CN101828000B - 利用电磁学的水控制设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于控制钻井中的流体流的装置包括流控制设备和响应于导电流体流而产生电能的发电机。流控制设备可以包括从发电机接收电能的致动器,及可操作地耦接到该致动器的阀门。致动器可以配置为在发电机产生预设值的感生电压之后操作。发电机可以使用沿导电流体的流动路径放置的一对电极来产生电能。在一种布置中,靠近该电极放置的一个或多个元件沿导电流体的流动路径产生磁场,从而使电极产生电压。在另一种布置中,电极响应于与导电流体接触而产生电化学势。
Description
技术领域
本公开物总体上涉及用于对进入井筒中生产管柱(productionstring)的流体流进行选择性控制的系统与方法。
背景技术
诸如油和气的碳氢化合物碳氢化合物是利用钻到地层中的井筒从地层采出的。这种井一般是通过沿井筒长度放置保护性外壳(casing)并在每个这种生产带附近给保护性外壳打孔以便将地层流体(例如,碳氢化合物碳氢化合物)提取到井筒中来完成的。这些生产带有时候是通过在生产带之间安装封隔器(packer)来彼此隔开的。进入井筒的来自每个生产带的流体被吸到延伸至表面的管道中。期望沿生产带有基本上均匀的排出。不均匀的排出可能导致不期望的情况,例如侵袭性气锥或水锥。例如,在产油井的情况下,气锥可能使得气流进入井筒,这会显著降低油的产量。同样地,水锥可能使得水流进入产油流,这会降低所产油的数量和质量。因此,期望跨生产带提供均匀的排出和/或选择性隔离或降低生产带中经历不期望水和/或气流的进入的能力。
本公开物解决现有技术的这些和其它需求。
发明内容
在各方面,本公开物提供了一种用于控制井筒管道与井筒环形套管之间的流体流的装置。在一种实施例中,该装置包括流控制设备,该设备响应于来自发电机的信号而控制流体流,其中发电机响应于导电流体流而产生电能。因为碳氢化合物流体是不导电的,所以电能不是由碳氢化合物流产生的。相反,诸如咸水或水的流体是导电的,而 且会使发电机产生电能。因此,响应于流动流体的电属性,流控制设备可以在打开位置与闭合位置之间被致动。
在一种实施例中,流控制设备可以包括从发电机接收电能的致动器和可操作地耦接到该致动器的阀门。该致动器可以是螺线管、烟火元件、可热熔元件、磁流变元件和/或电流变元件。在某些实施例中,致动器在发电机生成预设值的感生电压后操作。在其它实施例中,流控制设备可以包括配置成检测来自发电机的电能并响应于检测到预定的电压值而致动阀门的电路。在一些布置中,致动器可以包括存储从发电机接收到的电能的能量存储元件和/或配置成向致动器供电的电源。
在各方面,发电机可以使用沿导电流体的流动路径放置的一对电极来产生电能。在一种布置中,靠近这对电极放置的一个或多个元件沿导电流体的流动路径产生磁场,从而使电极产生电压。在另一种布置中,这对电极响应于与导电流体的接触而产生电化学势。在此类实施例中,这对电极可以包括异金属。
在各方面,本公开物提供了一种用于控制井筒管道与井筒环形套管之间的流体流的方法。该方法可以包括:利用流控制设备来控制井筒管道与井筒环形套管之间的流体流,及利用由导电流体流产生的电能来启动流控制设备。在各方面,该方法还可以包括:利用发电机产生电能,并将电能存储在电力存储元件中。在各方面,该方法可以包括:利用发电机产生电能;检测来自发电机的电能;及一旦检测到预定的电压值就启动流控制设备。
在某些实施例中,该方法可以包括:通过沿导电流体的流动路径放置一对电极来产生电能;及靠近这对电极放置至少一个元件来沿导电流体的流动路径产生磁场。在其它实施例中,电能可以是通过沿导电流体的流动路径放置一对电极来产生的。这对电极可以电耦接到流控制设备,并响应于与导电流体的接触而产生电化学势。
在各方面,本公开物提供了一种用于控制具有井筒管道的钻井中流体流的方法。该方法可以包括:沿井筒管道放置流控制设备;沿导 电流体流放置一对电极;利用这对电极产生电信号;及利用所产生的电信号致动流控制设备。
应当理解,为了可以更好地理解以下具体描述,还为了对本领域的贡献可以被理解,已经对本公开物的更重要特征的例子进行了概述,而不是更广泛地描述。当然,本公开物还有其它特征将在下文中描述并且将构成所附权利要求的主题。
附图说明
通过参考以下具体描述并结合附图一起考虑,本公开物的优点和更多方面将很容易被本领域普通技术人员理解,并变得更好理解,其中贯穿若干附图,相同的标号指示相同或相似的元件,而且附图中:
图1是根据本公开物一种实施例的结合了流入控制系统的示例性多带井筒与生产组件的示意性正视图;
图2是根据本公开物一种实施例的结合了流入控制系统的示例性空心(open hole)生产组件的示意性正视图;
图3是根据本公开物一种实施例制造的示例性生产控制设备的示意性截面图;
图4是根据本公开物一种实施例制造的例示性发电机的等大视图;
图5是根据本公开物一种实施例制造的流入控制设备的示意图;
图6是结合根据本公开物一种实施例制造的流入控制设备的一种实施例使用的例示性电路的示意图;
图7是根据本公开物一种实施例制造的例示性阀门的示意图;及
图8是结合根据本公开物一种实施例制造的流入控制设备的一种实施例使用的例示性信号发生器的示意图。
具体实施方式
本公开物涉及用于控制碳氢化合物生产井的生产的设备与方法。本公开物可以有不同形式的实施例。这在附图中示出,并将在此本公 开物的具体、特定实施例中进行描述,应当理解本公开物应被认为是所公开物原理的例证,也不是要将所公开物限制到在此所例示和描述的内容。而且,尽管实施例可以描述为具有一个或多个特征或者两个或更多个特征的组合,但这种一个特征或者特征的组合不应当看作是必需的,除非明确地声明为必需的。
首先参考图1,示出了钻透地表12并进入一对地层14、16的示例性井筒10,其中期望从地层14、16产出碳氢化合物。就象本领域所公知的那样,井筒10被金属保护性外壳包起来,且多个孔18穿过并延伸到地层14、16中,使得生产流体可以从地层14、16流到井筒10中。井筒10有偏斜或基本上水平的支管19。井筒10有大体上在20处示出的晚期(late-stage)生产组件,在那里布置以油管柱22,其中油管柱22从位于井筒10表面26的井头24向下延伸。生产组件20定义沿其长度的内部轴向流孔28。环形套筒30限定在生产组件20和井筒的保护性外壳之间。生产组件20有偏斜的、大体上水平的部分32,该部分32沿井筒10的偏斜支管19延伸。生产设备34放到沿生产组件20的选定点上。可选地,每个生产设备34在井筒10中通过一对封隔设备36隔开。尽管图1中只示出了两个生产设备34,但事实上,可以以串联方式沿水平部分32布置大量的这种设备。
每个生产设备34的特征是生产控制设备38,该生产控制设备38用于管理进入生产组件20的一种或多种流体流的一个或多个方面。如在此所使用的,术语“流体”包括液体、气体、碳氢化合物、多相流体、两种或更多种流体的混合物、水、咸水、诸如钻探泥浆的工程流体、诸如水的从表面喷射出的流体及诸如油和气的自然出现的流体。此外,对水的参考应当认为还包括基于水的流体;例如咸水或盐水。根据本公开物的实施例,生产控制设备38可以有多种确保选择性操作与受控流体流通过其的可选构造。
图2例示了示例性空心井筒布置11,其中可以使用本公开物的生产设备。空心井筒11的构造与操作大多数方面都类似于前面描述过的井筒10。然而,井筒11的布置具有没加外壳的钻孔,该钻孔直接对 地层14、16开放。因此,生产流体直接从地层14、16流到在生产组件21和井筒11的壁之间限定的环形套筒30中。没有孔,且空心的封隔器36可以用于隔离生产控制设备38。生产控制设备的本质是将流体流直接从地层16引导到最近的生产设备34,由此导致平衡的流。在有些情况下,封隔器可以从空心完井中忽略。
现在参考图3,示出了用于控制从储集层进入井筒管道(例如,图1的油管柱22)的流孔102中的流体流的生产控制设备100的一种实施例。这种流控制可以与水含量相关。此外,控制设备100可以沿生产井的截面分布,以提供在多个位置的流体控制。例如,这对于使其中期望水平井“跟部”处比该水平井“趾部”处有更大流速的情况下的油生产流均衡是有利的。通过适当地配置生产控制设备100,例如通过压力均衡化或者通过约束气或水的流入,井的所有者可以增加储油层将有效排出的可能性。以下将讨论用于控制生产的一个或多个方面的示例性设备。
在一种实施例中,生产控制设备100包括用于降低流体中带入的颗粒的量和大小的颗粒控制设备110、控制从地层的总体排出速率的流入控制设备120及基于生产控制设备中流体的水含量来控制流入区域的流入流体控制设备130。颗粒控制设备110可以包括诸如砂筛和相关联的砾石填充的已知设备。
现在参考图4,示出了井下发电机140,该发电机140使用法拉第定律感生出可以用于给一个或多个流控制设备130(图3)通电或者使其启动的电压。法拉第定律表明,当导体移动通过磁场时,它将产生与通过磁场的导体的相对速度成比例的电压,即,E∝V*B*d,其中E=感生电压;V=平均液体速度;B=磁场;而d=电极之间的距离,这代表截面流区域。在实施例中,井下发电机140包括一组或多组两个电极142,还包括配置成产生磁场的线圈144或其它元件。示例性磁场产生元件可以包括但不限于永磁体、DC磁体、棒、磁性元件,等等。电极142和磁线圈144沿流入流体的流动路径101放置。由于碳氢化合物基本是不导电的,因此油流将只产生极小的感生电压。随着 流动的流体中水的百分比增加,由于水的导电性,流体的导电性也将有相应的增加。因此,随着流动的流体中水的百分比增加,感生电压将增加。
井下发电机140可以在多种配置下结合流入控制设备使用。在有些实施例中,井下发电机140可以产生足够的电能来给流控制设备通电。即,井下发电机140作为流入控制设备的主电源操作。在其它实施例中,井下发电机140可以生成足以启动给流控制设备通电的主电源的电力。在还有其它实施例中,井下发电机140可以用于产生指示水流入的信号。该信号可以由单独的设备用于关闭流控制设备。以下讨论例示性实施例。
现在参考图5,示出了利用上述发电机的流入控制设备160的一种实施例。发电机140的电极(未示出)和磁线圈144可以在进入井筒生产流之前沿流体路径104放置和/或在沿流孔102的流体路径104中放置。发电机140给配置成使诸如阀门164的设备致动的致动器162通电。在一种实施例中,阀门164形成为阻塞或降低从井筒的环形套筒108流入流孔102的滑动元件166。以下将更具体地描述其它的阀门布置。
在其它实施例中,井下发电机可以利用导电流体的电化学势来产生信号。例如,在一种实施例中,井下发电机可以包括异金属的两个电极(未示出),使得当电极与导电流体(例如,由地层产生的咸水)接触时产生电化学势。电极对的例子可以是但不限于镁和铂、镁和金、镁和银以及镁和钛。锰、锌、铬、镉、铝以及其他金属在暴露于导电流体时可以用于产生电化学势。应当理解,所列出的材料是作为例子提到的,而不是要穷尽可以用于产生电化学势的材料。
现在参考图6,在一种实施例中,致动器162可以包括诸如电容器的能量存储设备170和螺线管元件172。二极管174可以用于控制电流。例如,二极管174可能要求在电流可以开始流到电容器之前感生出预设的电压。一旦电流由于增加的含水量而开始流动,电容器170就充电以存储能量。在一种布置中,电容器170可以充电至获得预设的电压。开关元件176可以用于控制电容器170的放电。一旦获得了这个电压,能量就释放,以便给螺线管元件172通电,然后该螺线管元件172关闭阀门178,从而切断流体流。
现在参考图7,示出了阀门180的一种实施例,其中阀门180可以利用由前面所述的井下发电机所产生的电力致动。阀门180可以放置成控制来自或到达环形套筒108(图5)和生产流孔102(图5)的流体流。阀门180可以配置为在具有第一室184和第二室186的腔体内平移的活塞182。流控制元件188有选择地允许来自高压流体源190的流体到达第二室186。活塞182包括通路192,其中通路192在第一位置与通路194对准,以允许流体流过阀门180。当通路192和通路194没有对准时,通过阀门180的流体流被阻塞。在一种布置中,当室184和186具有基本上相同压力(例如,大气压)的流体时,通路192和194对准。流控制元件188在被井下发电机(例如,图4的发电机140)致动时允许来自高压流体源190的高压流体进入第二室186。两个室184和186之间的压力差使活塞182平移,并造成通路192和194之间的不对准,这有效地阻止跨阀门180流动。高压流体源190可以是罐中的高压气体或者井筒中的流体。
应当理解,有多种布置可以充当流控制元件188。在有些实施例中,所产生的电力用于给螺线管通电。在其它布置中,电力可以结合烟火设备使用来引爆炸药。例如,高压气体可以用于平移活塞182。在其它实施例中,电力可以用于激励“智能材料”,例如磁致伸缩材料、对电流有响应的电流变流体、对磁场有响应的磁流变流体,或者对电流有响应的压电材料。在一种布置中,智能材料可以部署成使得形状或粘性的变化会使流体流到第二室186中。可选地,形状或粘性的变化可以用于激励套筒本身。例如,当使用压电材料时,电流会使材料膨胀,这会平移活塞并关闭端口。
现在参考图8,示出了可以用作自供能传感器的井下发电机200,该传感器用于检测流体中水的浓度(含水量)。井下发电机200可以发送信号202,该信号202指示进入流入控制设备204的流体的含水量。流入控制设备204可以包括电子装置206,该电子装置206具有用于致动流控制设备208的电路和用于改变电力状态的电路。电子装置206可以编程为周期性地“唤醒”,以检测井下发电机200是否输出了给流控制设备208通电的足够电压的信号。如上所述,电压直接随流动流体中水的浓度而变化。这种布置可以包括井下电源210,例如用于给电子装置和阀门通电的电池。一旦检测到足够高量的水浓度,电子装置206就可以致动流控制设备208,以限制或停止流体流动。尽管周期性的“唤醒”消耗电力,但应当认识到,不需要电池电力来检测流动流体的水浓度。因此,电池的使用寿命可以延长。
应当理解,图1和2旨在仅仅例示了其中可以应用本公开物的教习的生产系统。例如,在某些生产系统中,井筒10、11可以只利用一个保护性外壳或衬套来将生产流体传输到表面。本公开物的教习可以用来控制流入那些和其它井筒管道。
为了清晰和简洁起见,在以上描述中略去了对管道元件之间大部分螺纹连接、诸如O型环的弹性密封及其它众所周知的技术的描述。此外,诸如“阀门”的术语以其最广泛的意义使用,而不是要限制到任何特定的类型或配置。为了例示和解释,以上描述是针对本公开物的特定实施例进行的。然而,应当认识到,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不背离本公开物范围的情况下,对以上所述实施例的许多修改和改变都是可能的。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于控制井筒管道与井筒环形套筒之间的流体流的装置,该装置包括:
流控制设备,配置成控制井筒管道与井筒环形套筒之间的流体流;及
耦接到所述流控制设备的发电机,该发电机配置成响应于导电流体流而产生电能。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述流控制设备包括从所述发电机接收电能的致动器和可操作地耦接到该致动器的阀门。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中,所述致动器包括以下之一:(i)螺线管,(ii)烟火元件,(iii)可热熔元件,(iv)磁流变元件,(v)电流变元件。
4.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中,所述致动器包括能量存储元件,用以存储从所述发电机接收到的电能。
5.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中,所述致动器配置成在所述发电机产生预设值的感生电压之后操作。
6.如权利要求2所述的装置,还包括配置成向所述致动器供电的电源。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述流控制设备包括电路,该电路配置为:(i)检测来自所述发电机的电能,及(ii)一旦检测到预定电压值就致动阀门。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述发电机包括:
(i)一对电极,该对电极沿导电流体的流动路径放置并电耦接到所述流控制设备;及
(ii)至少一个元件,其靠近所述一对电极放置并配置成沿导电流体的流动路径产生磁场。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述发电机包括:
沿导电流体的流动路径放置的一对电极,该对电极电耦接到所述流控制设备,并响应于与导电流体接触而产生电化学势。
10.如权利要求9所述的装置,其中,所述一对电极包括异金属。
11.一种用于控制井筒管道与井筒环形套筒之间的流体流的方法,该方法包括:
利用流控制设备来控制井筒管道与井筒环形套筒之间的流体流;及
利用由导电流体流产生的电能来启动所述流控制设备。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述流控制设备包括耦接到接收电能的致动器的阀门。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述致动器包括以下之一:(i)螺线管,(ii)烟火元件,(iii)可热熔元件,(iv)磁流变元件,(v)电流变元件。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,还包括:利用发电机产生电能;将从所述发电机接收到的能量存储在能量存储元件中。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法,还包括:利用发电机产生电能;及在所述发电机产生预设值的感生电压之后操作所述致动器。
16.如权利要求12所述的方法,还包括利用电源向所述致动器供电。
17.如权利要求11所述的方法,还包括:利用发电机产生电能;检测来自所述发电机的电能;及一旦检测到预定的电压值就启动所述流控制设备。
18.如权利要求11所述的方法,还包括:
通过以下操作产生电能:
(i)沿导电流体的流动路径放置一对电极;及
(ii)靠近所述一对电极放置至少一个元件,以便沿导电流体的流动路径产生磁场。
19.如权利要求11所述的方法,还包括:
通过沿导电流体的流动路径放置一对电极来产生电能,所述一对电极电耦接到所述流控制设备,并响应于与导电流体接触而产生电化学势。
20.一种用于控制具有井筒管道的钻井中的流体流的方法,包括:
沿所述井筒管道放置流控制设备;
沿导电流体流放置一对电极;
利用所述一对电极产生电信号;及
利用所产生的电信号来致动所述流控制设备。
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- 2008-10-14 EA EA201000607A patent/EA016497B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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EG26537A (en) | 2014-02-06 |
AU2008312665B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
WO2009052091A3 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
EA016497B1 (ru) | 2012-05-30 |
GB2468218A (en) | 2010-09-01 |
MY153325A (en) | 2015-01-29 |
EA201000607A1 (ru) | 2010-12-30 |
CA2702124A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
US20090101341A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
NO20100510L (no) | 2010-06-28 |
GB201006024D0 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
BRPI0817818A2 (pt) | 2015-03-31 |
CA2702124C (en) | 2012-07-31 |
MX2010004217A (es) | 2010-05-05 |
US7891430B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 |
WO2009052091A2 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
CN101828000A (zh) | 2010-09-08 |
AU2008312665A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
GB2468218B (en) | 2012-01-04 |
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