CN101835926A - The current control device of the electrical network of electrochemistry coating equipment - Google Patents

The current control device of the electrical network of electrochemistry coating equipment Download PDF

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CN101835926A
CN101835926A CN200880108086A CN200880108086A CN101835926A CN 101835926 A CN101835926 A CN 101835926A CN 200880108086 A CN200880108086 A CN 200880108086A CN 200880108086 A CN200880108086 A CN 200880108086A CN 101835926 A CN101835926 A CN 101835926A
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diode
circuit
current
control device
current control
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G·海德
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Siemens AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D21/00Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D21/12Process control or regulation

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Abstract

A kind of current control device (1) that is used for the electrical network (2) of electrochemistry coating equipment is described, described electrical network (2) comprises a plurality of anodes (5) and a plurality of negative electrode (3), described current control device (1) has a plurality of control modules (6), and wherein each control module (6) is configured to form and control conduct at the anode (5) of electrical network (2) and the local current of predesignating size of ground point function between the negative electrode (3) and the function of time.

Description

The current control device of the electrical network of electrochemistry coating equipment
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device that is used for the electrical network of electrochemistry coating equipment is carried out current control.
Background technology
To give workpiece coating material layer, its mode be at the workpiece that will apply on part or entire area ground in the electrochemistry coating equipment and be dissolved with between the medium of coating material therein and/or be created on the potential difference that causes the cohesion of coating material on the workpiece indirectly between medium and external electric lead.Except the variation of the state of aggregation of coating material, this coating material also may chemically change in the process of the agglomeration process on workpiece.Medium may be under liquid, the vaporous or isoionic state of aggregation, and can be coating material itself, maybe can be solvent or the agent delivery that contains coating material.
Known electrochemistry coating method for example comprises the plasma coated method, in the plasma coated method, usually will be by the ionization of gas of the strong dilution of high field excitation (Hochfeldanregung), and therefore make it to enter isoionic state of aggregation.By the chemical reaction in plasma body, then reaction product can on the substrate-especially on the workpiece that will apply-precipitation (spraying plating).Another important branch of electrochemistry coating method is the electrolysis coating method, and wherein the electromotive force that applies by the outside can responded to ion diffusion in the medium of electricity decomposition, and this can cause separating out at the material of putting on the workpiece of medium indirectly.For example give the workpiece metallizing by this way in electroplating technology, its mode is that the melts of metal-salt or electrolysis of solutions ground are separated.In the case, (normally metal) workpiece is connected conductively with electrode (especially negative electrode), and the anode of this electrode and corresponding other electrode-especially-between apply outside electromotive force.Positively charged metal ion (positively charged ion) in metal-salt melts or metal salt solution is to cathodic migration, by charge neutrality, and separates out on workpiece as atoms metal when contacting with workpiece.In order to apply purpose workpiece being put into the coating method of the medium that mostly is liquid greatly, also is known as the dipping bath coating method.
When the electrolysis dipping bath applied, the coated weight (Schichtauftrag) that time per unit will be coated on the workpiece was the function of a plurality of parameters, and these parameters especially comprise electromotive force, time that is applied and the thickness that has been coated to the material layer on the workpiece.On the one hand under the situation of constant electromotive force, in the process that applies, ionic concn in the medium descended along with the time, even therefore keep under the situation of constant chemical property in others, especially keep under the constant situation overflowing the ionic concn of bathing pool, also descend to the strength of current of the ion(ic)current of cathodic migration and then the coated weight of time per unit.When the material layer that has applied played insulating effect, then this effect can be reinforced, this again with the electroconductibility of cathode material, have the ionic medium with the time relevant electroconductibility, with the electroconductibility of layer material and relevant with the relation of these electroconductibility.Considered under the situation of influential parameter, under the constant electromotive force, the total decline usually of the coated weight of time per unit, to such an extent as to go up linear bed thickness increment for the time that is formed on the workpiece, must be along with improving electromotive force residence time continuously.
In for the coating of big workpiece, the commercial dipping bath coating equipment of for example constructing for the coating of vehicle body, usually be provided as the volts DS of dipping bath pond feed by power cell, because technical reason can only be regulated the potential value of several substantially constant with these power cells.These potential values are also referred to as voltage level.In addition, in the process of coating procedure, conversion between the voltage level in the dipping bath pond causes the discontinuity of coated weight aspect unfriendly, especially from a voltage level when higher leveled voltage level switches, produced the current spike that influences coating quality negatively in short-term.The voltage of alternating current that described voltage level or each voltage level are carried by the outside generates, and its mode is by electric network element and circuit element voltage of alternating current to be carried out rectification and level and smooth.Also owing to the cost reason, the circuit of low pulsation obtains adopting at this, compare with the circuit of higher pulsation, the circuit of this low pulsation obviously is the adjusting workload that cost is favourable and needs are fewer, but should externally generate higher wattless power component in the electrical network by low circuit of pulsing, increase the weight of the running cost that coating equipment is born and improved to electrical network thus.In order to prevent the production loss that fault caused, at least one is installed usually is connected to the online stand-by unit of externally fed via other electric network element and circuit element by power cell.But because this under normal circumstances unwanted redundant element has further improved the cost of coating equipment.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, task of the present invention is a kind of current control device that is used for the electrochemistry coating equipment of explanation, this current control device is that cost is favourable as far as possible, and by this current control device, guarantee at the same time under the situation of high coating quality, guarantee as far as possible effectively and reliably moving of coating equipment.
Task of the present invention solves by the described feature of claim 1.A kind of current control device that is used for the electrical network of electrochemistry coating equipment is described then, described electrical network comprises a plurality of anodes and a plurality of negative electrode, described current control device has a plurality of control modules, and wherein each control module is configured to form and control as the anode of electrical network and the local current of predesignating size of the function of position between the negative electrode and the function of time.
The dipping bath coating equipment commonly used that is used for vehicle body generally includes two to four power cells.First module presents the volts DS of predesignating for the dipping bath pond.In the process of coating procedure, the strength of current in the dipping bath pond and then the coated weight of time per unit descend.From particular moment, adjunction presents second power cell of the voltage of raising for the dipping bath pond, makes the coated weight of time per unit rise again, and therefore on time average corresponding to (constant) value of predesignating.Electric current that exists in the dipping bath pond and voltage are limited by the final condition of the overall situation, and described final condition restriction is applied to the continuous controllability of the electromotive force on the dipping bath pond and therefore limits (above-mentioned) level.Therefore for example there is the threshold value that should reach, so that guarantee effective coated weight, also has the ultimate value that should not be exceeded on the other hand, so that will apply the shelf depreciation that does not form part on the object.But in order to ensure high coating quality, the coated weight of constant as far as possible of time per unit all is important in all moment.In addition, the spatial distribution of the layer thickness on the coated object surface only is controllable conditionally, and when coated weight variable on the implementation space targetedly, this is especially disadvantageous.
Owing to give two power cell feeds by voltage of alternating current from external electrical network, therefore set up convertor circuit with rectifier, this convertor circuit is transformed into the volts DS of pulsation or the galvanic current of pulsation with voltage of alternating current/alternating current.By buffer condenser and the buffering inductance, described voltage or electric current by fluctuating range reduce and compensation is carried out smoothing processing.
The final condition of relevant its amplitude with alternating current of voltage of alternating current and its relative phase shift is corresponding to the electric current in the dipping bath pond and the voltage corresponding final condition in grid side.Especially the voltage of alternating current in convertor circuit and the certain minimum of the phase shift between the alternating current have been predesignated by the voltage level in the dipping bath pond.But therefore produced so-called phase shift wattless power in electrical network, this phase shift inactivity and phase shift minimum value can only be reduced to particular value respectively accordingly.
Also in most of the cases adopt the convertor circuit of low pulsation owing to the cost reason, the convertor circuit of described low pulsation under condition of loading in the high-frequency harmonic component of voltage of alternating current and alternating current, promptly in so-called higher harmonic, in electrical network, generate the big amplitude absolute value of convertor circuit altogether than higher pulsation.These higher harmonic components produce additional wattless power in electrical network.
The present invention is therefore from following thinking, to being used for the current control moduleization to the electrical network of dipping bath pond feed.Relevant weak point and can not reduction property being summed up as basically of the wattless power that externally produces in the supply network in giving dipping bath pond power supply process to the realizability that will apply the even coated weight on the object: the power cell by small number generates high overall dipping bath pond electric current.Under the final condition that limits, the quantity of varying parameter is corresponding less.In contrast, can by power model decoupling and that can independently control of comparatively high amts and control module in the dipping bath pond respective cathode and respective anode between form and monitor local current respectively.Especially can for example can therefore in the process at coating procedure on the vehicle body, be in a ratio of the Type B post by in the area of space of the qualification in dipping bath pond, controlling the coated weights of the different sizes that realize time per unit targetedly thus with car roof
Figure GPA00001064396700041
Apply more coated weights.By the measure of circuit engineering with by suitable circuit network layout, can avoid or reduce the equalizing effect in the dipping bath pond, this equalizing effect seeks to make flow field in the dipping bath pond Room and time on being evenly distributed that limit.
Electric current by the monitoring of each control module is not limited by and the identical final condition of overall dipping bath pond electric current, make especially be applied to the amplitude and the relative phase shift between described voltage of alternating current and the alternating current of voltage of alternating current on the control module and alternating current in grid side can be littler.Therefore total minimizing the phase shift wattless power in the electrical network.In addition, higher harmonic components by caused voltage of alternating current of the control module of each mutual decoupling and alternating current is irrelevant mutually statistically, and feasible statistics by ripple is interfered can significantly reduce the amplitude that can be summed up as total wattless power of higher harmonic effect in the electrical network.
In addition, by the control module of bigger quantity, the module that does not need additives amount is as stand-by unit.This system has been a highly redundant, and therefore the control module fault during coating procedure does not cause the important infringement to this process.In addition, optionally adjunction or disconnect each control module or the module group in the process that applies prescription.
The thinking that the present invention was derived from discusses so far can be used general situation, and wherein the medium of the electrochemistry coating equipment by general fashion replaces the dipping bath pond.
In a kind of favourable form of implementation of described current control device, one or each control module comprise the circuit assembly that has a plurality of current transformers, especially has a plurality of rectifiers.To be transformed into the galvanic current that is used for to dipping bath pond feed from the alternating current of externally fed net by rectifier.Can reach high umber of pulse by associating and extendible iteratively circuit assembly especially, reduce the component of the higher harmonic of sort circuit thus in the corresponding way iteratively with a plurality of rectifiers of shunt circuit form.The synperiodic voltage wave that the umber of pulse explanation was triggered within a wave period or the quantity of current wave at this, are come to fixing on two relative phase shifts between the wavelet of following in succession divided by umber of pulse by making the time length in cycle.
One or each current transformer, especially one or each rectifier preferably are connected with a plurality of male or females of electrical network.Being used for the electrolysis coating equipment of washing, each object that will apply is connected conductively with negative electrode, and preferably at anode side be coupled this current transformer or each current transformer.
Advantageously one of current transformer or each circuit assembly are embodied as the controlled rectifier and the series circuit of controlled rectifier not.This partial circuit layout is based on the principle of so-called adjunction or reversal connection (Zu-und Gegenschaltung), in load running, the phase shift between voltage of alternating current and the alternating current is optimized in grid side by this adjunction or reversal connection, and therefore realizes corresponding little phase shift wattless power.
In a kind of favourable improvement project of the circuit assembly of current transformer, one or each controlled rectifier are embodied as transistor bridge-type circuit, and/or with one or each not controlled rectifier be embodied as diode-bridge circuit.Such combination has not the controlled diode bridge circuit than the favourable advantage of the remarkable cost of controlled current transformer.
Preferably described current control device is constructed so that one or each control module are connected with a plurality of insulating transformers.
In a kind of particularly advantageous form of implementation of described current control device, one or each controlled rectifier are connected with an insulating transformer respectively, and one or each diode-bridge circuit are connected with an other insulating transformer respectively.
This form of implementation of realization in mutual diode in series bridge circuit and controlled rectifier and circuit assembly that first or second insulating transformer is connected for example.First insulating transformer is presented and in-phase first electric current of external communication voltage to diode-bridge circuit, and second insulating transformer is presented second electric current at grid side and the first electric current phase shift 30 degree to controlled rectifier.For example with first insulating transformer of vector type Dy0 with second insulating transformer of vector type Dy5, can from phase shift is respectively the energy feeding of 6 pulses of 60 degree, realize this rectifying circuit this 12 pulses, phase shift 30 feed of spending respectively just.Therefore show the rectifying circuit of 12 favourable pulses of a kind of comparative costs, this rectifying circuit and low pulsation, especially to compare with the rectifying circuit of 6 pulses be favourable aspect total higher harmonic generation.
If the feed that 12 pulses has been arranged in grid side is for using in contrast, it is identical then insulating transformer can be configured to model, for example is configured to the insulating transformer of vector type Dy0.
In order to replenish total reduction of higher harmonic components, therefore wherein from statistical independence and from by drawing described higher harmonic components the equally distributed interference on the statistics of the higher harmonic fluctuation that each control module triggered, additionally reduce the higher harmonic that reacts in the external electrical network by the amplitude of demarcating higher harmonic inversely with the quantity of control module.
Therefore reduce with the phase shift wattless power generally and reach especially effectively wattless power reduction.Therefore, this power factor of the power factor one of current control device is described the ratio that comprises the total power of wattless power in the wattful power effectively used and the electrical network-for example can reach the value more than 0.94, and can also reach the value more than 0.8 under 12.5% rated load.The reduction of wattless power especially causes alleviating the burden of feed network transformer.
By the rectifying circuit of 12 pulses, produce aspect the direct current as double when 6 pulses are controlled more than current maxima and voltage max.Peaked amplitude is less equally.Therefore, galvanic current that rectifying circuit generated and the volts DS by 12 pulses has smaller fluctuation.In the rectifying circuit of 12 suitable pulses, fluctuating range can be by being less than generation galvanic current intensity or volts DS 1%.So, for example be used for level and smooth or level and smooth needed buffer condenser of galvanic current of the volts DS realized by smoothing capacitor or direct current reactance coil and buffering inductance and can advantageously realize than medium and small at low pulsation rectifying circuit, thus the efficient and the economy of total described current control device of raising.
In another favourable enforcement flexible program of described current control device, structure is by with the decoupling circuit of each control module from dipping bath pond decoupling between one or each control module and corresponding a plurality of anode.Described decoupling circuit comprises a plurality of diode in series, and each is connected with an anode described diode on conducting direction respectively.
Realize the compensation that refluxes by such decoupling circuit, make the flow field that is defined adjusting in the dipping bath pond between anode and negative electrode not cave in and/or homogenizing.This has prevented the euqalizing current between the adjacent feeding point in position.
Decoupling circuit preferably includes the series circuit of first diode and second diode, this first diode is connected with the first anode or with second anode on conducting direction respectively with second diode, wherein first diode is connected with control module with inductance via switching element on the direction in blocking-up, and second diode block on the direction with first diode, with the first anode be connected with smoothing capacitor.
Two anodic electric currents, first diode of flowing through is via only the flow electric current of second anode of second diode.Respectively on first diode and volts lost on second diode can on the first anode with on second anode, cause different voltage.But because inevitable longer, thereby compensated this voltage difference through the anodic cable trace in dipping bath pond.
Has following advantage laying smoothing capacitor between two series diodes of decoupling circuit: at smoothing capacitor be used for to form oscillator circuit between the level and smooth total current inductance needed, that especially exist as the direct current reactance coil.On conducting direction, charge via described inductance and via first diode by convertor circuit to smoothing capacitor.But because the blocking effect of diode, energy can not vibrate to the diode backspace from smoothing capacitor.So energy can only discharge via the resistance in dipping bath pond.Therefore, especially forbidden at balanced discharge process and the compensation process do not expected that overflow within the bathing pool.In addition, need may not be the necessary damping that power loss is arranged for oscillator circuit.
Reasonably set up the computing unit with simulation model for current control device, it is given and/or electric current is given to be used for aanalogvoltage.Especially can calculate the relevant therewith parameter of voltage given in the dipping bath pond and coating procedure given with electric current by this simulation.To specified coating thickness relevant with the position in will applying the CAD diagram of object determine generate by working procedure, this working procedure is used as the function of object's position in the dipping bath pond so that given voltage and/or the electric current of being exported to the dipping bath pond via or each anode.
Description of drawings
Below set forth the embodiment of current control device of the present invention of the electrical network of electrochemistry coating equipment by accompanying drawing.Wherein:
Fig. 1 with synoptic diagram illustrate current control device schematic circuit and
Fig. 2 illustrates another schematic circuit of current control device with synoptic diagram.
Be equipped with part in correspondence with each other in the different accompanying drawings with identical Reference numeral.
Embodiment
The schematic circuit of the current control device 1 of the electrical network 2 of schematically illustrated electrochemistry coating equipment in Fig. 1.
Considered the coupling of the secondary voltage of insulating transformer by the represented electromotive force coupling of coating procedure.This makes additionally optimizes the wattless power component that drives in the electrical network.
Electrical network 2 comprises a plurality of and somely will apply the negative electrode 3 that object 4 is connected conductively, and a plurality of anode 5 of grouping in couples separately.Negative electrode 3 is admitted in the dipping bath pond of containing metal salt solution with applying object 4 and anode 5.
Current control device 1 comprises some control modules 6, and described control module 6 has the series circuit of being made up of controlled transistor bridge-type circuit 8 and not controlled diode-bridge circuit 97 respectively.Transistor bridge-type circuit 8 is connected with 11 with tri-phase current insulating transformer 10 respectively in grid side with diode-bridge circuit 9.Transistor bridge-type circuit 8 is connected with an antianode 5 via decoupling circuit 12 on conducting direction.Decoupling circuit 12 comprises on each comfortable conducting direction first and second diodes 13 and 14 that are connected with a anode 5 in this antianode 5.First diode 13 is connected with transistor bridge-type circuit 8 with direct current reactance coil 16 via switching element 15 on the blocking-up direction, and second diode 14 is connected with first diode 13 and with the anode 5 that is connected on conducting direction with this first diode 13 and with smoothing capacitor 17 on the blocking-up direction.
Insulating transformer 10 and 11 is given transistor bridge-type circuit 8 and diode-bridge circuit 9 feeds with voltage of alternating current respectively, and wherein said voltage of alternating current is in-phase, or has the phasing degree of 30 degree mutually.The series circuit of being formed by transistor bridge-type circuit 8 and diode-bridge circuit 97, from its neutralization from the identical alternating current of the frequency that enters via insulating transformer 10 and 11, generate the volts DS of pulsation or the galvanic current of pulsation, the fluctuating range of the volts DSs that smoothly should pulse by smoothing capacitor 17 or with direct current reactance coil 16 or the galvanic current of pulsation.At this, the energy that is stored in the electric field of smoothing capacitor 17 prevents to form the LC oscillator circuit of being made up of direct current reactance coil 16 and smoothing capacitor 17 by first diode 14 that is arranged on the circuit engineering in the decoupling circuit 12, because can not reflux to direct current reactance coil 16 as the electric current on the blocking-up direction of first diode 14.Avoided the equalizing effect of the field between negative electrode 3 and anode 5 by decoupling circuit 12.
Fig. 2 illustrates another schematic circuit at the current control device shown in Fig. 1 according to Fig. 1 with synoptic diagram.
Can see the control module 6 with transistor bridge-type circuit 8 and diode-bridge circuit 9, this transistor bridge-type circuit 8 is connected on the electrical network 2 and in dipping bath pond side by insulating transformer 10 and 11 with diode-bridge circuit 9 and is connected with anode 5.Different with Fig. 1, the anode 5 that is connected with a control module 6 respectively shown in Figure 1 in this diagram, being depicted as integral body (Einheit).Here be not illustrated in the decoupling circuit 12 shown in Fig. 1.The zone in dipping bath pond 18 is indicated by separation line 19.
Decide about the linear position in dipping bath pond 18 according to anode 5, on anode 5, be applied with the volts DS and the galvanic current of different sizes respectively, so that reach uniform coated weight on the vehicle body that in the dipping bath pond, drew at anode 5 places.The transistor bridge-type circuit 8 of the control module 6 that is connected with each anode 5 and diode-bridge circuit 9 generate corresponding volts DS and galvanic current from voltage of alternating current and alternating current, wherein said voltage of alternating current and alternating current are provided with the amplitude that needs separately by insulating transformer 10 and 11.Therefore, according to deciding, insulating transformer 10 and 11 is configured for the voltage difference of different sizes is carried out transformation about the position in dipping bath pond 18.
This illustrated other details is corresponding to the illustrated details among Fig. 1, and can learn from Fig. 1.
Can be in order to improve electric current so that number of packages wherein especially can be according to master-slave principle enforcement interconnection with the control module parallel connection arbitrarily.Therefore conventional system can simulate with ATL (anode overflows and steeps japanning) and KTL (cathode dipping japanning) form of implementation just the samely.Do not get rid of the blended operation of ATL and KTL.
The galvanic current loop is especially formed by the series circuit of unregulated and current transformer through regulating and by storage element (L and C).The application has also covered the order arbitrarily of these elements in the series circuit.For example it is contemplated that following order: controlled bridge circuit, inductance is not controlled bridge circuit, smoothing capacitor, diode.
In order further to reduce the electrical network retroaction of 12 pulses, especially with two systems' series connection, wherein the insulating transformer of these two systems and first system have staggered and 15 have spent angles.

Claims (10)

1. current control device (1) that is used for the electrical network (2) of electrochemistry coating equipment, described electrical network (2) comprises a plurality of anodes (5) and a plurality of negative electrode (3), described current control device (1) has a plurality of control modules that can control independently of each other (6), and wherein each control module (6) is configured to form and control as the anode (5) of electrical network (2) and the local current of predesignating size of the function of position between the negative electrode (3) and the function of time.
2. current control device according to claim 1 (1), one of them or each control module (6) comprises the circuit assembly (7) with a plurality of current transformers (8,9).
3. current control device according to claim 2 (1), one of them or each current transformer (8,9) is connected with a plurality of anodes (5) or the negative electrode (3) of electrical network (2).
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described current control devices (1), wherein one or each current transformer (8,9) circuit assembly (7) are embodied as controlled rectifier (8) and the series circuit (7) of not controlling rectifier (9).
5. current control device according to claim 4 (1) wherein is embodied as transistor bridge-type circuit (8) with one or each controlled rectifier (8), and/or one or each are not controlled rectifier (9) is embodied as diode-bridge circuit (9).
6. according to the described current control device of one of claim 2 to 5 (1), one of them or each control module (6) is connected with a plurality of insulating transformers (10,11).
7. according to claim 5 and 6 described current control devices (1), one of them or each controlled rectifier (8) is connected with an insulating transformer (10) respectively, and one or each diode-bridge circuit (9) are connected with an other insulating transformer (11) respectively.
8. according to the described current control device of one of claim 1 to 7 (1), wherein between one or each control module (6) and corresponding a plurality of anode (5), be configured with decoupling circuit (12), this decoupling circuit (12) comprises a plurality of diode in series (13,14), each is connected with an anode (5) described diode (13,14) on conducting direction respectively.
9. current control device according to claim 8 (1), wherein said decoupling circuit (12) comprises the series circuit of first diode (13) and second diode (14), this first diode (13) is connected with the first anode (5) and/or second anode (5) on conducting direction respectively with second diode (14), wherein said first diode (13) is connected with control module (6) with inductance (16) via switching element (15) on the direction in blocking-up, and described second diode (14) is being blocked on the direction and first diode (13), with the first anode (5) be connected with smoothing capacitor (17).
10. according to the described current control device of one of claim 1 to 9 (1), wherein be provided with the computing unit with simulation model, it is given and/or electric current is given to be used for aanalogvoltage.
CN200880108086A 2007-09-20 2008-09-10 The current control device of the electrical network of electrochemistry coating equipment Pending CN101835926A (en)

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CN106034404A (en) * 2014-02-19 2016-10-19 德诺拉工业有限公司 Anode structure for metal electrowinning cells

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