CN101832334A - Permanent magnet magnetic bearing - Google Patents
Permanent magnet magnetic bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN101832334A CN101832334A CN201010180523A CN201010180523A CN101832334A CN 101832334 A CN101832334 A CN 101832334A CN 201010180523 A CN201010180523 A CN 201010180523A CN 201010180523 A CN201010180523 A CN 201010180523A CN 101832334 A CN101832334 A CN 101832334A
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/50—Other types of ball or roller bearings
- F16C19/507—Other types of ball or roller bearings with rolling elements journaled in one of the moving parts, e.g. stationary rollers to support a rotating part
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C39/00—Relieving load on bearings
- F16C39/06—Relieving load on bearings using magnetic means
- F16C39/063—Permanent magnets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
- F16C2361/55—Flywheel systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a permanent magnet magnetic bearing which is a composite bearing system comprising a mechanic bearing and a permanent magnet magnetic bearing. The permanent magnet magnetic bearing comprises a magnetic bearing consisting of an annular static permanent magnet magnetic array and an annular rotary permanent magnet magnetic array, and a plurality of mechanic bearing sets, wherein the magnetic bearing is in charge of the axial suspension of a rotor, and the mechanic bearing sets limit the rest four degrees of freedom of a rotation system. The invention has simple structure, stable running, large buoyancy of a magnetic bearing which can float heavy rotors of hundreds of tons, and low cost of construction; and mechanic bearing only has the function of keeping a rotating shaft near an equilibrium point, thereby having very little load (thus the mechanical wear and the energy loss are very less). The invention is suitable for a flywheel accumulation system and vertical axis wind driven generators of various scales, and the like. In the invention, the mechanic bearing system can also be independently used and has the advantages of greatly enhancing the limit speed of the mechanic bearing and enabling the common high-speed bearing with the limit speed of tens of thousands turns per min to be used in superspeed with over one hundred thousand turns.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the permanent magnet magnetic bearing system, particularly axial permanent magnetic magnetic bearing and the combined magnetic levitation bearing system of mechanical bearing group.
Background technique
Because magnetic suspension bearing does not have Mechanical Contact, and is non-maintaining, can run at a high speed, do not need to lubricate, not wearing and tearing, the life-span is long, therefore receives an acclaim in many occasions, and is used widely.And permanent magnet magnetic bearing is simple in structure owing to being passive type, does not need complexity and the control system of costliness and power consumption, therefore more receives an acclaim.
Yet, Ou Xiao theorem (Earnshaw theorem-1842 is proved by Samuel Earnshaw) is pointed out, the magnetic force that relies on permanent magnet to produce can not make the magnetic rigid body of six-freedom degree (such as the flywheel of a tape spool that links to each other with levitated magnet separately, six-freedom degree is arranged, three rotational freedoms and three translational degree of freedom) the three-dimensional suspension of generation in gravity field, so permanent magnet magnetic bearing can not use separately, must combine with other suspensions or supporting way.This point is ignored by many inventors, so that proposes some impracticable patents.
Another shortcoming of existing permanent magnet magnetic bearing is that its suspending power and suspension rigidity are little.This is that it can not obtain one of reason of extensive use.
At present, the domestic patent of relevant permanent magnet magnetic bearing nearly all is to constitute according to the principle that the magnetic pole same sex is repelled each other, and its buoyancy and rigidity are very little.Its Applicable scope light little rotor that is confined to suspend is as the rotor of watt hour meter etc.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above shortcoming, the inventor is in conjunction with I previous patent (patent No. 03114974.X, patent name is " magnetic suspension train and suspension thereof, guiding and a propulsion system "), provide a kind of magnetic suspension and mechanical bearing to combine at this, and suspending power and suspension rigidity are all much bigger, simple in structure, do not need control system, and the very low and cheap permanent magnet magnetic bearing system of energy loss.
Technological scheme of the present invention is as follows: this is the magnetic bearing system that a kind of permanent magnetism magnetic is floating and mechanical bearing combines, by magnet ring, spacer ring, magnetic guiding loop, flywheel or other loads, main shaft and a plurality of mechanical bearing group are formed, and it is characterized in that: whole system has comprised the magnetic bearing of axial suspension effect and has played the radially mechanical bearing group of position-limiting action.
Magnetic bearing comprises static magnetic array that is fixed on the pedestal and the rotation magnetic array that is fixed on the lower installation board; Static magnetic array is made up of the coaxial static annular magnetic row that several are fixed on the pedestal, rotates the magnetic array and is made up of the coaxial rotation annular magnetic row that several are fixed on the lower installation board; Each static annular magnetic row and each rotation annular magnetic row all are superimposed vertically by several magnet rings and several spacer rings and form; The magnetizing direction of all magnet rings is radial inside or radial outside, and the magnetizing direction of adjacent magnet ring is opposite in the same magnetic row, and the magnetizing direction that is in the magnet ring on the same horizontal plane is identical; For increasing the Magnetic flux density in the air gap and reducing flux leakage, be glued with magnetic guiding loop in the outside of outmost magnetic row and the inboard of innermost magnetic row.
Static annular magnetic row and rotate the annular magnetic row and alternately arranges coaxially, adjacent static annular magnetic row and rotate between the annular magnetic row and leave air gap make and respectively rotate the annular magnetic row and can freely rotate to no grazing between static annular magnetic row.
Two mechanical bearing groups are installed in the two ends up and down of main shaft respectively, each mechanical bearing group comprises the mechanical bearing more than three or three, the rotating shaft of mechanical bearing is parallel with main shaft, and it is uniform along the cylindrical of main shaft, the outer surface of main shaft and mechanical bearing contacts, the axle of mechanical bearing maintains static, and main shaft rotates in the envelope surface of the outer surface of mechanical bearing.
The magnetic force of magnetic bearing is axially producing suspending power, and the mechanical bearing group then limits the radial translation of main shaft and perpendicular to the toppling of rotor shaft direction, and makes it form a stable and very little rotary system of resistance.This can be used for flywheel energy storage.This is called (A) type magnetic bearing system.
Aforementioned it (A) type magnetic bearing system can form another distortion, and it is characterized in that: main shaft does not rotate, and becomes column, and vertical fixing is on pedestal; Following mechanical bearing group and rotation magnetic array are installed in down on the rotor plate, the bearing of following mechanical bearing group is uniform around column, the outer rim of mechanical bearing contacts with column, the mechanical bearing group is rotated around column, last mechanical bearing group is installed on the rotor plate in an identical manner, connects with structural member or fan blade between the rotor plate up and down; Its static magnetic array is identical with above-mentioned (A) type magnetic bearing with rotation magnetic array.Static magnetic array is installed on the pedestal, rotates the magnetic array and is installed on the lower installation board; Whole rotation system is offset its gravity by magnetic bearing, and can rotate around column by mechanical bearing group up and down, and this structure is suitable for the vertical axis aerogenerator system.This is called (B) type magnetic bearing system.
Mechanical bearing group in aforementioned it (A) type magnetic bearing system can break away from magnetic bearing and independently use, it is characterized in that: substitute magnetic bearing with axial thrust brake, close use with the mechanical bearing assembly, the diameter of its mechanical bearing is greater than the diameter of main shaft, and main shaft can be vertically, level or other angles; Main shaft rotates in the envelope surface of the cylindrical of the mechanical bearing of mechanical bearing group.In the case, therefore the rotating speed of mechanical bearing can use the low-speed machinery bearing to provide at a high speed or the ultra high speed rotation as main shaft less than the rotating speed of main shaft.
According to aforementioned it (B) type magnetic bearing system, it is characterized in that: replace magnetic bearing with mechanical thrust device, in conjunction with above-mentioned mechanical bearing group, and the size of its mechanical bearing is less than the size of column, therefore, can come all huge system of rotating mass and size with little mechanical bearing.
According to aforementioned it (A) type magnetic bearing system, it is characterized in that: its main shaft is vertical, inclination or level.
According to aforementioned it (B) type magnetic bearing system, it is characterized in that: its column is vertical or inclination or level.
According to aforementioned it (A) type or (B) type magnetic bearing system, it is characterized in that: the magnetic bearing in the system can be a plurality of, to increase buoyancy.
Bearing arrangement of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1), as above-mentioned (A) type magnetic bearing system, its suspending power and rigidity are all much larger than existing magnetic bearing.For example, 200 millimeters of diameters, thick 50 millimeters its buoyancy of small-sized magnetic bearing are greater than 6000 Ns (600 kilogram forces), and its rigidity is greater than 500 Ns/millimeter; 2 meters of diameters, thick 0.1 meter magnetic bearing, its buoyancy are enough to hold up the flywheel of full weight more than 100 tons.If the steel flywheel diameter is 4 meters, thickness is 1.1 meters, weighs 100 tons, under 60000 rev/mins rotating speed, can store 4 * 10
12The huge energy of joule, the storage time of this energy in this system is in year.Because the loss of the on-stream almost noenergy of magnetic bearing, and whole magnetic floating system is in unsettled equinoctial point, so each mechanical bearing is stressed almost nil, and therefore energy consumption is very low in running, and it is very little to wear and tear, and the life-span of system is very long.
(2), its (B) type magnetic bearing system as described above is applicable to the large-scale vertical wind-driven generator from the small-sized vertical axis aerogenerator of hectowatt grade to MW class.The reason same with article one, its resistance is very little, so gentle breeze can start; Magnetic bearing does not partly have wearing and tearing, mechanical bearing part because of load near zero, its wearing and tearing are very little, required maintenance seldom, and safeguard easy.So overall life is long, can satisfy the requirement of operation more than 20 years.
(3) beneficial effect of comprehensive above (1) and (2) combines wind-power electricity generation and flywheel energy storage, wind-powered electricity generation is stored in the flywheel output when electrical network needs electricity.Solve wind-power electricity generation and electrical network and need electricity mismatch problems in time.
(4), as long as add axial thrust mechanism, for example the main shaft two ends add top (seeing Figure 17), or the outer ring of mechanical bearing is a convex, and main shaft and mechanical bearing touching position are that corresponding spill is (such as the wheel the form of the foetus, see embodiment 5), the mechanical bearing group can be used separately under the situation that no magnetic bearing cooperates among the present invention.This is more suitable in mechanical industry.If the radius of mechanical bearing is R, the radius of main shaft is r, if the highest use rotating speed of this mechanical bearing is 20000 rev/mins, and R/r=6, then the maximum speed of main shaft can reach 120000 rev/mins.So technology of the present invention can make main shaft obtain high rotating speed or ultrahigh rotating speed with slow-revving mechanical bearing.
Description of drawings
The radial magnet ring that magnetizes of Fig. 1 (arrow is represented magnetizing direction).
Fig. 2 spacer ring (non-magnet material).
Fig. 3 magnetic guiding loop.
Fig. 4 is the magnetic row (arrow representative magnetizing direction) of magnetic array fixedly.
Fig. 5 rotates the magnetic row (arrow representative magnetizing direction) of magnetic array.
Fig. 6 is the magnetic array fixedly.
Fig. 7 rotates the magnetic array.
Fig. 8 embodiment 1, main shaft rotary type magnetic bearing system is suitable for flywheel energy storage.
Fig. 9 embodiment 2, main shaft fixed magnetic bearing system (fixing main shaft claims column) is suitable for vertical axis aerogenerator.
Figure 10 embodiment 3, the simple combination of magnetic bearing and mechanical bearing.
Figure 11 embodiment 4, the simple combination of another kind of magnetic bearing and mechanical bearing.
Figure 12 embodiment 5, general low-speed machinery bearing makes main shaft run on high-revolving diagram.
(a) be plan view.
(b) be mechanical bearing 21,22,23 and the left view of the configuration of main shaft 1.R is the radius of mechanical bearing, and r is the radius of main shaft.
Figure 13 illustrates that each bearing rotating ratio in same plane in the mechanical bearing group has the diagram of the limit.
Each bearing diagram that no rotating ratio does not limit in same plane in Figure 14 mechanical bearing group.
(a) be plan view, mechanical bearing 21,22,23 in same plane.
(b) be mechanical bearing 21,22,23 and the top view of main shaft 1.
Figure 15 embodiment 5 schematic representation.
Figure 16 embodiment 6 axial section.
Figure 17 embodiment 7 axial section.
Illustration:
1 system's main shaft, 2 pedestals, 3 times mechanical bearing group mounting platforms (plate), mechanical bearing group mounting plate on 4,5 times mechanical bearing groups (at least three mechanical bearings), mechanical bearing group on 6 (at least three mechanical bearings), 7 lower installation boards (rotating the magnetic array is installed on this plate), the rotation magnetic array of 8 magnetic bearings, 8-1 rotates the annular magnetic row of magnetic array, 8-2 rotates the annular magnetic row of magnetic array, the static annular magnetic array of 9 magnetic bearings, the annular magnetic row of the static magnetic array of 9-1, the annular magnetic row of the static magnetic array of 9-2, the annular magnetic row of the static magnetic array of 9-3,10 rotate the toroidal magnet of magnetic array, the toroidal magnet of 11 static magnetic arrays, 12 interior magnetic guiding loops, 13 outer magnetic guiding loops, 14 spacer rings, link on 15 between mechanical bearing group mounting plate (maintaining static) and the pedestal, 16 columns (stationary axle), mechanical bearing group mounting plate on 17,18 air gaps, the link about in the of 19 between the mechanical bearing group mounting plate (rotation) or the fan blade of vertical axis aerogenerator, 21-26 mechanical bearing, 27 flywheels, the 28-29 thrust bearing, 30 magnetic bearings are integrated, and 31-32 does not have the mechanical bearing of inner ring, the conventional machinery bearing that 33-34 and main shaft are slidingly matched, 35-36 wheel the form of the foetus mechanical bearing group (every group also comprises at least three wheel the form of the foetus mechanical bearings), the axle of 37-wheel the form of the foetus mechanical bearing), 38-39 mechanical bearing group, the axle of 40-mechanical bearing, 41-42 steel ball or other hard pearls, the 43-44 throw-out lever, 45-46 mechanical bearing group, 47-48 is top.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
This embodiment is made up of two-part as shown in Figure 8.First portion is axial magnetic floating system, and it makes whole rotating part overcome gravity and suspends; Second portion is two mechanical bearing groups 5 and 6 up and down, and its effect is the horizontal translation of restriction main shaft 1 and topples.
Magnetic bearing by rotate magnetic array 8 and fixedly magnetic array 9 form.
Fixedly magnetic array 9 is by several annular magnetic row 9-1, and 9-2 and 9-3 (be three here, what Fig. 4 represented is static annular magnetic row) form.Each fixedly magnetic be listed as to be superimposed and form by toroidal magnet (abbreviation magnet ring) 11 and spacer ring 14 (nonmagnetic substance).Magnet ring 11 is by outside or inside radial magnetizing (small rectangular block of Fig. 8 left bottom is represented magnetizing direction).Axially the polarity of adjacent magnet ring is opposite in the same ring-type magnetic row.For making magnetic circuit better closed and increase Magnetic flux density in the air gap 18, the outside of the static magnetic row 9-1 of outermost is glued with outer magnetic guiding loop 13, and the inboard of the most static magnetic row 9-3 of the inside is glued with interior magnetic guiding loop 12.Fixedly all ring-type magnetic row are arranged in co-axial alignment in the magnetic array 9, leave the space between the magnetic row, rotate magnetic array 8 so that insert freely.
Rotate magnetic array 8 also by several ringlike magnetic row 8-1, and 8-2 (be 2, Fig. 5 is and rotates the annular magnetic row) forms here.Each rotation magnetic row also is superimposed by annular magnet (magnet ring) 10 and spacer ring 14 and forms, and magnet ring 10 is by inside or outside radial magnetizing, and axially the polarity of adjacent magnet ring was opposite during same ring-type magnetic was listed as.Rotating magnetic array 8 equally spaced inserts in the space of above-mentioned fixedly magnetic array 9 coaxially.Rotate magnetic row 8 and fixedly leave air gap 18 between the magnetic row 9, can fixedly freely rotate to no grazing between the magnetic array so that rotate the magnetic array.Gasket ring 20 is in order to make rotation magnetic array that enough hoverheights be arranged.
Fixedly the magnetizing direction configuration of magnet ring 11 and rotation magnet ring 10 as shown in Figure 8.
Static magnetic array 9 and inside and outside magnetic guiding loop all are installed on the pedestal 2, rotate the lower surface that magnetic array 8 is installed in down rotor plate 7.
As previously mentioned, magnetic rigid body can not be in transverse magnetic field stable suspersion.For this reason in the present invention, transverse magnetic field is only born axial suspension, other four degrees of freedom (two translational degree of freedom perpendicular to rotating shaft, two rotational freedoms) limit by two groups of mechanical bearing groups 5 and 6 perpendicular to rotating shaft, having only the rotation around axle of main shaft 1 is freely, forms a stable rotation system.
The mechanical bearing of restriction main shaft has two groups among the present invention, last mechanical bearing group 6 and following mechanical bearing group 5.Every group has three mechanical bearings at least, and these three mechanical bearings are uniform along the main shaft outer rim, and the axle of mechanical bearing is parallel with main shaft.Gently by main shaft, main shaft rotates (referring to Figure 12) to the outer ring outer surface of mechanical bearing between two groups of mechanical bearing groups (three every group) 5 and 6.Following mechanical bearing group is installed in down on the mechanical bearing group mounting platform 3, and following mechanical bearing group mounting platform 3 is fastened on the pedestal 2.Last mechanical bearing group 6 is installed on the mechanical bearing group mounting plate 4.Structural member 15 will go up mechanical bearing group mounting plate 4 and pedestal 2 is linked to be an integral body.Regulate the position of each mechanical bearing, make and rotate the magnetic array and fixedly the magnetic array is coaxial, just make to rotate the unstable equilibrium point that the magnetic array is in magnetic force, at this moment main shaft is almost nil to the pressure of mechanical bearing, and system is in best state of suspension.Because magnetic bearing is axially flexible, native system allows main shaft that a small amount of play is axially being arranged.
When the race diameter of mechanical bearing during greater than the diameter of main shaft, the rotating speed of main shaft is greater than the rotating speed of mechanical bearing.Both diameter differences must be big more, and speed discrepancy is also big more.So the present invention can support the high speed rotating of main shaft with low speed bearing.The narration of embodiment 2 back is seen in the discussion of its principle.
Because this design makes the rotor of magnetic bearing be in the unsettled equinoctial point of magnetic force, so when the installation of system during near theoretical position, the power that main shaft is granted on the mechanical bearing is almost nil.Therefore, the frictional loss of native system is very little.
Another characteristics of this system are that suspending power is big.2 meters of diameters, high 0.1 meter magnetic bearing can float the weight more than 100 tons, add aforesaid mechanical bearing group and can run at a high speed, and frictional loss is little, and therefore almost noenergy loss of magnetic bearing is suitable for flywheel energy storage system.Fig. 8 is exactly a flywheel energy storage system.Flywheel 27 is contained on the main shaft 1, and main shaft rotates in mechanical bearing group 5 and 6.The parts that diagonal line is arranged among the figure are motionless.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 as shown in Figure 9.Its magnetic bearing part and embodiment 1 are similar, distinguish to be that its main shaft fixes, thereby are called column 16.In the present embodiment, rotate magnetic array 8, following mechanical bearing group 5 all is installed on the lower installation board 7, and static magnetic array 9 and inside and outside magnetic guiding loop 12,13 are fixed on the pedestal 2, and last mechanical bearing group 6 is installed on the rotor plate 17.By impeller of blower (for example Da Lie fan blade) 19 lower installation board 7 and the last mechanical bearing group mounting plate 17 that rotate magnetic array 8 and following mechanical bearing group 5 will be housed and fuse, they are all round column 16 rotations.The meaning of the miscellaneous part of magnetic bearing part is identical with embodiment 1 with effect in the present embodiment: 8-1 and 8-2 rotate the magnetic row, and 9-1,9-2 and 9-3 are static magnetic row, 10 for rotating the magnet ring of magnetic row, 11 is the magnet ring of static magnetic row, and 14 is spacer ring, and 18 is air gap.Among Fig. 9, draw that oblique line is partly static not to be changeed.Present embodiment is suitable for the vertical axis aerogenerator of various scales.Because the buoyancy of magnetic bearing is very big, therefore can float the whole rotating part of large-scale wind driven generator of the MW class of more than 100 ton of weight.The mechanical bearing prescription case that the present invention proposes also shows its advantage in the present embodiment: because in large-scale wind driven generator, the diameter of gin pole reaches several meters, if with common single bearing, then big must being difficult to of its size makes, price is expensive as to be difficult to accept, and be bearing pack with what use among the present invention, can very big fan blade of quality and size and generator amature be changeed around huge column with less mechanical bearing, greatly reduce manufacture difficulty and cost.
Below in conjunction with embodiment relation between rotating ratio and main shaft radius r and the mechanical bearing radius R is discussed.
As shown in figure 12.Figure 12 (a) is the plan view perpendicular to main shaft, (b) top view that concerns with main shaft 1 for three mechanical bearings 21,22 and 23 of expression in the bearing pack.This mechanical bearing group both can be united use with magnetic bearing, also can be used as pure mechanical bearing system and used.Thrust bearing 28,29 can be mechanical thrust bearing in Figure 12, also can be aforesaid magnetic bearing.Another organizes the effect and 21,22 of mechanical bearing 24,25 and 26, and 23 is identical.R is the mechanical bearing radius, and r is the main shaft radius.This structure has the benefit of two aspects.The first, in energy-storage system, use large diameter mechanical bearing, the main shaft of minor diameter, it can make the mechanical bearing of low speed that the high speed rotating of main shaft is provided.The second, when main shaft (column of wind-driven generator, diameter reaches several meters) as the aforementioned is very big, can replace a big bearing with the bearing of three minor radius, greatly reduce manufacture difficulty and cost.
Below with rotating speed when relevant issues advance to analyze in down:
If the main shaft radius is r, the main shaft rotating speed is f revolutions per second, and the mechanical bearing radius is R, and the mechanical bearing rotating speed is F revolutions per second.Because the outer surface and the main shaft of mechanical bearing are tangent, both linear velocities are identical, so 2 π fr=2 π FR, i.e. F/f=r/R.If R＞r, f＞F then, promptly spindle speed is than the rotating speed height of mechanical bearing, and this is to provide the situation of main shaft high speed and embodiment 1 to correspondence with the low-speed machinery bearing; If R＜r, F＞f then, this is the situation of big main shaft gadget bearing, and is corresponding with embodiment 2.
The restricted situation of rotating ratio is discussed below:
When R＜r, f＜F, f/F is without limits in principle.
When R＞r, then the situation of f/F is as follows:
(1) when three mechanical bearings 21,22 and 23 are in same plane, the maximum value of R/r is tangent the bumping in outer ring of three mechanical bearings 21,22,23, as shown in figure 13.The rotating ratio that can push away maximumly by geometrical relationship is: f/F=R/r=6.4641.
(2) when three mechanical bearings in three Different Plane, as shown in Figure 14, then f/F=R/r can be big arbitrarily, without limits.(a) is the view perpendicular to main shaft among Figure 14.Triangle 30 is represented magnetic bearing or other thrust devices, and 21,22 and 23 is the bearing of last mechanical bearing group, 25,26 and 27 bearings for following mechanical bearing group, and 1 is main shaft, 27 is flywheel.(b) is mechanical bearing 21,22 among Figure 14,23 and the top view of main shaft 1.
(3) when every group during with 4 mechanical bearings, then when their coplanes, the maximum value of f/F is 2.414.
When every group with 4 mechanical bearings, then can differ two bearing coplanes of 180 degree (relative).At this moment as long as four mechanical bearings are contained on two planes, just can obtain unconfined rotating ratio, during than three bearings will with three planes come the good and save space of performance.Other more a plurality of mechanical bearings are that one group situation is similar to the above.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment as shown in figure 10.Its magnetic bearing part is identical with embodiment 1, represents magnetic bearing with triangle 30 among the figure, and 1 is main shaft, and 27 is flywheel.And the mechanical bearing group substitutes with the bearing 31 of single no inner ring and 32, and promptly main shaft itself just plays bearing inner race.In this structure, moving axially of main shaft 1 is very smooth and easy.In order to reduce the pressure between ball and the main shaft, can use side by side vertically with several no inner-ring bearings, also can replace ball bearing with roller bearing.Can adopt this programme for small-sized less demanding situation, it has advantage of simple structure.
Present embodiment as shown in figure 11.Its magnetic bearing part is identical with embodiment 1, represents magnetic bearing with triangle 30 among the figure.1 represents main shaft, and 27 represent flywheel.This embodiment directly is enclosed within conventional machinery bearing 33 and 34 on the main shaft 1, is slidingly matched between main shaft and the mechanical bearing inner ring.
Embodiment 6
Embodiment 6 as shown in figure 16.This system adds throw-out lever 43 and 44 with steel ball or other hard balls 41 and 42 and substitutes magnetic bearing.38,39 is mechanical bearing in the present embodiment, and 40 is the axle (fixing) of mechanical bearing, and 1 is main shaft, and 27 is flywheel.This is the another kind of scheme that realizes the main shaft high speed with low speed bearing.
Embodiment 7
Present embodiment as shown in figure 17.Substitute magnetic bearing with two top 47,48.45 and 46 represent mechanical bearing, and 1 is main shaft, and 27 is flywheel.
Claims (7)
1. a permanent magnetism magnetic floats the magnetic bearing system that combines with mechanical bearing, by magnet ring, spacer ring, magnetic guiding loop, flywheel or other loads, main shaft and a plurality of mechanical bearing group are formed, and it is characterized in that: whole system has comprised the magnetic bearing of axial suspension effect and has played the radially mechanical bearing group of position-limiting action;
Magnetic bearing comprises static magnetic array that is fixed on the pedestal and the rotation magnetic array that is fixed on the lower installation board; Static magnetic array is made up of the coaxial static annular magnetic row that several are fixed on the pedestal, rotates the magnetic array and is made up of the coaxial rotation annular magnetic row that several are fixed on the lower installation board; Each static annular magnetic row and each rotation annular magnetic row all are superimposed vertically by several magnet rings and several spacer rings and form; The magnetizing direction of all magnet rings is radial inside or radial outside, and the magnetizing direction of adjacent magnet ring is opposite in the same magnetic row, and the magnetizing direction that is in the magnet ring on the same horizontal plane is identical; The inboard of the outside of outmost magnetic row and innermost magnetic row is glued with magnetic guiding loop;
Static annular magnetic row and rotate the annular magnetic row and alternately arranges coaxially, adjacent static annular magnetic row and rotate between the annular magnetic row and leave air gap make and respectively rotate the annular magnetic row and can freely rotate to no grazing between static annular magnetic row;
Two mechanical bearing groups are installed in the two ends up and down of main shaft respectively, each mechanical bearing group comprises the mechanical bearing more than three or three, their rotating shaft is parallel with main shaft, and it is uniform along the cylindrical of main shaft, the outer surface of main shaft and mechanical bearing contacts, the axle of mechanical bearing maintains static, and main shaft rotates in the envelope surface of the outer surface of mechanical bearing;
The magnetic force of magnetic bearing is axially producing suspending power, and the mechanical bearing group then limits the radial translation of main shaft and perpendicular to the toppling of rotor shaft direction, make its form one stable and the very little rotary system of resistance can be used for flywheel energy storage.
2. the magnetic bearing system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this is the distortion of claim 1, and main shaft does not rotate, and becomes column, and is fixed on the pedestal; Following mechanical bearing group and rotation magnetic array are installed in down on the rotor plate, the bearing of following mechanical bearing group is uniform around column, the outer rim of mechanical bearing contacts with column, the mechanical bearing group is rotated around column, last mechanical bearing group is installed on the rotor plate in an identical manner, connects with structural member or fan blade between the rotor plate up and down; Its static magnetic array is identical with claim 1 with the structure of rotating the magnetic array; Static magnetic array is installed on the pedestal, rotates the magnetic array and is installed on the lower installation board; Whole rotation system is offset its gravity by magnetic bearing, and can rotate around column by mechanical bearing group up and down, and this structure is suitable for the vertical axis aerogenerator system.
3. the magnetic bearing system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: substitute magnetic bearing with axial thrust brake, close use with the mechanical bearing assembly, the diameter of its mechanical bearing is greater than the diameter of main shaft, and main shaft can be vertically, level or other angles; Main shaft rotates in the envelope surface of the cylindrical of the mechanical bearing of mechanical bearing group, and therefore the rotating speed of mechanical bearing can use low speed bearing that main shaft is run at a high speed or ultra high speed less than the rotating speed of main shaft.
4. the magnetic bearing system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: substitute magnetic bearing with mechanical thrust device, in conjunction with above-mentioned mechanical bearing group, the size of its mechanical bearing is less than the size of column, therefore, can come all huge system of rotating mass and size with little mechanical bearing.
5. the magnetic bearing system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its main shaft is vertical, inclination or level.
6. the magnetic bearing system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: its column is vertical or tilts.
7. according to claim 1 or 2 described magnetic bearing systems, it is characterized in that: the magnetic bearing in the system can be a plurality of.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010101805230A CN101832334B (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2010-05-20 | Permanent magnet magnetic bearing |
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| CN2010101805230A CN101832334B (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2010-05-20 | Permanent magnet magnetic bearing |
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| CN101832334A true CN101832334A (en) | 2010-09-15 |
| CN101832334B CN101832334B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104895923A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-09 | 魏伯卿 | Permanent magnet low resistance bearing |
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| EP1096144A2 (en) * | 1999-11-01 | 2001-05-02 | Masaharu Miyake | Wind-driven power generating apparatus |
| CN1431114A (en) * | 2003-01-20 | 2003-07-23 | 魏乐汉 | Magnetic suspension vehicles and suspension, guidance and propulsion system |
| CN101295949A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2008-10-29 | 林修鹏 | Vertical axis aerogenerator with magnetic suspension for reducing gravity force and frictional force |
| CN201412268Y (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-02-24 | 唐建一 | Double magnetism-different magnetic loop magnetic means and hybrid bearing for vertical-shaft external-rotation-shell type small-sized wind power generator |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1096144A2 (en) * | 1999-11-01 | 2001-05-02 | Masaharu Miyake | Wind-driven power generating apparatus |
| CN1431114A (en) * | 2003-01-20 | 2003-07-23 | 魏乐汉 | Magnetic suspension vehicles and suspension, guidance and propulsion system |
| CN101295949A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2008-10-29 | 林修鹏 | Vertical axis aerogenerator with magnetic suspension for reducing gravity force and frictional force |
| CN201412268Y (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-02-24 | 唐建一 | Double magnetism-different magnetic loop magnetic means and hybrid bearing for vertical-shaft external-rotation-shell type small-sized wind power generator |
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| CN104895923A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-09 | 魏伯卿 | Permanent magnet low resistance bearing |
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| CN101832334B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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