CN101840147A - Compact small-angle image surface inclined inclinator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a compact small-angle image surface inclined inclinator, which comprises an optical wedge, wherein the shape of the cross section of the optical wedge is of a right-angle trapezoid, and an original image surface of an incident light source is coincided with a right-angle waist of the right-angled trapezoid. The inclinator has a simple structure and a small image surface inclination angle, cannot increase the design burden of a main object lens, does not have a large-aperture field lens and occupies a small space. The invention also discloses a compact small-angle image surface inclined indicator consisting of light wedge pairs, which has a smaller image surface inclination angle and has no problem of chromatic aberration.

Description

The inclinator that a kind of compact low-angle image planes tilt

[technical field]

The present invention relates to the inclinator that uses in a kind of optical system, more particularly, relate to the little inclinator of a kind of compact conformation and image planes angle of inclination.

[background technology]

The high speed imaging technology has experienced from a high speed to very high speediness, hypervelocity, hypervelocity, from the visible light to the far infrared, ultraviolet, X ray, from the evolution that moves to research micromechanism of research macro object.The high speed imaging technology is the time amplifying technique of observation transient affair, can provide the space-time information of high speed change procedure.

Raising along with detonation, discharge, fusion and other thin sight, microcosmic high speed kinetic procedure research level require once to test just can obtain framing, sweep record simultaneously, and the record form is the recording mode of wait type.The mode that the instrument of the framing, scanning and simultaneous recording of Russia adopts is framing and the method that scans the shared tilting mirror of two cover optical systems, and there is parallax in this method space reference difference.In addition, the early stage framing, scanning and simultaneous recording instrument of the U.S. adopts outer optical system shared, but inner optical system separately and separately divides with two and overlap tilting mirrors, and the time reference difference of this system, speed be difference also.And the U.S. has also studied the registering instrument of cospace benchmark, synchronic benchmark now, but the resolution of this system is lower, and system adopts space optical path, structure more complicated.Thereby invent a kind of oblique incidence, the same space benchmark, same time reference, the no errors of principles, system imaging quality be good, it is very necessary to be convenient to the optical waiting type framing, scanning and simultaneous recording plane imaging system processing and debug.Because this system adopts the light path of oblique incidence, must adopt the pre-tilt of intermediate image plane to compensate because the image planes that oblique incidence brought tilt, make it the rotating shaft that final image planes are parallel to tilting mirror, can only be arranged in basic demand on the cylinder with the satisfied image planes that write down.

And the method that image planes are tilted is generally the field lens method: field lens is positioned at the image planes place of outer optical system, the optical axis of inner optical system and the optical axis of outer optical system at angle, at this moment the vertical image planes of outer optical system with respect to the vertical image planes deflection of inner optical system same angle.This method has realized the image planes pre-tilt for inner optical system, can be used for going in the hypervelocity tilting mirror imaging system of oblique incidence; But its weak point is that the cost of formation pre-tilt is excessive: system complex, not compact, and the visual field of the principal goods mirror design of outer optical system is strengthened, and has increased bigbore field lens, and image quality descends.The present invention can avoid these shortcomings, is a kind of image planes small angle inclination device of compactness.

[summary of the invention]

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, has the defective that complex structure is not compact and image quality descends at the image planes tilting gearing in the optical system of prior art, the inclinator that provides a kind of compact low-angle image planes to tilt.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: construct the inclinator that a kind of compact low-angle image planes tilt, comprise a wedge, the cross sectional shape of described wedge is a right-angled trapezium, and the primary image plane of incident light source overlaps with the right angle waist of described right-angled trapezium.

In the inclinator that compact low-angle image planes of the present invention tilt, the angle of wedge of described wedge satisfies following equation:

$\mathrm{\θ}=\±\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-\mathrm{arctg}(\mathrm{tg\α}+\mathrm{ctg\α}+\mathrm{ctg}(\arcsin \left(n\sin \mathrm{\α}\right)-\mathrm{\α}))+\arcsin \left(n\sin \mathrm{\α}\right)-\mathrm{\α}$

In the formula, α is the angle of wedge of described wedge, and n is the refractive index of described wedge, and θ is the angles of secondary image planes with respect to the vertical axle image planes of emergent light axis.

Implement the inclinator that compact low-angle image planes of the present invention tilt, have following beneficial effect: by inclinator is set is a wedge, the cross sectional shape of described wedge is a right-angled trapezium, the primary image plane of incident light source overlaps with the right angle waist of described right-angled trapezium, deflect after making primary image plane through the wedge refraction and form the secondary picture, emergent light axis deflects with respect to incident light axis, and the secondary picture is with respect to the primary image plane run-off the straight, thereby reaches the purpose that image planes tilt.The pre-tilt of image planes can compensate because the image planes that oblique incidence brought tilt, make the final image planes of optical system (optical system of framing optical system, scanning optics or framing, scanning and simultaneous recording) be parallel to the rotating shaft of tilting mirror, satisfy the record image planes and can only be arranged in basic demand on the cylinder.Because whole inclinator has only a wedge, and its deflection angle is very little, it is little to make that whole optical path takes up space, and then dwindles the structure of whole optical system, makes that the structure of whole optical system is more compact.

Further, the angle of wedge that wedge can be set satisfies above-mentioned equation, so can according in the design of Optical System to the refractive index of the material of the requirement at image planes inclination angle and selection, determine the size of the angle of wedge, thereby determine the structural parameters of wedge.Make inclinator more accurate to the pre-tilt of image planes.

The present invention solves another technical scheme that its technical matters adopts: construct the inclinator that a kind of compact low-angle image planes tilt, comprise first wedge and second wedge that are close together, the cross sectional shape of described first wedge is a right-angled trapezium, the interface shape of described second wedge is that the oblique angle is trapezoidal, the oblique waist of described first wedge overlaps with an oblique angle waist of described second wedge, and the primary image plane of incident light source overlaps with the right angle waist of the described first wedge right-angled trapezium.

In the inclinator that compact low-angle image planes of the present invention tilt, the angle of wedge of described first wedge and second wedge satisfies following system of equations:

${\mathrm{\θ}}_1=\±\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-\mathrm{arctg}(\mathrm{tg}{\mathrm{\α}}_1+\mathrm{ctg}{\mathrm{\α}}_1+\mathrm{ctg}(\arcsin \left(n_1\sin {\mathrm{\α}}_1\right)-{\mathrm{\α}}_1))+\arcsin \left(n_1\sin {\mathrm{\α}}_1\right)-{\mathrm{\α}}_1$

${\mathrm{\θ}}_2=\±\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-\mathrm{arctg}(\mathrm{tg}{\mathrm{\α}}_2+\mathrm{ctg}{\mathrm{\α}}_2+\mathrm{ctg}(\arcsin \left(n_2\sin {\mathrm{\α}}_2\right)-{\mathrm{\α}}_2))+\arcsin \left(n_2\sin {\mathrm{\α}}_2\right)-{\mathrm{\α}}_2$

i＝1，2

In the formula $K_i=\frac{1}{24}[(n_{\mathrm{iF}}^3-n_{\mathrm{iC}}^3)-(n_{\mathrm{iF}}-n_{\mathrm{iC}})]$ i＝1，2

$\mathrm{\θ}=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\θ}}_i$ i＝1，2

In the formula, α ₁Be the angle of wedge of described first wedge, n ₁Be the refractive index of described first wedge to the D spectrum line, n _1FBe the refractive index of described first wedge to the F spectrum line, n _1CBe the refractive index of described first wedge to the C spectrum line, θ ₁It is the image planes inclination angle in first wedge; α ₂Be the angle of wedge of described second wedge, n ₂Be the refractive index of described second wedge to the D spectrum line, n _2FBe the refractive index of described second wedge to the F spectrum line, n _2CBe the refractive index of described second wedge to the C spectrum line, θ ₂It is the image planes inclination angle in second wedge; θ is the total inclination angles of image planes.

Implement the inclinator that compact low-angle image planes of the present invention tilt, have following beneficial effect: by inclinator is set is that the wedge that is close together is right, reach the purpose that image planes tilt, tilt with the compensation image planes that oblique incidence was brought, make the final image planes of optical system (optical system of framing optical system, scanning optics or framing, scanning and simultaneous recording) be parallel to the rotating shaft of tilting mirror, satisfy the record image planes and can only be arranged in basic demand on the cylinder.By the coupling of two wedges, can obtain suitable deflection angle, thereby make that whole optical system structure is more compact.

Further, the angle of wedge that two wedges can be set satisfies above-mentioned system of equations, so can according in the design of Optical System to the refractive index of the material of the requirement at image planes inclination angle and selection, determine the size of the angle of wedge, thereby determine the structural parameters of wedge, make inclinator more accurate the pre-tilt of image planes; And, using this inclinator, the emergent light axis of the emergent light axis of F spectral line and C spectral line overlaps, thereby can eliminate the aberration problem that wedge centering exists.

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

[description of drawings]

Figure 1 shows that the inclinator that compact low-angle image planes of the present invention tilt is the structural representation of monochromatic light wedge;

Figure 2 shows that the inclinator that compact low-angle image planes of the present invention tilt is the right structural representation of wedge;

Figure 3 shows that the inclinator of compact low-angle image planes inclination of the present invention is applied in the structural representation of oblique incidence hypervelocity framing optical system;

Figure 4 shows that the incline structural representation of assembly of employed picture in the optical system of oblique incidence hypervelocity framing, scanning and simultaneous recording.

[embodiment]

At Chinese patent application for a patent for invention " plane imaging system of optical waiting type framing, scanning and simultaneous recording " (application number: 200910190605.0), a kind of plane imaging system of optical waiting type framing, scanning and simultaneous recording is disclosed, wherein used as inclining assembly FE and SE, this assembly that looks like to incline mainly is that image planes are carried out pre-tilt, the inclination of image planes during with compensation incident, make that final imaging curved surface is a cylinder, to guarantee the smooth of image quality, recording film.But in this application for a patent for invention and the concrete structure of unexposed this assembly that looks like to incline.

As shown in Figure 1, in the preferred embodiment of the inclinator that tilts for compact low-angle image planes of the present invention, inclinator comprises a wedge W, the cross sectional shape of supposing wedge W is a right-angled trapezium, and incident light axis D1 regulates incident light source from the right angle waist vertical incidence of wedge, make primary image plane I be imaged on the right angle waist on, after the wedge refraction optical axis deflection takes place, its emergent light axis D2 makes refraction back secondary image planes I ' tilt with respect to primary image plane I from the oblique waist outgoing of wedge.Wherein the angle of wedge of wedge is α, the refractive index of wedge is n, and secondary image planes I ' is γ with respect to the inclination angle of primary image plane I, and secondary image planes I ' is θ with respect to the angle of the vertical axle image planes P of emergent light axis, be the image planes inclination angle of wedge, emergent light axis is δ with respect to the deflection angle of incident light axis.Can obtain the image planes inclination angle system of equations of each parameter of following sign wedge by Fig. 1:

δ＝arcsin(nsinα)-α????????????????????????????????????(1)

$\mathrm{\γ}=\±\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-\mathrm{arctg}(\mathrm{tg\α}+\mathrm{ctg\α}+\mathrm{ctg\δ})---\left(2\right)$

θ＝γ+δ????????????????????????????????????????????????(3)

To can obtain in equation (1), (2) substitution equation (3):

$\mathrm{\θ}=\±\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-\mathrm{arctg}(\mathrm{tg\α}+\mathrm{ctg\α}+\mathrm{ctg}(\arcsin \left(n\sin \mathrm{\α}\right)-\mathrm{\α}))+\arcsin \left(n\sin \mathrm{\α}\right)-\mathrm{\α}---\left(4\right)$

This shows that the wedge at image planes place can play the effect of deflection optical axis and inclination image planes, to satisfy the requirement of framing system or scanning system to the image planes inclination angle of incident image planes.Requirement according to system design, can determine the requirement of image planes inclination angle [theta], in its substitution equation (4), the refractive index n of wedge is a constant, the size of wedge locking angle can be determined, the structural parameters of wedge can be determined thus to the requirement at image planes inclination angle according to system design.

As shown in Figure 2, the inclinator of compact low-angle image planes inclination of the present invention can also be the right version of wedge.Comprise two wedges that fit together mutually wedge centering, be respectively the first wedge W1 and the second wedge W2.Wherein the cross sectional shape of the first wedge W1 is a right-angled trapezium, and the cross sectional shape of the second wedge W2 is that the oblique angle is trapezoidal, and the oblique angle waist of the first wedge W1 overlaps setting with the oblique angle waist of the second wedge W2, preferably is provided with two trapezoidal contour.Incident light axis D1 is by the right angle waist incident of the first wedge W1, through the first wedge W1 refraction back optical axis deflection and an image planes inclination take place, deflection of secondary optical axis and the secondary image planes through the second wedge W2 tilt after another oblique angle waist outgoing of the second wedge W2 again.Wherein, the image planes after a time image planes tilt also can be passed through the second wedge W2 run-off the straight, produce the problem of aberration thus.Just need carry out achromatism for the color difference eliminating problem and handle, promptly make the emergent light axis D2 of F spectral line and the emergent light axis of C spectral line overlap, i.e. δ _F=δ _CThus, need the material of two wedges and the angle of wedge to mate the ability color difference eliminating mutually, promptly satisfy following achromatism equation:

i＝1，2?????????(5)

In the formula $K_i=\frac{1}{24}[(n_{\mathrm{iF}}^3-n_{\mathrm{iC}}^3)-(n_{\mathrm{iF}}-n_{\mathrm{iC}})]$ i＝1，2

Incident light axis through achromatic wedge to after, the oblique angle of the vertical image planes of the relative emergent light axis of image planes (promptly through whole wedge to the inclination angle of the image planes after tilting with respect to primary image plane, the total inclination angle of image planes) for θ is

$\mathrm{\θ}=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\θ}}_i$ i＝1，2???????????(6)

Analyze as can be known, equation (4), corresponding two kinds of materials can be set up 2 independently drift angle equations; The F spectral line of two kinds of materials and C spectral line refractive index are brought into equation (5), can get 1 independently achromatism equation; Equation (5) is independently, and total bias angle theta of the vertical image planes of the relative emergent light axis of image planes can be determined according to the requirement of the structural design of system.Thus, can from these 4 independent equations, solve wedge right 2 structural parameters and 2 performance parameter alpha ₁, α ₂, θ ₁, θ ₂, and intermediate parameters δ ₁, δ ₂

Suppose can determine that according to the requirement of system design the image planes inclination angle [theta] is 2.5 °, first group of right material of wedge is respectively LaK ₇/ ZF ₁₄, second group of right material of wedge is respectively LaK ₃/ strontium titanates can calculate the data of table 1 by above-mentioned system of equations, determines the right structural parameters α of wedge thus ₁, α ₂, δ ₁, δ ₂, θ ₁, θ ₂

The structural parameters and the performance parameter of two kinds of achromatism image planes of table 1 small angle inclination device

Combination	??α 1(°)	??α 2(°)	??δ 1(°)	??δ 2(°)	??θ 1(°)	??θ 2(°)
							??LaK 7/ZF 14	??3.5460	??-1.1192	??2.5302	??-1.0271	??4.0054	??-1.5626
??LaK 3/ strontium titanates	??2.6720	??-0.3483	??1.9967	??-0.4915	??3.1388	??-0.6954

As shown in Figure 3, be oblique incidence hypervelocity framing optical system, comprise separation picture incline assembly FE, the FL of framing projection lens, mirror M, high-speed rotating mirror RM, relay lens RL, recording medium F.The source imaging that imports this framing optical system is at the separation picture assembly FE place that inclines, behind the FL of framing projection lens, form picture three times, after the mirror M reflection, arrive high-speed rotating mirror RM again, after high-speed rotating mirror RM reflection, on recording medium F, form final picture, reach the purpose of framing by relay lens RL.In this optical system, the separation picture assembly FE that inclines can carry out pre-tilt to image planes, and to the processing of tilting of image planes, making the imaging curved surface of final image planes is cylinders under compensation oblique incidence situation, to guarantee image quality, to be convenient to the smooth of recording film.What separation picture inclined the assembly employing is that wedge is right, the material of wedge is determined by apolegamy, determine the angle of inclination of incident beam according to the structural design section of total system, be oblique firing angle θ ', according to formula tg θ '=β tg θ (β is the lateral magnification of subsequent optical system in the formula), calculate the value of the image planes inclination angle [theta] of inclinator, calculate the right structural parameters of wedge according to above-mentioned system of equations (4) to (6) again.This wedge right picture assembly that inclines has satisfied optical system to the requirement in the requirement of image planes pre-tilt, optical axis orientation and to the minimum requirement of picture element influence; Compare with field lens image planes gradient method, system is simple, does not increase the design burden of principal goods mirror, does not promptly have bigbore field lens; And its as degree of tilt can design very little, make whole optical system occupy the space and dwindle, be a kind of compact conformation, the little inclinator in image planes angle of inclination.

In like manner, the inclinator of compact low-angle image planes inclination of the present invention also can be applicable to oblique incidence hypervelocity scanning optics.

Figure 4 shows that in a kind of optical system of oblique incidence hypervelocity framing, scanning and simultaneous recording the employed picture assembly that inclines.Optical system for oblique incidence hypervelocity framing, scanning and simultaneous recording, need framing optical path and scanning light path will be formed after the incident beam beam splitting, simultaneously framing optical path and scanning light path are carried out the image planes pre-tilt according to the needs that require of system design, so as the picture of framing optical path and scanning light path finally can be by the high-speed rotating mirror reflection after relay lens group forms final picture is recorded on the recording medium.This assembly that looks like to incline comprises beam splitter prism SB, separation picture face tilt device FE, framing field lens FK, scanning image planes inclinator SE and field mirror SK.Incident beam forms framing optical path and scanning light path after beam splitter prism SB beam splitting.Framing optical path is after separation picture face tilt device FE tilts, behind the framing field lens, form the diaphragm conjugation, so that reduce the clear aperture (seeing Chinese patent application CN200910190605.0 for details, the plane imaging system of optical waiting type framing, scanning and simultaneous recording) of each design cell of subsequent optical system.In the picture of this optical system inclines assembly, the inclinator that separation picture face tilt device FE and surface sweeping image planes inclinator SE all can adopt compact low-angle image planes of the present invention to tilt, particularly, it is that wedge is right that this inclinator can be set, can determine the structural parameters that wedge is right according to above-mentioned system of equations (4) to (6), make that the structure of whole optical system is more simple, compact, it is little to take up space, convenient whole system structure design.

The above embodiment has only expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to claim of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the inclinator that compact low-angle image planes tilt is characterized in that comprise a wedge, the cross sectional shape of described wedge is a right-angled trapezium, and the primary image plane of incident light source overlaps with the right angle waist of described right-angled trapezium.

2. inclinator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the angle of wedge of described wedge satisfies following equation:

$\mathrm{\θ}=\±\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-\mathrm{arctg}(\mathrm{tg\α}+\mathrm{ctg\α}+\mathrm{ctg}(\arcsin \left(n\sin \mathrm{\α}\right)-\mathrm{\α}))+\arcsin \left(n\sin \mathrm{\α}\right)-\mathrm{\α}$

In the formula, α is the angle of wedge of described wedge, and n is the refractive index of described wedge, and θ is the angles of secondary image planes with respect to the vertical axle image planes of emergent light axis.

3. the inclinator that tilts of compact low-angle image planes, it is characterized in that, comprise first wedge and second wedge that are close together, the cross sectional shape of described first wedge is a right-angled trapezium, the interface shape of described second wedge is that the oblique angle is trapezoidal, the oblique waist of described first wedge overlaps with an oblique angle waist of described second wedge, and the primary image plane of incident light source overlaps with the right angle waist of the described first wedge right-angled trapezium.

4. according to the described inclinator of claim 4, it is characterized in that the angle of wedge of described first wedge and second wedge satisfies following system of equations:

${\mathrm{\θ}}_1=\±\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-\mathrm{arctg}(\mathrm{tg}{\mathrm{\α}}_1+\mathrm{ctg}{\mathrm{\α}}_1+\mathrm{ctg}(\arcsin \left(n_1\sin {\mathrm{\α}}_1\right)-{\mathrm{\α}}_1))+\arcsin \left(n_1\sin {\mathrm{\α}}_1\right)-{\mathrm{\α}}_1---\left(1\right)$

${\mathrm{\θ}}_2=\±\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}-\mathrm{arctg}(\mathrm{tg}{\mathrm{\α}}_2+\mathrm{ctg}{\mathrm{\α}}_2+\mathrm{ctg}(\arcsin \left(n_2\sin {\mathrm{\α}}_2\right)-{\mathrm{\α}}_2))+\arcsin \left(n_2\sin {\mathrm{\α}}_2\right)-{\mathrm{\α}}_2---\left(2\right)$

i＝1，2

In the formula $K_i=\frac{1}{24}[(n_{\mathrm{iF}}^3-n_{\mathrm{iC}}^3)-(n_{\mathrm{iF}}-n_{\mathrm{iC}})]$ i＝1，2??????????(3)

$\mathrm{\θ}=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\θ}}_i$ i＝1，2??????????(4)

In the formula, α ₁Be the angle of wedge of described first wedge, n ₁Be the refractive index of described first wedge to the D spectrum line, n _1FBe the refractive index of described first wedge to the F spectrum line, n _1CBe the refractive index of described first wedge to the C spectrum line, θ ₁It is the image planes inclination angle in first wedge; α ₂Be the angle of wedge of described second wedge, n ₂Be the refractive index of described second wedge to the D spectrum line, n _2FBe the refractive index of described second wedge to the F spectrum line, n _2CBe the refractive index of described second wedge to the C spectrum line, θ ₂It is the image planes inclination angle in second wedge; θ is the total inclination angles of image planes.

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