CN101862919B - Thick-plate AZ31 magnesium alloy welding joint and double-sided welding method thereof - Google Patents
Thick-plate AZ31 magnesium alloy welding joint and double-sided welding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101862919B CN101862919B CN2010102108351A CN201010210835A CN101862919B CN 101862919 B CN101862919 B CN 101862919B CN 2010102108351 A CN2010102108351 A CN 2010102108351A CN 201010210835 A CN201010210835 A CN 201010210835A CN 101862919 B CN101862919 B CN 101862919B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a thick-plate AZ31 magnesium alloy welding joint and a double-sided welding method thereof, which belong to the technical field of welding process in material processing engineering and particularly provides a high-strength AZ31 magnesium alloy welding joint with the thickness of 20 to 30mm and a double-sided welding method thereof. The bevel type of the welding joint is X-shaped, the bevel angle is 90 to 105 degrees, the truncated edge is 1mm, and the root gap is 0; the welding defects of air holes, incomplete fusion, deformation and the like generated in the priming welding process of thick-plate magnesium alloys are solved by increasing the bevel angle; back welding and root cleaning treatment is avoided, and the welding efficiency is improved by reducing the size of the truncated edge, shortening the root gap and adjusting the priming welding linear energy to be directly and fully penetrated to the root; and the welding joint with the tensile strength reaching 98% of a parent metal is obtained by optimizing process parameters. The method has low cost, simple process and convenient operation and provides a technical support for the application in the fields with high requirements for magnesium alloy strength.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31 and two-sided welding method thereof, high strength AZ31 magnesium alloy weld joint that particularly a kind of 20～30mm is thick and two-sided welding method thereof belong to the welding technique field in the Materials Processing Engineering.
Background technology
Characteristics such as magnesium alloy has that chemical activity height, molten boiling point are low, thermal conductivity factor and thermal coefficient of expansion are big, welding process are easy to generate slag inclusion, pore, distortion, crackle and problem such as overheated, have seriously hindered the application of its welding structural element.Domestic and international many scientific research institutions and colleges and universities have all carried out the welding of magnesium alloy, but only limit to the welding of (being less than or equal to 10mm) of its thin plate, and along with the application of high-strength magnesium alloy on lightweight armor, the welding fabrication of slab magnesium alloy begins to receive publicity.
In general, the welding point of the thick metal material thick above 20mm need be offered groove and weld, and groove type generally adopts symmetrical X type, and bevel angle is 60 °～70 °, and root face is of a size of 2mm, and the play movement is 1～2mm.According to this parameter, find through a large amount of exploitative experiments early stage, allow under the loaded current situation at tungsten electrode, adjustment welding current, speed of welding and wire feed rate, still there is obvious incomplete fusion in prime coat, not defective such as penetration and pore.Analyzing reason mainly is that bevel angle is too little; Root is point too, in the welding process because electric arc receives the low-angle groove face contained makes energy pass through groove face to run off to both sides, thereby make the root underheat; Continue to increase welding current, can cause the scaling loss of electric arc instability and alloying element.
Two-sided welding root generally leaves the gap, and purpose is for penetration, because high temperature solution flows to the back side from the gap, must arrive during the reverse side welding and carry out back chipping on planer or the milling machine, influences welding efficiency.
Parameters Optimization is the of paramount importance aspect of weld job, and technological parameter selects whether rationally directly to have influence on joint quality.A large amount of experiment discoveries in early stage, the success or failure of slab bottoming welding are directly connected to the success or failure of whole welding, though can control the actual heat input of importing mother metal through adjustment welding current, speed of welding and three parameters of wire feed rate, it is complicated to have blindness and process.
Summary of the invention
The defective blank to prior art cut deal magnesium alloy solder technology, that the AZ31 magnesium alloy solder technology that especially 20～30mm is thick is blank the invention provides a kind of magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31 and two-sided welding method thereof.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention provides following technical proposals:
A kind of magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31, groove type are the X type of symmetry, and it is characterized in that: the bevel angle of said welding point is 90 °～105 °, and root face is of a size of 1mm, and root gap is 0.
Wherein, the thickness range of said welding point sheet material is 18～30mm.
A kind of two-sided welding method of magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31 comprises the steps:
(1) prepares before the weldering
Cleaning sheet material and welding wire surface dirt carry out 100～200 ℃ of The pre-heat treatment with sheet material, and the time is 1～2 hour; After the taking-up that welding surface is residual chemical spot and oxide-film are cleaned out; Mount is good, and welding gun and welding direction keep 100～105 °, and wire guiding nipple tilts 20～30 °; The starting the arc is aimed at welding wire before and is guaranteed that welding wire is positioned at the most advanced and sophisticated bottom of welding gun tungsten electrode, is retracted to welding wire in the wire guiding nipple at last with welding gun tungsten electrode.
(2) welding
Welding is divided into the bottoming welding, fills welding and cover welding; Every weldering is intact clears up after together, descend welding together after 2～3 minutes, after the single face welding finishes, treats after the work-piece cools that dismounting directly carries out reverse side and weld; The positive and negative parameters of welding is: arc voltage 10～11V, and AC balance (interchange equilibrium valve) 4.5～5, purity is argon flow amount 14～16L/min of 99.9%; The bottoming welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 115～145cm/min fills welding: when electric current 275～285A, speed of welding 25～30cm/min, wire feed rate 120～145cm/min; When electric current 265～275A, speed of welding 20～25cm/min, wire feed rate 100～120cm/min; Cover welding: when electric current 275～285A, speed of welding 25～30cm/min, wire feed rate 120～145cm/min; When electric current 265～275A, speed of welding 20～25cm/min, wire feed rate 100～120cm/min.
Wherein, said welding wire is that diameter is the AZ61 magnesium alloy solder wire of 2.4mm; After positive welding finished, the reverse side welding need not back chipping and handles; The welding method that is adopted is argon tungsten-arc welding, and tungsten electrode carries alternating current scope: 240～350A; Tungsten electrode is preferably the cerium tungsten of diameter 4mm, and nozzle diameter is 16mm.
Wherein, preferred positive and negative welding condition is: arc voltage 11V, AC balance 4.5; Purity is 99.9% argon flow amount 14L/min, bottoming welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min; Wire feed rate 115cm/min; Fill welding: when electric current 275～285A, speed of welding 25～30cm/min, wire feed rate 120～145cm/min; When electric current 265～275A, speed of welding 20～25cm/min, wire feed rate 100～120cm/min, cover welding: when electric current 275～285A, speed of welding 25～30cm/min, wire feed rate 120～145cm/min; When electric current 265～275A, speed of welding 20～25cm/min, wire feed rate 100～120cm/min, the joint tensile strength for preparing reaches mother metal 98%.
Beneficial effect
1. the grooves of welding joints angle increases, the flow regime and the heat transmission means of argon gas when having improved low-angle groove bottoming welding, and appearance of weld is attractive in appearance;
2. arc voltage is fixed, the molten wide 14mm that remains on basically, during cosmetic welding about the twice weld seam can be comparatively intact the completion capping fill;
3. the welding point root does not stay the gap, and the back side need not logical argon gas and protects, and when carrying out the reverse side welding, need not to carry out back chipping through planer or milling machine, directly clears up and can weld with wire brush, obviously improves welding efficiency;
4. pass through fixedly speed of welding and welding current, only utilize the minimizing wire feed rate to control actual input mother metal weld heat input, simple to operation, welding effect is good, can obtain the welding point that tensile strength reaches mother metal 98%.
The specific embodiment
In order to prove absolutely the mode of characteristic of the present invention and embodiment of the present invention, provide embodiment below.In following examples, the groove type of welding point is the X type of symmetry, and root face is of a size of 1mm, and root gap is 0.
It is the AZ61 magnesium alloy solder wire of 2.4mm that welding wire adopts diameter; Tungsten electrode adopts the cerium tungsten of diameter 4mm, carries alternating current scope: 240～350A; Purity of argon is 99.9%.
Embodiment 1
With bevel angle is 90 °, and thickness is 6 of 20mm
#Sheet material is put into 20% salpeter solution etch 2min, puts into preheating cabinet afterwards and carries out 100 ℃ of preheatings, takes out after 1 hour; Wire brushing groove face and apart from groove center line 30mm plate surface; Chemical spot and oxide-film that welding surface is residual are cleaned out, and it is good to put on the testing stand mount then rapidly, and root gap is 0; Welding gun and welding direction keep 105 °, and wire guiding nipple tilts 25 °.Welding is divided into the bottoming welding, fills welding and cover welding, and the positive and negative welding condition is provided with as follows: arc voltage 11V; AC balance 4.5, argon flow amount 14L/min; Bottoming welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 145cm/min; Fill welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 145cm/min; Cover welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 120cm/min.After intact one of every weldering, must clear up, descend welding together after 2 minutes with wire brush.After single face welding finishes, treat that work-piece cools gets off to carry out the reverse side welding again.After whole welding process finishes, process 3 samples and carry out tension test and metallographic preparation.Joint stretching sample is processed according to GB GB2651-89; The metallographic sample corrosion liquid formula is: picric acid 4.2g, acetic acid 10ml, distilled water 10ml, alcohol 66ml, etching time 3s.Result of the test shows 3 stretching samples 6
#-1,6
#-2 and 6
#-3 fracture position is all at weld seam, and initial crackle expanding location is all at root, and tensile strength average 155MPa is 61% of strength of parent, and concrete test data is seen 1:20 ℃ of sheet material tension test tables of data of table.
Embodiment 2
With bevel angle is 95 °, and thickness is 7 of 20mm
#Sheet material is put into 20% salpeter solution etch 2min, puts into preheating cabinet and carries out 150 ℃ of preheatings, takes out after 1.5 hours; Wire brushing groove face and apart from groove center line 30mm plate surface; Chemical spot and oxide-film that welding surface is residual are cleaned out, and it is good to put on the testing stand mount then rapidly, and root gap is 0; Welding gun and welding direction keep 100 °, and wire guiding nipple tilts 20 °.Welding is divided into the bottoming welding, fills welding and cover welding, and the positive and negative welding condition is provided with as follows: arc voltage 10V, AC balance 5, argon flow amount 15L/min; Bottoming welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 135cm/min; Fill welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 135cm/min; Cover welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 135cm/min.After intact one of every weldering, must clear up, descend welding together after 2 minutes with wire brush.After single face welding finishes, treat that work-piece cools gets off to carry out the reverse side welding again, after whole welding process finishes, process that 3 samples carry out tension test and metallographic prepares.Joint stretching sample is processed according to GB GB2651-89; The metallographic sample corrosion liquid formula is: picric acid 4.2g, acetic acid 10ml, distilled water 10ml, alcohol 66ml, etching time 2s.Result of the test shows 7
#-2 break at the heat affected area, and 7
#-1 and 7
#-3 stretching breakage positions are at weld seam, and initial crackle expanding location is all at root, and tensile strength average 197MPa is 78% of strength of parent, and concrete test data is seen 1:20 ℃ of sheet material tension test tables of data of table.
Embodiment 3
With bevel angle is 100 °, and thickness is 8 of 20mm
#Sheet material is put into 20% salpeter solution etch 2min, puts into preheating cabinet and carries out 200 ℃ of preheatings, takes out after 1 hour; Wire brushing groove face and apart from groove center line 30mm plate surface; Chemical spot and oxide-film that welding surface is residual are cleaned out, and it is good to put on the testing stand mount then rapidly, and root gap is 0; Welding gun and welding direction keep 105 °, and wire guiding nipple tilts 30 °.Welding is divided into the bottoming welding, fills welding and cover welding, and welding condition is provided with as follows: arc voltage 11V, AC balance 4.5, argon flow amount 16L/min; Positive and negative bottoming welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 125cm/min; The positive filling welded: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 120cm/min; Positive cover welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 135cm/min; Reverse side is filled welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 30cm/min, wire feed rate 135cm/min; Reverse side cover welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 30cm/min, wire feed rate 145cm/min.After intact one of every weldering, must clear up, descend welding together after 2 minutes with wire brush.After single face welding finishes, treat that work-piece cools gets off to carry out the reverse side welding again.After whole welding process finishes, process 3 samples and carry out tension test and metallographic preparation.Joint stretching sample is processed according to GB GB2651-89; The metallographic sample corrosion liquid formula is: picric acid 4.2g, acetic acid 10ml, distilled water 10ml, alcohol 66ml, etching time 3s.Result of the test shows 8
#-1 and 8
#-2 sheet material fracture positions are still at weld seam, and 8
#-3 sheet materials then break at the heat affected area, and tensile strength average 217MPa reaches 86% of strength of parent, and concrete test data is seen 1:20 ℃ of sheet material tension test tables of data of table.
Embodiment 4
With bevel angle is 105 °, and thickness is 9 of 20mm
#Sheet material is put into 20% salpeter solution etch 2min, puts into preheating cabinet and carries out 100 ℃ of preheatings, takes out after 2 hours; Wire brushing groove face and apart from groove center line 30mm plate surface; Chemical spot and oxide-film that welding surface is residual are cleaned out, and it is good to put on the testing stand mount then rapidly, and root gap is 0; Welding gun and welding direction keep 100 °, and wire guiding nipple tilts 20 °.Welding is divided into the bottoming welding, fills welding and cover welding, and welding condition is provided with as follows: arc voltage 10V, AC balance 5, argon flow amount 14L/min; Positive and negative bottoming welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 115cm/min; The positive filling welded: electric current 265A, speed of welding 20cm/min, wire feed rate 120cm/min; Positive cover welding: electric current 265A, speed of welding 20cm/min, wire feed rate 120cm/min; Reverse side is filled welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 30cm/min, wire feed rate 120cm/min; Reverse side cover welding: electric current 265A, speed of welding 20cm/min, wire feed rate 120cm/min.After intact one of every weldering, must clear up, descend welding together after 2 minutes with wire brush.After single face welding finishes, treat that work-piece cools gets off to carry out the reverse side welding again.After whole welding process finishes, process 3 samples and carry out tension test and metallographic preparation.Joint stretching sample is processed according to GB GB2651-89; The metallographic sample corrosion liquid formula is: picric acid 4.2g, acetic acid 10ml, distilled water 10ml, alcohol 66ml, etching time 2s.Result of the test 9
#-1 sheet material breaks at the heat affected area, and 9
#-2 and 9
#-3 sheet materials all break at the mother metal zone, and the tensile strength average rises to 247MPa, reach mother metal 98%, find the complete penetration of tow sides through metallographic, have received good effect, and concrete test data is seen 1:20 ℃ of sheet material tension test tables of data of table.
Show 1:20 ℃ of sheet material tension test tables of data
The present invention includes but be not limited to above embodiment, every any replacement or local improvement of being equal to of under spirit of the present invention and principle, carrying out all will be regarded as within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31, groove type are the X type of symmetry, and it is characterized in that: the bevel angle of said welding point is 90 °～105 °, and root face is of a size of 1mm, and root gap is 0.
2. a kind of magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31 according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said welding point sheet metal thickness size range is 18～30mm.
3. the two-sided welding method of magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31 as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: welding method comprises the steps:
(1) prepares before the weldering
Cleaning sheet material and welding wire surface dirt carry out 100～200 ℃ of The pre-heat treatment with sheet material, and the time is 1～2 hour; After the taking-up that welding surface is residual chemical spot and oxide-film are cleaned out; Mount is good, and welding gun and welding direction keep 100～105 °, and wire guiding nipple tilts 20～30 °; The starting the arc is aimed at welding wire before and is guaranteed that welding wire is positioned at the most advanced and sophisticated bottom of tungsten electrode, is retracted to welding wire in the wire guiding nipple at last with welding gun tungsten electrode;
(2) welding
Welding being divided into bottoming welding, filling welding and cover welding, and every weldering is intact clears up after together, descend welding together after 2～3 minutes, after the single face welding finishes, treats after the work-piece cools that dismounting directly carries out reverse side and weld; The positive and negative welding condition is: arc voltage 10～11V, exchange equilibrium valve 4.5～5, and purity is argon flow amount 14～16L/min of 99.9%; Bottoming welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min, wire feed rate 115～145cm/min; Fill welding: when electric current 275～285A, speed of welding 25～30cm/min, wire feed rate 120～145cm/min; When electric current 265～275A, speed of welding 20～25cm/min, wire feed rate 100～120cm/min; Cover welding: when electric current 275～285A, speed of welding 25～30cm/min, wire feed rate 120～145cm/min; When electric current 265～275A, speed of welding 20～25cm/min, wire feed rate 100～120cm/min.
4. the two-sided welding method of a kind of magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31 according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: said welding wire is that diameter is the AZ61 magnesium alloy solder wire of 2.4mm.
5. the two-sided welding method of a kind of magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31 according to claim 3 is characterized in that: after positive welding finished, the reverse side welding need not back chipping and handles.
6. the two-sided welding method of a kind of magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31 according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the welding method that is adopted is argon tungsten-arc welding, tungsten electrode carries alternating current scope: 240～350A.
7. according to the two-sided welding method of claim 3 or 6 described a kind of magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31, it is characterized in that: said tungsten electrode is preferably the cerium tungsten of diameter 4mm, and nozzle diameter is 16mm.
8. the two-sided welding method of a kind of magnesium alloy welded joint of thick plate AZ 31 according to claim 3 is characterized in that: preferred positive and negative welding condition is: arc voltage 11V exchanges equilibrium valve 4.5; Purity is 99.9% argon flow amount 14L/min, bottoming welding: electric current 285A, speed of welding 25cm/min; Wire feed rate 115cm/min; Fill welding: when electric current 275～285A, speed of welding 25～30cm/min, wire feed rate 120～145cm/min; When electric current 265～275A, speed of welding 20～25cm/min, wire feed rate 100～120cm/min; Cover welding: when electric current 275～285A, speed of welding 25～30cm/min, wire feed rate 120～145cm/min; When electric current 265～275A, speed of welding 20～25cm/min, wire feed rate 100～120cm/min.
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Families Citing this family (7)
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| CN102225488A (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2011-10-26 | 常州市伟泰电子科技有限公司 | Welding process of aluminium-magnesium alloy sheet |
| CN105108280A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-12-02 | 安徽富煌钢构股份有限公司 | Welding method of high-molybdenum stainless steel plate |
| CN105499759A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-04-20 | 天津东义镁制品股份有限公司 | Processing method for improving performance of welding joint of AZ31B magnesium alloy plate |
| CN105397247A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-03-16 | 山东银光钰源轻金属精密成型有限公司 | Welding technology of dissimilar magnesium alloy profile |
| CN109108431A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2019-01-01 | 招商局重工（江苏）有限公司 | A kind of welding method of super thick steel-casting |
| CN109483053A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-19 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | A kind of laser compound welding process of high-strength magnesium alloy thick plate |
| CN110181149A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-30 | 驻马店大力天骏专用汽车制造有限公司 | A kind of magnesium alloy welding method |
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