CN101861452B - High expansion ratio internal combustion engine - Google Patents

High expansion ratio internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101861452B
CN101861452B CN2009801004365A CN200980100436A CN101861452B CN 101861452 B CN101861452 B CN 101861452B CN 2009801004365 A CN2009801004365 A CN 2009801004365A CN 200980100436 A CN200980100436 A CN 200980100436A CN 101861452 B CN101861452 B CN 101861452B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
intake valve
combustion engine
valve
variable
phase
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN2009801004365A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101861452A (en
Inventor
泽田大作
神山荣一
河崎高志
中坂幸博
秋久大辅
久湊直人
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0223—Variable control of the intake valves only
    • F02D13/0234—Variable control of the intake valves only changing the valve timing only
    • F02D13/0238—Variable control of the intake valves only changing the valve timing only by shifting the phase, i.e. the opening periods of the valves are constant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0257—Independent control of two or more intake or exhaust valves respectively, i.e. one of two intake valves remains closed or is opened partially while the other is fully opened
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0269—Controlling the valves to perform a Miller-Atkinson cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/2405—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically by means of a hydraulic adjusting device located between the cylinder head and rocker arm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L2003/25—Valve configurations in relation to engine
    • F01L2003/251—Large number of valves, e.g. five or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/32—Miller cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D2041/002—Controlling intake air by simultaneous control of throttle and variable valve actuation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a high expansion ratio internal combustion engine accomplished by utilizing a variable valve mechanism in which makes the phase of a part of a plurality of intake valves provided in respective cylinders is variable and the phase of the remaining intake valves is invariable. The high expansion ratio internal combustion engine comprises a variable compression ratio mechanism for changing the mechanical compression ratio of the internal combustion engine, and a variable valve mechanism in which the phase of a part of a plurality of intake valves is variable and the phase of the remaining intake valves is fixed. The action angle of the variable phase intake valve is set larger than the action angle of the fixed phase intake valve. The valve opening timing of the variable phase intake valve is set to lag behind the valve opening timing of the fixed phase intake valve when the internal combustion engine is in low load driving state.

Description

High expansion ratio internal combustion engine
Technical field
The present invention relates to the internal-combustion engine that can under high expansion ratio, move.
Background technique
In a plurality of intake valves on being configured in each cylinder, the phase place of a part is made as the valve system (valve mechanism) variable, that remaining phase place is fixing well-known (for example, with reference to patent documentation 1).
In addition, high expansion ratio internal combustion engine well-known as described below (for example, with reference to patent documentation 2): possess variable compression ratio and variable valve actuator for air, the ratio (mechanical compression ratio) of the volume of the cylinder of volume (combustion chamber volume) when being positioned at lower dead center with piston of the cylinder when this variable compression ratio change piston is positioned at top dead center, this variable valve actuator for air change combustion chamber volume with IC Intake Valve Closes the time cylinder in the ratio (effective compression ratio) of volume, when the duty ratio of internal-combustion engine is hanged down, reduce effective compression ratio while improving mechanical compression ratio, improve as much as possible thus expansion ratio.
Patent documentation 1: Japanese kokai publication hei 03-088907 communique
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2007-303423 communique
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to utilize variable valve actuator for air that high expansion ratio internal combustion engine is set up, the phase place that this variable valve actuator for air will be arranged on the part in a plurality of intake valves on each cylinder is made as variable and is made as remaining phase place constant.
The present invention has adopted following technological scheme in order to solve above-mentioned problem.
That is, high expansion ratio internal combustion engine of the present invention comprises:
Variable compression ratio, the mechanical compression ratio of its change internal-combustion engine;
Variable valve actuator for air, its part with a plurality of intake valves is made as phase variable, and remaining intake valve is made as phase place fixes; With
Control unit when it is in the underrun state at internal-combustion engine, is controlled variable valve actuator for air in the mode that the action of the action of the intake valve of the phase variable intake valve fixing with respect to phase place postpones.
When high expansion ratio internal combustion engine is in the underrun state, improve expansion ratio in order to improve the thermal efficiency.As the method that improves expansion ratio, can illustration improve the method for the mechanical compression ratio of internal-combustion engine.
But, if mechanical compression ratio and effective compression ratio are roughly equal, even exist internal-combustion engine to be in the danger that the underrun state can not be avoided pinking.Therefore, need to by utilize variable valve actuator for air make intake valve close timing (regularly, timing) postpone, on one side keep expansion ratio to such an extent that higher one side reduces effective compression ratio.
But, require in recent years the miniaturization and of internal-combustion engine.For such requirement, high expansion ratio internal combustion engine involved in the present invention comprises that a part of intake valve in a plurality of intake valves that only will be arranged on the cylinder is made as the variable valve actuator for air of phase variable, when this internal-combustion engine is in the underrun state, make phase variable intake valve (below, be called " phase variable valve ") the action of the action intake valve fixing with respect to phase place (below, be called " phase place is valve fixedly ") postpone.
According to such high expansion ratio internal combustion engine, when this internal-combustion engine is in the underrun state, also can make the phase variable valve close timing than phase place fixedly valve close timing retard.
Its result, on one side can realize the miniaturization and of internal-combustion engine, Yi Bian improve the expansion ratio of internal-combustion engine.
In addition, in the present invention, also can with the working angle of phase variable valve than phase place fixedly the large mode of working angle of valve consist of variable valve actuator for air.
The expansion ratio of high expansion ratio internal combustion engine when improving underrun as much as possible brought up to peak with mechanical compression ratio sometimes.Under these circumstances, combustion chamber volume extremely diminishes, so easily produce the interference (valve impacts, valve stamp) of intake valve and piston.Impact for fear of valve, must with phase place fixedly the unlatching timing of valve set than common internal combustion engine delay.Its result when internal-combustion engine is in the high load running state, need to make the unlatching timing of phase variable valve in advance to guarantee the air amount amount.
At this moment, if fixedly the working angle of valve is equal for the working angle of phase variable valve and phase place, then the phase variable valve close timing than phase place fixedly valve in advance, so be difficult to make the air amount amount to be increased to aim parameter.On the other hand, although can consider to make the fixedly roughly equal method of timing of closing of valve of timing and phase place of closing of phase variable valve, have the possibility that the charging efficiency that causes the air inlet that the minimizing by the valve overlap amount causes descends or the pumping loss of air inlet increases.
Relative therewith, fixedly the working angle of valve is large if the working angle that makes the phase variable valve is than phase place, even the unlatching timing that makes the phase variable valve when high load running in advance, can prevent that also the timing of closing of this phase variable valve from excessively shifting to an earlier date.Its result, the deficiency of the air amount amount in the time of can relaxing high load running.
In addition, according to the present invention, close timing when significantly postponing what make the phase variable valve for the purpose that reduces effective compression ratio, can enlarge total flow path area (phase place is the summation of the unlatching flow path area of the unlatching flow path area of valve and phase variable valve fixedly).Its result, the flow losses in the time of not only can suppressing air inlet and flow in from suction port to cylinder (for example, the restriction loss of air inlet during by intake valve), and can suppress air inlet flow losses during to the suction port adverse current in the cylinder.
In addition, make for the purpose that reduces effective compression ratio the phase variable valve close timing retard the time, in phase place fixedly after the closing of valve, whole mobile to suction port via the phase variable valve to the air inlet of suction port adverse current in the cylinder.Restriction loss when therefore, air inlet is flowed via the phase variable valve becomes large.Especially, in high expansion ratio internal combustion engine, what have the phase variable valve closes timing retard to compression stroke situation midway, so that the increase of above-mentioned restriction loss becomes is remarkable.
Therefore, fixedly the curtain district area of valve is large for variable valve actuator for air involved in the present invention curtain district (curtain) the Area Ratio phase place that also can constitute the phase variable valve.Here said " curtain district area " is valve umbrella (man's cap used in ancient times Umbrella) part that the connects opening state area with the cylindrical portions may of valve seat (valve seat).
When consisting of variable valve actuator for air like this, can relax the increase of above-mentioned restriction loss.Its result can effectively reduce effective compression ratio.
In addition, as other method of the increase that relaxes the restriction loss of phase variable valve before will closing, the minimizing speed (reduction of the curtain district area of time per unit (predetermined crank angle)) of the curtain district area when variable valve actuator for air is constituted the closing motion of this phase variable valve than phase place fixedly the minimizing speed height of the curtain district area the during closing motion of valve be effective.
According to the method, the curtain district area of phase variable valve sharply reduces, so can relax the increase that the phase variable valve has just been closed front restriction loss.
In addition, the method of the minimizing speed of the curtain district area during as the closing motion that improves the phase variable valve, the lift amount (maximum lift) that can illustration makes this phase variable valve is than the fixing large method of lift amount of valve of phase place, the closing motion speed that perhaps makes the phase variable valve is than the fixing fast method of closing motion of valve (for example, forming the method for cam profile with the lift waveform of phase variable valve along the mode of convex curve) etc. of phase place.According to these methods, can relax the increase that the phase variable valve will be closed restriction loss before, and can realize the increase of above-mentioned total flow path area.
Next, the working angle of phase variable valve involved in the present invention also can be set as: the target when the unlatching timing of this phase variable valve advances to high load running is opened just constantly, and the timing of closing of this phase variable valve becomes fixedly closing after the timing of valve of phase place.According to such structure, the air amount quantity not sufficient when more easily eliminating high load running.
In above-mentioned structure, the phase variable valve when control unit also can be adjusted high load running according to the rotating speed (engine speed) of internal-combustion engine close timing.For example, control unit internal-combustion engine rotational speed be predefined desired speed when following with the phase variable valve close timing and phase place fixedly the synchronous mode of timing of closing of valve control variable valve actuator for air, when internal-combustion engine rotational speed is higher than described desired speed with the phase variable valve close timing than phase place fixedly the mode of closing timing retard of valve control variable valve actuator for air.
This is because when internal-combustion engine rotational speed is higher, and the timing of closing of phase variable valve more postpones, and more can access the inertia effect of air inlet.In addition, though above-mentioned desired speed for make the phase variable valve close timing than phase place fixedly valve close the peak of internal-combustion engine rotational speed that timing retard can not obtain the inertia effect of air inlet, can try to achieve by experiment in advance.
Can utilize variable valve actuator for air that high expansion ratio internal combustion engine is set up according to the present invention, this variable valve actuator for air in a plurality of intake valves on being arranged on cylinder, is made as the phase place of a part variable and is made as remaining phase place constant.Its result can realize the miniaturization and of high expansion ratio internal combustion engine.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure of the schematic configuration of the applicable internal-combustion engine of the present invention of expression.
Fig. 2 is that scheme on overlook (plane) of the structure of expression valve (valve) driving mechanism.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the mechanism of expression driven for opening and closing the 1st intake valve.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the mechanism of expression driven for opening and closing the 2nd intake valve and exhaust valve.
Fig. 5 is the figure of the total flow path area of the working angle of the expression working angle of the 1st intake valve and the 2nd intake valve when equal.
The figure of the preferred working angle of the 1st intake valve when Fig. 6 is the expression high load running.
The figure of the preferred working angle of the 1st intake valve when Fig. 7 is the expression underrun.
The figure of the opening and close timing of the 1st intake valve when Fig. 8 is expression high load slow-speed of revolution operation.
The figure of the opening and close timing of the 1st intake valve when Fig. 9 is the high rotating speed operation of expression high load.
Figure 10 is the figure of the curtain district area of the curtain district area of 1st intake valve 13 of expression among the 2nd embodiment and the 2nd intake valve.
Figure 11 is that expression is for the figure of the 1st large method of the curtain district area of curtain district Area Ratio the 2nd intake valve that makes the 1st intake valve.
Figure 12 is that expression is for the figure of the 2nd large method of the curtain district area of curtain district Area Ratio the 2nd intake valve that makes the 1st intake valve.
Figure 13 is that expression is for the figure of the 3rd large method of the curtain district area of curtain district Area Ratio the 2nd intake valve that makes the 1st intake valve.
Figure 14 is that expression is for the figure of the 4th large method of the curtain district area of curtain district Area Ratio the 2nd intake valve that makes the 1st intake valve.
Figure 15 is that expression is for the figure of the 5th large method of the curtain district area of curtain district Area Ratio the 2nd intake valve that makes the 1st intake valve.
Symbol description
1: internal-combustion engine
2: cylinder block
3: cylinder head
4: crankcase
5: cylinder
6: piston
7: bent axle
8: connecting rod
9: drive portion
10: the firing chamber
11: suction port
12: relief opening
13: intake valve
13a: the 1st intake valve
13b: the 2nd intake valve
14: exhaust valve
15: valve actuating mechanism
16: spark plug
17: Fuelinjection nozzle
150: admission cam shaft
151: exhaust cam shaft
152: phase variable mechanism
153: the air inlet side gear
154: the exhaust side gear
155: the 1 intake cams
156: the 1 rocking arms
157: exhaust cam
158: the 2 intake cams
159: the 2 rocking arms
160: pitman arm shaft
Embodiment
Below, based on accompanying drawing concrete mode of execution of the present invention is described.The size of the structure member that present embodiment is put down in writing, material, shape, relative configuration etc. mean that as long as no special record the technical scope of invention is not limited thereto.
The＜the 1 embodiment 〉
At first, based on Fig. 1～Fig. 9 the 1st embodiment of the present invention is described.Fig. 1 is the figure of the schematic configuration of expression high expansion ratio internal combustion engine involved in the present invention.
Internal-combustion engine 1 shown in Figure 1 is the internal-combustion engine that possesses 4 stroke cycle of a plurality of cylinders 5.Internal-combustion engine 1 comprises cylinder block 2, cylinder head 3 and crankcase 4.
On cylinder block 2, be formed with a plurality of cylinders (cylinder) 5.In each cylinder 5, be inserted with sliding freely piston 6.Piston 6 via connecting rod 8 be connected that crankcase 4 supports and to get rotation bent axle 7 freely and connect.
Here, cylinder block 2 is supported must be free to advance or retreat in the cylinder axis direction with respect to crankcase 4.On crankcase 4, the drive portion 9 that advance and retreat drive cylinder block 2 is installed.If drive portion 9 makes cylinder block 2 advance and retreat, then the volume-variation of firing chamber 10 is followed therewith, and the mechanical compression ratio of internal-combustion engine 1 changes.Drive cylinder block 2 by drive portion 9 advance and retreat like this, realized variable compression ratio involved in the present invention.
Next, be formed with suction port 11 and relief opening 12 in cylinder head 3.On cylinder head 3, the intake valve 13 of the opening end that opens and closes suction port 11 and the exhaust valve 14 of the opening end that opens and closes relief opening 12 are installed.These intake valves 13 and exhaust valve 14 are by valve actuating mechanism 15 driven for opening and closing described later.
In addition, on cylinder head 3, be equipped with for to the spark plug 16 of the ignition of mixed gas in the firing chamber 10 be used for Fuelinjection nozzle 17 to suction port 11 interior burner oils.The fuel that sprays from Fuelinjection nozzle 17 with new gas (air) 10 interior inflows to the firing chamber, is lighted a fire and is burnt by spark plug 16 when intake valve 13 is opened.In the firing chamber 10 internal combustion gas (burnt gas) when exhaust valve 14 is opened, discharge to relief opening 12.
Fig. 2 is the figure of the structure of the above-mentioned valve actuating mechanism 15 of expression.In Fig. 2, illustration per 1 cylinder be respectively equipped with the situation of 2 intake valves 13 and exhaust valve 14, but be not limited thereto.For example, intake valve 13 arranges more than 2 for per 1 cylinder and gets final product.In addition, exhaust valve 14 can arrange 1 for per 1 cylinder, also can arrange more than 2.
Valve actuating mechanism 15 comprises admission cam shaft 150 and exhaust cam shaft 151.One end of admission cam shaft 150 is connected in air inlet side gear 153 via phase variable mechanism 152.One end of exhaust cam shaft 151 is connected in exhaust side gear 154.Air inlet side gear 153 intermeshes with exhaust side gear 154.
Any one party in air inlet side gear 153 and the exhaust side gear 154 is connected in bent axle 7 via belt or chain, so make air inlet side gear 153 and 154 rotations of exhaust side gear by the rotating force of bent axle 7.
Described phase variable mechanism 152 is that change is with respect to the mechanism of the phase place of the admission cam shaft 150 of air inlet side gear 153.As phase variable mechanism 152, can utilize known blade type (vane) changeable mechanism, electrodynamic type changeable mechanism etc.
On admission cam shaft 150, be provided with a side's for 2 intake valves 13 of driven for opening and closing (below, be called " the 1st intake valve 13a ") the 1st intake cam 155.The 1st intake cam 155 touches in the 1st rocking arm 156.The 1st rocking arm 156 supports to such an extent that swing freely by pivot 200 as shown in Figure 3.In addition, the tip portion of the 1st rocking arm 156 touches in the bar cardinal extremity of the 1st intake valve 13a.If according to such structure, when the 1st intake cam 155 was pressed the 1st rocking arm 156, the 1st intake valve 13a became unlatching.
Turn back to Fig. 2 here, on exhaust cam shaft 151, be formed with a pair of exhaust cam 157.Each exhaust cam 157 is directly pressed the bar cardinal extremity of exhaust valve 14.In addition, between a pair of exhaust cam 157 of exhaust cam shaft 151, be provided with the opposing party's for 2 intake valves 13 of driven for opening and closing (below, be called " the 2nd intake valve 13b ") the 2nd intake cam 158.
The 2nd intake cam 158 touches in the 2nd rocking arm 159.The 2nd rocking arm 159 is rotated as shown in Figure 4 and is supported in freely pitman arm shaft 160.The cardinal extremity of the 2nd rocking arm 159 touches in described the 2nd intake cam 158.The top of the 2nd rocking arm 159 touches in the bar cardinal extremity of the 2nd intake valve 13b.If by such structure, when the 2nd intake cam 158 was pressed the 2nd rocking arm 159, the 2nd intake valve 13b became unlatching.
The valve actuating mechanism 15 that consists of like this becomes: by the side (the 1st intake valve 13a) among admission cam shaft 150 driven for opening and closing 2 intake valve 13a, 13b, mechanism by exhaust cam shaft 151 driven for opening and closing the opposing party (the 2nd intake valve 13b).That is, valve actuating mechanism 15 is equivalent to change the opening and close timing of the 1st intake valve 13a but the variable valve actuator for air that can not change the opening and close timing of the 2nd intake valve 13b.
In addition, if according to above-mentioned valve actuating mechanism 15, can reduce valve angle (the axis angulation of the axis of intake valve 13 and exhaust valve 14), so can realize the miniaturization and of internal-combustion engine 1.
Turn back to Fig. 1 here, on internal-combustion engine 1, also be provided with the ECU20 as control unit involved in the present invention.ECU20 is the electronic control unit that is made of CPU, ROM, RAM, (backup) for subsequent use RAM etc.In ECU20, the output signal of the various sensors such as input crankshaft position sensor 21, accelerator pedal position sensor 22.ECU20 is based on the output signal electrical control drive portion 9 of above-mentioned various sensors, spark plug 16, Fuelinjection nozzle 17, valve actuating mechanism 15 (phase variable mechanism 152) etc.
For example, the thermal efficiency when ECU20 is in the underrun state in order to improve internal-combustion engine 1 carries out high expansion ratio control.In high expansion ratio control, ECU20 controls drive portion 9 for the mechanical compression ratio that improves internal-combustion engine 1, and for the effective compression ratio that reduces internal-combustion engine 1 control phase changeable mechanism 152.
In detail, ECU20 controls drive portion 9 with cylinder block 2 to the mode of lower dead center direction displacement, with the mode control phase changeable mechanism 152 that timing retard arrives midway (half ば) of compression stroke of closing of the 1st intake valve 13a.
When carrying out such high expansion ratio control, effective compression ratio can be remained on and improve expansion ratio in the scope that to avoid pinking.Therefore, according to the present embodiment, on one side can realize the miniaturization and of internal-combustion engine 1, Yi Bian this internal-combustion engine 1 is moved under high expansion ratio.
When the execution of high expansion ratio control, to dwindle as much as possible combustion chamber volume, so be set as with common internal-combustion engine same (for example in the unlatching timing with the 2nd intake valve 13b, more lean on advance side (shifting to an earlier date) than the compression top dead center) time, can produce valve and impact.Therefore, the unlatching timing of the 2nd intake valve 13b need to be set than common internal combustion engine delay (for example, under the compression top center).
If make internal-combustion engine 1 carry out high load running under above-mentioned restriction, new gas (air) flows into regularly in the cylinder and is delayed.Therefore, can not estimate the increase of the air amount amount that the inertia effect by exhaust causes, have the possibility of air amount quantity not sufficient.
Relative therewith, considered to realize in advance by the unlatching timing that makes the 1st intake valve 13a the method for the increase of air amount amount.At this moment, if the working angle of the working angle of the 1st intake valve 13a and the 2nd intake valve 13b is equal, then the 1st intake valve 13a's closes timing than the 2nd intake valve 13b in advance.Therefore, has the possibility that the air amount amount of internal-combustion engine 1 can not be increased to aim parameter.
In addition, during the underrun of internal-combustion engine 1 when execution (high expansion ratio control), reduce in order to make effective compression ratio, make that the 1st intake valve 13a's close timing retard to compression stroke midway.At this moment, if the working angle of the working angle of the 1st intake valve 13a and the 2nd intake valve 13b is equal, then the lap of the open period of the open period of the 1st intake valve 13a and the 2nd intake valve 13b reduces.Therefore, as shown in Figure 5, in the front and back of closing timing of the 2nd intake valve 13b, total flow path area (summation of the unlatching flow path area of the unlatching flow path area of the 1st intake valve 13a and the 2nd intake valve 13b) dwindles.Its result, the restriction loss that also has air inlet becomes large possibility.In addition, in Fig. 5, solid line represents total flow path area, the flow path area of single-point line expression the 1st intake valve 13a, and dotted line represents the flow path area of the 2nd intake valve 13b.
Therefore, the high expansion ratio internal combustion engine of the present embodiment working angle that constitutes the 1st intake valve 13a becomes larger than the working angle of the 2nd intake valve 13b.At this moment, 2 conditions below the working angle of the 1st intake valve 13a preferably is defined as satisfying.
(1) target when the unlatching timing with the 1st intake valve 13a is set as high load running is closed just constantly, and the 1st intake valve 13a closes timing as shown in Figure 6, becomes closing after the timing of the 2nd intake valve 13b.In addition, in Fig. 6, the working angle of A1 (single-point line) expression the 1st intake valve 13a, the working angle of A2 (solid line) expression the 2nd intake valve 13b.
(2) target of closing timing when the being set as underrun execution of the high expansion ratio control (time) of the 1st intake valve 13a is being closed just constantly, total flow path area as shown in Figure 7, the 2nd intake valve 13b close timing before and after do not reduce, perhaps increase.In addition, in Fig. 7, solid line represents total flow path area, the flow path area of single-point line expression the 1st intake valve 13a, and dotted line represents the flow path area of the 2nd intake valve 13b.
When the working angle that is defined as the 1st intake valve 13a satisfies the condition of above-mentioned (1), (2), ECU20 can make the 1st intake valve 13a when the high load running of internal-combustion engine 1 unlatching timing than the 2nd intake valve 13b in advance, and simultaneously with the 1st intake valve 13a close timing be made as the 2nd intake valve 13b close timing after.Its result, the air amount amount when easily making high load running is increased to desired value.
In addition, on one side ECU20 can alleviate the minimizing of lap of the open period of the open period of the 1st intake valve 13a and the 2nd intake valve 13b when the underrun of internal-combustion engine 1, the 1st intake valve 13a's close timing retard to compression stroke midway Yi Bian make.Its result makes effective compression ratio decline while can alleviate restriction loss (comprise air from suction port 11 to cylinder the restriction loss during 5 interior flow into and air from the interior restriction loss during to suction port 11 adverse current of cylinder 5).
In addition, ECU20 also can be when the high load running of internal-combustion engine 1 according to the timing of closing of internal-combustion engine (motor) adjustment of rotational speed the 1st intake valve 13a.For example, ECU20 also can control (with reference to Fig. 8) phase variable mechanism 152 in the synchronous mode of timing of closing of closing timing and the 2nd intake valve 13b of the 1st intake valve 13a for predetermined desired speed when following at internal-combustion engine rotational speed, and the timing of closing with the 1st intake valve 13a when internal-combustion engine rotational speed is higher than desired speed is controlled (with reference to Fig. 9) phase variable mechanism 152 than the mode of the 2nd intake valve 13b delay.
When internal-combustion engine rotational speed was higher, it is large that the inertial force of air inlet becomes.Therefore, if make the timing retard of closing of the 2nd intake valve 13b when internal-combustion engine rotational speed is higher, the air inflow that then is filled in the cylinder 5 increases.On the other hand, when internal-combustion engine rotational speed was low, the inertial force of air inlet diminished.Therefore, if when internal-combustion engine rotational speed is low, make the timing retard of closing of the 2nd intake valve 13b, then be filled into air inlet in the cylinder 5 to suction port 11 adverse currents.
Therefore, if the 1st intake valve 13a when adjusting the high load running of internal-combustion engine 1 according to internal-combustion engine rotational speed close timing, can improve as much as possible the charging efficiency of air inlet.In addition, even above-mentioned desired speed is closed timing than the peak of internal-combustion engine rotational speed that timing retard can not obtain the inertia effect of air inlet of closing of the 2nd intake valve 13b for what make the 1st intake valve 13a, try to achieve by experiment in advance.
Therefore, according to the high expansion ratio internal combustion engine of the present embodiment, on one side can guarantee and the high expansion ratio internal combustion engine of the phase place that can change whole intake valves equal performance roughly, Yi Bian realize the miniaturization and of this high expansion ratio internal combustion engine.
The＜the 2 embodiment 〉
Next, based on Figure 10 the 2nd embodiment of the present invention is described.Here, describe for the structure different from the 1st above-mentioned embodiment, for same structure omission will be described.
Arrange to such an extent that narrate than the large example of working angle of the 2nd intake valve 13b for the working angle with the 1st intake valve 13a in the 1st above-mentioned embodiment, the curtain district area with the 1st intake valve 13a when arranging than working angle Datong District of the 2nd intake valve 13b for the working angle with the 1st intake valve 13a in the present embodiment arranges to such an extent that narrate than the curtain district large example of area of the 2nd intake valve 13b.
During the underrun of internal-combustion engine 1 execution of the high expansion ratio control (time), the 1st intake valve 13a closes timing than the timing retard of closing of the 2nd intake valve 13b.Therefore, after the closing of the 2nd intake valve 13b, 5 interior leaked-in airs whole and only flow via the 1st intake valve 13a from cylinder 5 interior the whole of air to suction port 11 adverse currents from suction port 11 to cylinder.
Its result, the restriction loss that has after the closing of the 2nd intake valve 13b easily becomes large problem.Especially, close timing retard to compression stroke midway the time what make the 1st intake valve 13a, the problem that restriction loss significantly increases when being created in the closing of the 1st intake valve 13a.This be because, in compression stroke midway, the travelling speed of piston 6 becomes the highest, therefore corresponding therewith, the flow velocity of air inlet also uprises.
Therefore, to constitute the curtain district area of curtain district Area Ratio the 2nd intake valve 13b of the 1st intake valve 13a large for the high expansion ratio internal combustion engine of the present embodiment.Here said curtain district area is for example shown in Figure 10, can illustration from closing the curtain district area in the scope of timing before the predetermined crank angle α.As the predetermined crank angle α of this moment, lift amount that can illustration the 2nd intake valve 13b needed crank angle till the maximum lift vanishing.
If set like this curtain district area of the 1st intake valve 13a, when the closing motion of intake valve, the reduction of the curtain district area of time per unit (unit crank angle), in other words the minimizing speed of curtain district area is that ratio the 2nd intake valve 13b of the 1st intake valve 13a is large.Its result, before the 1st intake valve 13a will close, the curtain district area of the 1st intake valve 13a sharply reduced.Compare when therefore, restriction loss becomes and slowly reduces than the such curtain of the 2nd intake valve 13b district area and be difficult to increase.
Next, arrange to such an extent that describe than the curtain district large method of area of the 2nd intake valve 13b for the curtain district area with the 1st intake valve 13a.
Arrange than the large method of curtain district area of the 2nd intake valve 13b as the curtain district area with the 1st intake valve 13a, as shown in figure 11, can illustration make the valve radius R 1 of the 1st intake valve 13a arrange than the 2 large (method of R1＞R2) of the valve radius R of the 2nd intake valve 13b.
Arrange than the method for large other of the curtain district area of the 2nd intake valve 13b as the curtain district area with the 1st intake valve 13a, as shown in figure 12, can illustration will be disposed at the method that the number of the 1st intake valve 13a of per 1 cylinder is Duoed than the 2nd intake valve 13b.
Arrange than the method for large other of the curtain district area of the 2nd intake valve 13b as the curtain district area with the 1st intake valve 13a, as shown in figure 13, can illustration with the maximum lift of the 1st intake valve 13a method of the cam profile of the 1st intake cam 155 that becomes larger than the maximum lift of the 2nd intake valve 13b mode and determine.
Arrange than the method for large other of the curtain district area of the 2nd intake valve 13b as the curtain district area with the 1st intake valve 13a, as shown in figure 14, the method for can illustration determining the cam profile of the 1st intake cam 155 with the lift waveform of the 1st intake valve 13a along the mode of convex curve.The mode that lift variation rate (reduction of the lift amount of per unit crank angle) when at this moment, also can the lift variation rate (increasing amount of the lift amount of per unit crank angle) with respect to the breakdown action of the 1st intake valve 13a the time making the closing motion of the 1st intake valve 13a increases is determined cam profile.Lift waveform when the lift waveform in the time of in other words, also can be with the breakdown action of the 1st intake valve 13a and closing motion becomes the cam profile that asymmetrical mode is determined the 1st intake cam 155.
Arrange than the method for large other of the curtain district area of the 2nd intake valve 13b as the curtain district area with the 1st intake valve 13a, as shown in figure 15, can illustration the valve cone angle of the 1st intake valve 13a axis angulation of valve (conical surface of valve (working surface) with) α 1 be arranged greatlyr than the valve cone angle 2 of the 2nd intake valve 13b method.
Above-mentioned method can make up as much as possible.At this moment, can further increase the curtain district area of the 1st intake valve 13a, and the minimizing speed of the curtain district area can further improve the closing motion of the 1st intake valve 13a the time.Its result, when the execution of high expansion ratio control, restriction loss and flow losses after can reduce the 2nd intake valve 13b closing.

Claims (11)

1. a high expansion ratio internal combustion engine is characterized in that, comprising:
Variable compression ratio, the mechanical compression ratio of its change internal-combustion engine;
Variable valve actuator for air, its part that will be disposed at a plurality of intake valves of cylinder is made as phase variable, and remaining intake valve is made as phase place fixes; With
Control unit, when it is in the underrun state at internal-combustion engine, control described variable compression ratio so that the mechanical compression ratio of internal-combustion engine improves, and the control variable valve actuator for air is so that the action delay of the action of the intake valve of the phase variable intake valve fixing with respect to phase place.
2. high expansion ratio internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the working angle that described variable valve actuator for air constitutes the working angle of intake valve of the phase variable intake valve more fixing than phase place is large.
3. high expansion ratio internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described control unit, when internal-combustion engine is in the high load running state, control described variable compression ratio so that the mechanical compression ratio of internal-combustion engine reduces, and control described variable valve actuator for air so that the unlatching timing of the unlatching timing of the intake valve of the phase variable intake valve more fixing than phase place shifts to an earlier date.
4. high expansion ratio internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the working angle of the intake valve of phase variable is set to: the target when the unlatching timing of this intake valve advances to the high load running of described internal-combustion engine is opened just constantly, and the timing of closing of this intake valve becomes closing after the timing of the fixing intake valve of phase place.
5. high expansion ratio internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described control unit is controlled described variable valve actuator for air in the following manner: being in high load running state and internal-combustion engine rotational speed at described internal-combustion engine is desired speed when following, make phase variable intake valve close the fixing intake valve of timing and phase place to close timing synchronous; Be in high load running state and internal-combustion engine rotational speed when higher than described desired speed at described internal-combustion engine, make the timing retard of closing of closing the timing intake valve more fixing than phase place of the intake valve of phase variable.
6. high expansion ratio internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the curtain district area that described variable valve actuator for air constitutes the fixing intake valve of the curtain district Area Ratio phase place of intake valve of phase variable is large.
7. high expansion ratio internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the valve radius that described variable valve actuator for air constitutes the fixing intake valve of the valve radius ratio phase place of intake valve of phase variable is large.
8. high expansion ratio internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the number that described variable valve actuator for air constitutes the number of intake valve of the phase variable intake valve more fixing than phase place is many.
9. high expansion ratio internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the minimizing speed of the curtain district area the during closing motion of the intake valve that the minimizing speed of the curtain district area when described variable valve actuator for air constitutes the closing motion of intake valve of phase variable is more fixing than phase place is high.
10. high expansion ratio internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: the lift amount that described variable valve actuator for air constitutes the lift amount of intake valve of the phase variable intake valve more fixing than phase place is large.
11. high expansion ratio internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: the closing motion speed that described variable valve actuator for air constitutes the closing motion speed of intake valve of the phase variable intake valve more fixing than phase place is high.
CN2009801004365A 2009-01-29 2009-01-29 High expansion ratio internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related CN101861452B (en)

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