calcium lime powder, CaO content is greater than 94% in the flocculating aids calcium lime powder, grain diameter is less than 45 μ m, consumption is 0.8 ‰ of mud weight~1.0 ‰, concrete consumption can take off the plate complexity and water content is adjusted according to filter cake, directly flocculating aids is evenly dropped into during use in the flocculated mud and with the slush pump circulation and mixes 10~15 minutes.
7. solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the mud solid-liquid separation among the step D is handled and can be adopted pressure filter to carry out, pressure filter adopts the PP diaphragm filter press, the pressure filter model, specification is according to day mud capacity selection, require pressure filter lamina membranacea pressure greater than 1.6MPa, adopt the slag stock pump that mud is imported pressure filter, pump pressure is controlled at 0.6~0.8MPa, be 28~30 minutes input time, the PP barrier film adopts the stage chamber pump pressurization, pump pressure is controlled at 0.8~1.0MPa, and be 8~10 minutes clamping time, separates with mud cake through clear water after the press filtration.
8. solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the mud solid-liquid separation among the step D is handled and can be adopted pressure filter to carry out, pressure filter adopts the PP diaphragm filter press, the pressure filter model, specification is according to day mud capacity selection, require pressure filter lamina membranacea pressure greater than 1.6MPa, adopt the slag stock pump that mud is imported pressure filter, pump pressure is controlled at 0.6~0.8MPa, be 28~30 minutes input time, the PP barrier film adopts the stage chamber pump pressurization, pump pressure is controlled at 0.8~1.0MPa, and be 8~10 minutes clamping time, separates with mud cake through clear water after the press filtration.
9. solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the mud solid-liquid separation among the step D is handled and can be adopted pressure filter to carry out, pressure filter adopts the PP diaphragm filter press, the pressure filter model, specification is according to day mud capacity selection, require pressure filter lamina membranacea pressure greater than 1.6MPa, adopt the slag stock pump that mud is imported pressure filter, pump pressure is controlled at 0.6~0.8MPa, be 28~30 minutes input time, the PP barrier film adopts the stage chamber pump pressurization, pump pressure is controlled at 0.8~1.0MPa, and be 8~10 minutes clamping time, separates with mud cake through clear water after the press filtration.
10. solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the mud solid-liquid separation among the step D is handled and can be adopted pressure filter to carry out, pressure filter adopts the PP diaphragm filter press, the pressure filter model, specification is according to day mud capacity selection, require pressure filter lamina membranacea pressure greater than 1.6MPa, adopt the slag stock pump that mud is imported pressure filter, pump pressure is controlled at 0.6~0.8MPa, be 28~30 minutes input time, the PP barrier film adopts the stage chamber pump pressurization, pump pressure is controlled at 0.8~1.0MPa, and be 8~10 minutes clamping time, separates with mud cake through clear water after the press filtration.
CN 201010193605 2010-06-02 2010-06-02 Solid-liquid separation process for drilled pile waste mud Expired - Fee Related CN101863608B (en)

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