The synthetic method of a kind of 2-(2-chloroethoxy) acetate
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of the preparation and the application of fine chemical product, belong to the synthetic method of a kind of 2-(2-chloroethoxy) acetate specifically.
Background technology
2-chloroethoxy acetate has another name called: 2-(2-chloroethoxy) acetate, chloroethene fluoroacetic acid and 2-chlorine 2 '-the carboxyl ether; English name: 2-Chloroethoxyacetic acid, chloroethoxyacetic acid and 2-Chloro-2 '-carboxyl diethylether, be a kind of soluble in water, the colourless transparent liquid of organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, density: 1.326g/ml, boiling point: 130-132 ℃ (5mmHg).Molecular formula: C
4H
7O
3Cl, molecular weight: 138.5, be a kind of synthetic non-sedating histamine H
1The important intermediate of receptor antagonist Claritin cetrizine hcl, cetirizine are one of best-selling Claritins in the world at present, are a kind of anti-allergic drugs, and long lasting selectivity and strong H are arranged
1Receptor active, and do not have calm side effect.The anaphylactic disease that is used for respiratory system, skin and eye comprises chronic idiopathic urticaria, perennial allergic rhinitis, spring fever, slight sedative effect or oral mucosa drying etc.Compound of the present invention also is important solvent of a class and chemical reaction reagent, such as the necessary raw material that is synthetic medicine and pesticide intermediate 2-(2-chloroethoxy) methyl acetate and 2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethyl acetate etc.
Because of the vital role of this compounds, so 2-(2-chloroethoxy) acetate has very high practical value at medical field and chemical field.Usually the method for synthetic this compound is to adopt ethylene chlorhydrin and Mono Chloro Acetic Acid condensation, and by product is many and be difficult to remove.There is report to make 2-oxo-1 by the glycol ether catalytic dehydrogenation, behind the 4-dioxane, generate 2-(2-chloroethoxy) acetic ester with sulfur oxychloride and the reaction of corresponding low-carbon alcohol, acid hydrolysis obtains 2-(2-chloroethoxy) acetate (chemical research and application, 2001 again, 13 (5), 534-536), glycol ether is the by product of industrial preparation ethylene glycol, and it is limited to originate, preparation process complexity, and yield not high (about 48%); There is report 2-(2-chloroethoxy) oxidation of ethanol to be prepared 2-(2-chloroethoxy) acetate (KIENER ANDREASDR with microbial method, GLOCKLER RAINER.Microbiological prepn.of glycolic acid ether (s): CH, 686003[P], 1995-11-30), yield 87%, but the processing requirement height, the purifying products difficulty; Report Qiong Shi reagent (chromium trioxide-sulfuric acid) is arranged, or make oxygenant with oxygen and platinum dioxide and directly hydroxyzine is oxidized to cetirizine (TA0Y, KARIMIAN K TAM T.Methodsfor the manufacture of cetirizine:WO, 02425[P], 1998-01-22), reaction process is simple, but easily introduces chromium ion and nitrogen oxidized byproduct in the product, has a strong impact on quality product; Simultaneously also have pertinent literature to obtain corresponding acid (Hunan Normal University's journal, 2008,31 (2) 84-86) with the method direct oxidation alcohol of nitric acid direct oxidation, but use propyl carbinol as extraction agent in document aftertreatment, cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of not only efficient but also economic method that meets Synthetic 2-(2-chloroethoxy) acetate that green synthetic is suitable for producing in enormous quantities.
The synthetic method of 2-of the present invention (2-chloroethoxy) acetate is a starting raw material with 2-chloroethoxy ethanol, obtains product with water as solvent with the nitric acid direct oxidation, its reaction process such as Fig. 1.
Nitric acid is as oxygenant, and its consumption is 1-5 a times of 2-chloroethoxy ethanol amount of substance.
Water is as solvent, and the consumption of water is 2-4 a times of 2-chloroethoxy ethanol quality.
Temperature of reaction is at 10 ℃-100 ℃.
The mass percentage concentration of used concentrated nitric acid is 10%-65%
Reaction times is 18-24 hour.
The present invention adopts water to make solvent, nitric acid is as oxygenant, 2-chloroethoxy ethanol is oxidized to corresponding acid efficiently, this method is easy and simple to handle, and raw material is cheap and easy to get, and is simple to equipment requirements, and advantage such as aftertreatment is simple, and the use near-zero cost of organic solvent meet the suitability for industrialized production requirement of environmental protection, so the present invention has very wide application prospect.
The present invention's after drying that directly dewaters need not to use extraction agent.Endanger little, good economy performance, environmental friendliness.
The present invention has these points advantage: 1. the present invention adopts 2-chloroethoxy ethanol as starting raw material, and raw material is cheap and easy to get.2. the present invention adopts nitric acid as oxygenant, does not almost have directly to use nitric acid that the oxidation of ethanol of 2-chloroethoxy is become corresponding acid in document in the past, and relative other oxygenant cheapnesss of nitric acid.3. the present invention adopts the water as solvent that cost is almost equal to zero, the organic solvent cheapness that adopts in the relative additive method, environmental protection.4. the present invention is the oxidizing reaction of carrying out at ambient temperature, and some reacting by heating have further reduced production cost relatively.5. aftertreatment of the present invention is simple, and refuse is environmentally friendly, makees solvent with water, the productive rate that room temperature just can reach more than 90% in 20 hours, so the present invention has very high superiority in industrial production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is to be starting raw material with 2-chloroethoxy ethanol, obtains the reaction process figure of product with the nitric acid direct oxidation with water as solvent.
Embodiment:
The method of Synthetic 2 of the present invention-(2-chloroethoxy) acetate is as follows:
Embodiment 1
The 150ml there-necked flask that backflow and gas absorbing device are housed is chilled to 0-5 ℃, adds 2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethanol 12.45g (0.1mol), under this temperature, slowly add with the water-reducible concentrated nitric acid 9.7ml of 24.9mL (0.1mol).Finish, water-bath 30-35 ℃ of following stirring reaction 20h, reheat to 80~90 ℃ produce a large amount of reddish-brown NO
2Gas, stirring reaction is to no longer producing gas.Be cooled to room temperature, reaction solution is poured in the frozen water of 100ml, stir 1-2h, behind the most of water of pressure reducing and steaming, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, filter, carry out underpressure distillation then and collect 130~132 ℃, the cut of 0.67kPa obtains colourless liquid 13.2g, be 2-(2-chloroethoxy) acetate, yield: 95%.
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3):δ(ppm)4.24(s,2H),3.86(t,2H,),3.69(t,2H,).
Embodiment 2
The 150mL there-necked flask that backflow and gas absorbing device are housed is chilled to 0-5 ℃, adds 2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethanol 12.45g (0.1mol), under this temperature, slowly add with the water-reducible concentrated nitric acid 24.3ml of 24.9mL (0.25mol).Finish, water-bath 30-40 ℃ of following stirring reaction 20h, reheat to 80~90 ℃ produce a large amount of reddish-brown NO
2Gas, stirring reaction is to no longer producing gas.Be cooled to room temperature, reaction solution is poured in the frozen water of 100ml, stir 1-2h, behind the most of water of pressure reducing and steaming, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, filter, carry out underpressure distillation then and collect 130~132 ℃, the cut of 0.67kPa obtains colourless liquid 13.2g, be 2-(2-chloroethoxy) acetate, yield: 95%.
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3):δ(ppm)4.24(s,2H),3.86(t,2H,),3.69(t,2H,).
Embodiment 3
The 150mL there-necked flask that backflow and gas absorbing device are housed is chilled to 0-5 ℃, adds 2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethanol 12.45g (0.1mol), under this temperature, slowly add with the water-reducible concentrated nitric acid 48.5ml of 49.8mL (0.5mol).Finish, water-bath 50-60 ℃ of following stirring reaction 20h, reheat to 80~90 ℃ produce a large amount of reddish-brown NO
2Gas, stirring reaction is to no longer producing gas.Be cooled to room temperature, reaction solution is poured in the frozen water of 100ml, stir 1-2h, behind the most of water of pressure reducing and steaming, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, filter, carry out underpressure distillation then and collect 130~132 ℃, the cut of 0.67kPa obtains colourless liquid 13.2g, be 2-(2-chloroethoxy) acetate, yield: 95%.
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3):δ(ppm)4.24(s,2H),3.86(t,2H,),3.69(t,2H,)。