CN101826657A - Dual-polarized antenna structure, antenna housing and designing method thereof - Google Patents
Dual-polarized antenna structure, antenna housing and designing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101826657A CN101826657A CN200910119187A CN200910119187A CN101826657A CN 101826657 A CN101826657 A CN 101826657A CN 200910119187 A CN200910119187 A CN 200910119187A CN 200910119187 A CN200910119187 A CN 200910119187A CN 101826657 A CN101826657 A CN 101826657A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-polarized antenna structure, an antenna housing and a designing method thereof. The dual-polarized antenna housing comprises multiple layers of medium substrates, wherein a plurality of metal patterns arranged in an array mode are arranged on the surface of each medium substrate, and are not changed in the patterns which are rotated at 90 degrees around the axle center vertical to the medium substrate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dual polarized antenna structure, radome and method for designing thereof, especially relate to a kind of gain person who increases antenna.
Background technology
The element of wireless telecommunication system indispensability is the front-end circuit antenna, the concern signal quality of whole system of its characteristic.Generally speaking, the signal strength signal intensity that receives is determined by following formula:
Wherein, P
RReceived power, P for receiving terminal
tTransmitting power, G for transmitting terminal
tAntenna gain, G for transmitting antenna
rAntenna gain, e for reception antenna
tAntenna efficiency, e for transmitting antenna
rAntenna efficiency, D for reception antenna
tAntenna directivity, D for transmitting antenna
rFor antenna directivity, the λ of reception antenna is that frequency of operation wavelength, r are the distance between two antennas.As shown from the above formula, improve wireless telecommunication system signal power P
R, must promote the gain (G of antenna
tOr G
r) or improve antenna directivity (D
tOr D
r), and then the quality of increase wireless telecommunications.At present, the technology that improves antenna gain is for using aerial array, and aerial array is the increase by the antenna element number, improves the directive property of antenna and then has promoted antenna gain.Yet the shortcoming that above-mentioned technology can suffer from when practical application has: 1. feed-in network signal loss heightens, 2. feed-in network design complexity, 3. the antenna overall volume becomes big; And three above-mentioned big shortcomings will make antenna gain effectively to increase, base station line upkeep difficulty and cost costliness, and designed antenna is because volume is excessive thereby be not suitable for being applied on the small-sized base station.
The practice that tradition increases the gain of antenna and has more directive property is an array antenna.Utilize the metal antenna cover of overclocking material design, this metal antenna cover is designed to refractive index levels off to zero, can improve antenna directivity or improve antenna gain.Use the metal antenna cover of overclocking material design before, can reach increase antenna directivity and reduce wave beam wide or improve the effect of antenna gain, but because radome can only increase the directive property or the gain of single polarised direction, so can't be used for dual-polarized antenna, make the restriction that can be subjected to antenna system when being applied in antenna.In addition,, also must consider the direction of antenna polarization and radome polarization, if the words that polarised direction not have to align can make the recruitment decline of directive property or gain if when the radome of case is applied on the antenna of single polarization before using.
General Fabry Perot antenna can obtain the effect of high-gain, and it comprises metal fully reflecting surface (ground plane) and half penetration surface.The height of the radome of Fabry Perot structure needs 0.25 to 0.5 times of wavelength approximately, makes antenna because volume is excessive, and still antenna size effectively can't be reduced; And the metal fully reflecting surface is necessary element, makes that its application is limited.
U.S. Pat 6,885,355 disclose the metallic pattern of different shape, and it is to be used for spatial filter to be covered with meter with the signal outside the filtering special frequency channel, and operates in about 1/2 and 1/4 wavelength.So these metallic patterns are used for filtering, but not as the usefulness that increases antenna performance.
Therefore, how to develop a kind of dual polarized antenna cover, it can increase the gain of antenna, and effectively reduces antenna and radome integral thickness, will be that the present invention desires actively to inquire into part.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of dual polarized antenna structure, radome and method for designing thereof, its key property is the gain that can increase antenna, and reduces the whole height of antenna structure.
The present invention discloses a kind of dual polarized antenna cover, and it comprises the multilayer dielectricity substrate, and respectively this medium substrate surface comprises a plurality of metallic patterns with array format, and these a plurality of metallic patterns with the axle center perpendicular to this medium substrate rotate 90 the degree after figure constant.
The present invention discloses a kind of dual polarized antenna structure, and it comprises an antenna and aforementioned radome.Wherein the distance of this antenna and radome is smaller or equal to 0.1 times of the frequency of operation corresponding wavelength.
The present invention discloses a kind of dual polarized antenna structure Design method, and it comprises: refractive index analysis, through characteristic analysis and the analysis of Impedance Characteristic of carrying out the metallic pattern of radome; Determine this metallic pattern according to above-mentioned analysis; And this metallic pattern is formed on the multilayer dielectricity substrate with arrayed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional side view that one of dual polarized antenna of the present invention is implemented example;
Fig. 2 is the medium substrate schematic diagram of an enforcement example of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of single matrix element medium substrate of the present invention;
Fig. 4 simulates schematic diagram for the loss of turning back of dual polarized antenna of the present invention to frequency response;
Fig. 5 is the radiation pattern performance plot of an enforcement example of the present invention;
Fig. 6 be have the present invention one implement example radome antenna structure directly over directly over gain and the antenna structure that does not generally have radome of the present invention gain to frequency simulative relation figure;
Fig. 7 is that of the present invention another implemented the single matrix element medium substrate schematic diagram of example;
Fig. 8 is that of the present invention another implemented the sectional side view of example;
Fig. 9 turns back loss to frequency response simulative relation figure for the antenna that another implements example of the present invention;
Figure 10 is that of the present invention another implemented the radiation pattern performance plot of example;
Figure 11 for the present invention another implement example the antenna structure with radome of the present invention directly over directly over gain and the antenna structure that does not generally have radome of the present invention gain to frequency analog result figure;
Figure 12 is a dual polarized antenna structure Design method schematic diagram of the present invention.
The main element symbol description
1 dual polarized antenna structure
2 antennas
3 radomes
31 medium substrates
32 medium substrates
33 medium substrates
341 gaps
342 gaps
4 medium substrate layers
5 array element medium substrates
6 metal zigzag patterns
7 first metal arms
8 second metal arms
9 first parasitic metal arms
10 second parasitic metal arms
11 trixenie metal arms
12 the 4th parasitic metal arms
13 substrates
14 radiation conductors
15 antenna feed sides
16 earth terminals
17 radiation conductors
18 antenna feed sides
Embodiment
For fully understanding feature of the present invention and effect, now by following concrete enforcement example, and cooperate appended accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail, illustrate as the back:
Fig. 1 illustrates the sectional side view that the present invention one implements the dual-polarized antenna structure 1 of example.Dual polarized antenna structure 1 comprises antenna 2, at least one medium substrate layer 4 and a radome 3.Wherein the distance of this antenna 2 and radome 3 is smaller or equal to 0.1 times of the frequency of operation corresponding wavelength.
Radome of the present invention does not have Fabry Perot antenna must comprise the restriction of ground plane, and therefore following is that example describes to be applied to dipole antenna.Antenna 2 is dipole antenna (dipole antenna), and it comprises two and is located at the radiation conductor 17 on substrate 13 surfaces and the antenna feed side 18 that couples with this radiation conductor 17.Medium substrate layer 4 is located on this antenna 2, and this enforcement example is the air gap.Radome 3 is located on this medium substrate layer 4, and comprises multilayer dielectricity substrate 31,32 and 33.32 of medium substrate 31 and medium substrates are gapped 341,33 gapped 342 of medium substrate 32 and medium substrates.Gap 341 and gap 342 can be vacuum, air or other dielectric materials.Each medium substrate 31,32 or 33 is to be made of a plurality of array element medium substrates 5, and array element medium substrate 5 surfaces comprise metal zigzag pattern 6.For instance, gap 341 and gap 342 preferable thickness are 1.6mm, as being that the wavelength of center frequency points is done equalization (normalize) and is example with 3.5GHz, its distance is preferably 1.6/85 wavelength, and its gap material is an air, but there is no particular restriction in the broadest sense, comprise vacuum interior, the user can itself need to use optimal material, to obtain best dielectric coefficient, magnetic capacity and electrical conductivity, makes the transmitting-receiving usefulness of antenna better.
In general, acting on of medium substrate layer 4 (this enforcement example is one deck, but is not limited thereto) makes generation one distance between this antenna 2 and this radome 3, and the user can adjust this distance thus, makes the transmitting-receiving usefulness of antenna better.Outside the material deacration of medium substrate layer 4, but there is no particular restriction in the broadest sense, comprise vacuum interior, the user can itself need to use optimal material, to obtain best dielectric coefficient, magnetic capacity and electrical conductivity, make the transmitting-receiving usefulness of antenna better.According to this enforcement example, this antenna 2 is 4mm with the distance of this radome 3, and as being that the wavelength of center frequency points is done equalization (normalize) and is example with 3.5GHz, its distance is 4/85 wavelength, or its distance range is less than 0.1 wavelength.Similarly, more than the material of relevant medium substrate layer 4 or the description of thickness only be for example, the user can use different material and thickness do design according to the difference of frequency of operation, makes the transmitting-receiving usefulness of antenna better.
With medium substrate 31 is example, and Fig. 2 illustrates the front diagrammatic sketch of the medium substrate 31 of a plurality of array element medium substrate 5 combinations. Medium substrate 32 and 33 also can adopt same structure.Implement example according to one, medium substrate 31, medium substrate 32 and medium substrate 33 all by 3 * 3 groups totally 9 those array element medium substrates 5 formed.Profess it, a plurality of metallic patterns 6 are the array format with m * n, and wherein m, n are positive integer.In fact there is no particular restriction for the quantity of those array element medium substrates 5, and being of a size of the material of identical and those array element medium substrates 5, those array element medium substrates 5 do not have particular restriction yet, the user can itself need to use optimal material, to obtain best dielectric coefficient, magnetic capacity and electrical conductivity, make the transmitting-receiving usefulness of antenna better.According to this enforcement example, the length and width of each array element medium substrate 5 are 23mm, and thickness is in general between between the 0.3mm to 2mm, implementing example at this is 0.8mm, as being that the wavelength of center frequency points is done equalization (normalize) and is example with 3.5GHz, the length and width of each array element medium substrate 5 are 23/85 wavelength, and thickness is 0.8/85 wavelength, and the length and width of above relevant array element medium substrate 5 and the description of thickness, the user can use different length and width and thickness to do design according to the difference of frequency of operation, makes the transmitting-receiving usefulness of antenna better.
Generally speaking to be symmetry, therefore rotate 90 degree backs along the axle center perpendicular to those medium substrates 31,32,33 identical with the arrangement of virgin metal zigzag pattern 6 along x and y direction for the metal zigzag pattern 6 that forms by printing or etching on the medium substrate 31,32 and 33.Easy speech, respectively this medium substrate 31,32 or 33 surfaces comprise a plurality of metal zigzag patterns 6 with array format, and these a plurality of metal zigzag patterns 6 to rotate 90 figures after spending with the axle center perpendicular to this medium substrate 31,32 or 33 constant.In view of the above, antenna structure tool dual polarization characteristic of the present invention.
Fig. 3 describes the formation of the metal zigzag pattern 6 on the single matrix element medium substrate 5 in detail.According to this enforcement example, this metal zigzag pattern 6 comprises first metal arm 7, second metal arm, 8, first parasitic metal arm 9, the second parasitic metal arm 10, trixenie metal arm 11 and the 4th parasitic metal arm 12.First metal arm 7 and the second metal arm 8 vertical setting of overlapping mutually.The first parasitic metal arm 9 is layed in an end of this first metal arm 7, and parallel with this second metal arm 8.The second parasitic metal arm 10 is layed in the other end of this first metal arm 7, and parallel with this second metal arm 8.Trixenie metal arm 11 is layed in an end of this second metal arm 8, and parallel with this first metal arm 7.The 4th parasitic metal arm 12 is layed in the other end of this second metal arm 8, and parallel with this first metal arm 7.Profess it, the metal zigzag pattern 6 of this enforcement example is the square crossing figure of two I words.Above-described metal zigzag pattern 6, its size does not have particular restriction yet, as long as be no more than the size of those array element medium substrates 5, the user can adjust on demand voluntarily.Similar symmetrical structure shown in Figure 2, after this metal zigzag pattern 6 rotates 90 degree with its axle center perpendicular to those array element medium substrates 5, can be identical with virgin metal zigzag pattern 6, with regard to actual conditions, when the material of those medium substrates 5 is FR4 (having dielectric constant about 4.4), the length of this first metal arm 7 and this second metal arm 8 is 20mm, its width is preferably 2.5mm, and this first parasitic metal arm 9, this second parasitic metal arm 10, the length of this trixenie metal arm 11 and the 4th parasitic metal arm 12 is 19mm, its width is preferably 2.5mm, and the spacing between this metal zigzag pattern 6 is 1mm.As being that the wavelength of center frequency points is done equalization (normalize) and is example with 3.5GHz, the length of this first metal arm 7 and this second metal arm 8 is preferably 20/85 wavelength, its width is 2.5/85 wavelength, and the length of this first parasitic metal arm 9, this second parasitic metal arm 10, this trixenie metal arm 11 and the 4th parasitic metal arm 12 is 19/85 wavelength, its width is 2.5/85 wavelength, and the spacing between this metal zigzag pattern 6 is 1/85 wavelength.Similarly, more than the description of every component size of relevant metal zigzag pattern 6 only be for example, the user can use different length and width and spacings do design according to the difference of frequency of operation, makes the transmitting-receiving usefulness of antenna better.Further it, medium substrate 5 is as the carrier of metal zigzag pattern 6, and metal zigzag pattern 6 is members of actual operation.Medium substrate 5 also can be integrated into the board structure of whole piece, and in fact if metal zigzag pattern 6 can utilize other modes and have identical three-dimensional composition in the space, medium substrate 5 can be omitted or replace.
The antenna that Fig. 4 illustrates this enforcement example loss of turning back is simulated schematic diagram to frequency response, and wherein being shown in has the quite low loss of turning back about the about 3.5GHz of frequency.
Fig. 5 by the radiation field shape performance plot of simulation softward analog approach gained, can obtain the gain characteristic of 5.3dBi for this enforcement example increases the dual polarized antenna cover that gains near centre frequency 3.5GHz, be compared to original dipole antenna and had more 3.5dB.
Fig. 6 is the dual polarized antenna cover that this enforcement example increases gain, by simulation softward find the solution gained directly over gain to the graph of a relation of frequency, and do not add radome dipole antenna directly over gain to the graph of a relation of frequency.As shown in Figure 6, radome can effectively increase gain at the operation frequency range of about 3.5GHz.
In addition, except the figure of two I fonts square crossing shown in Figure 3, metal zigzag pattern 6 also can be as shown in Figure 7.Similar Fig. 3, first metal arm 7 and the second metal arm 8 vertical setting of overlapping mutually, parasitic metal arm 9 and 10 is parallel to second metal arm 8, and parasitic metal arm 11 and 12 is parallel to first metal arm 7.Difference is that parasitic metal arm 9 is connected the both sides of first metal arm, 7 ends and asymmetric with 10, be on one side long, than the structure of lacking.Yet, still identical after this metal zigzag pattern 6 rotates 90 degree with its axle center perpendicular to those array element medium substrates 5 with virgin metal zigzag pattern 6, and still keep the characteristic of dual polarized antenna.
Radome of the present invention also can be applicable to chip aerial (patch antenna), as following enforcement example explanation.
Fig. 8 illustrates another dual polarized antenna structure 10 of implementing example, and its structure adopts the chip aerial (patch antenna) except that antenna 2, and all the other are same as shown in Figure 1.Antenna 2 comprises: a substrate 13, is located at the radiation conductor 14, one and the antenna feed side that couples of this first radiation conductor 14 15, one and the earth terminal 16 that couples of this antenna feed side 15 on these substrate 13 surfaces.
Fig. 9 illustrates the antenna of this enforcement example and turns back loss to frequency response simulative relation figure, and wherein being shown in has the quite low loss of turning back about the about 3.5GHz of frequency.
Figure 10 is the radiation pattern performance plot of this enforcement example.Near the characteristic that centre frequency 3.5GHz, has effective increase gain.
Figure 11 is the dual polarized antenna cover of the increase gain of this enforcement example, by simulation softward find the solution gained directly over gain to the graph of a relation of frequency, and do not add radome chip aerial directly over gain to the graph of a relation of frequency.As shown in Figure 11, radome can effectively increase gain at the operation frequency range of about 3.5GHz.
With reference to Figure 12, above-mentioned dual polarized antenna structure can be carried out according to the following steps: refractive index analysis, through characteristic analysis, the analysis of Impedance Characteristic of at first carrying out the metal zigzag pattern of radome.Utilize metal zigzag pattern and optimal antenna cover height on the above-mentioned analysis of data decision medium substrate, a plurality of these metal zigzag patterns are formed on the multilayer dielectricity substrate of radome with arrayed, and finish the design of overall antenna structure.The checking of the loss and the simulation of radiation field shape afterwards gains, turns back.
Can both increase its directive property or gain by the provable dual polarized antenna structure 1 of the present invention of above-mentioned enforcement example and 10 simultaneously for two different polarised directions, can be applied on the dual polarized antenna, make the directive property of two polarised directions or gain to increase; And when being applied on the single-polarized antenna, can considering the problem that the polarised direction of single-polarized antenna is aimed at the polarised direction of radome and increase its gain.Therefore the present invention will have apparent effect for the transmitting-receiving usefulness that increases antenna.
Can clearly be understood by the above, the invention provides a kind of dual polarized antenna cover, the radome by metal zigzag pattern, medium substrate layer and those array element medium substrates constitute can increase the directive property or the gain of antenna.
Below patent application case of the present invention is described in detail, but the above person only is the preferable enforcement example of patent application case of the present invention, when not limiting the scope that patent application case of the present invention is implemented.Be that all equalizations of doing according to patent application case application range of the present invention change and modify etc., all should still belong in the patent covering scope of patent application case of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. dual polarized antenna cover comprises:
The multilayer dielectricity substrate, respectively this medium substrate surface comprises a plurality of metallic patterns with array format, and these a plurality of metallic patterns with the axle center perpendicular to this medium substrate rotate 90 the degree after figure constant.
2. dual polarized antenna cover according to claim 1, wherein this metallic pattern comprises the figure of two orthogonal intersections of I word.
3. dual polarized antenna cover according to claim 1, wherein this metallic pattern is the metal zigzag pattern, comprises:
First metal arm;
Second metal arm, itself and the vertical setting of overlapping mutually of this first metal arm;
The first parasitic metal arm, it is layed in an end of this first metal arm, and parallel with this second metal arm;
The second parasitic metal arm, it is layed in the other end of this first metal arm, and parallel with this second metal arm;
The trixenie metal arm, it is layed in an end of this second metal arm, and parallel with this first metal arm; And
The 4th parasitic metal arm, it is layed in the other end of this second metal arm, and parallel with this first metal arm.
4. dual polarized antenna cover according to claim 1, wherein these a plurality of metallic patterns are the array format with m * n, wherein m, n are positive integer.
5. dual polarized antenna cover according to claim 1, wherein respectively this medium substrate is made of a plurality of array element medium substrates, and respectively the surface of this array element medium substrate comprises this metallic pattern.
6. dual polarized antenna cover according to claim 5, wherein this metallic pattern with its axle center perpendicular to these a plurality of array element medium substrates rotate 90 the degree after figure constant.
7. dual polarized antenna cover according to claim 1 wherein comprises the gap between this multilayer dielectricity substrate.
8. dual polarized antenna cover according to claim 1, wherein this medium substrate is vacuum or air.
9. dual polarized antenna cover according to claim 1, wherein this metallic pattern forms with printing or etching mode.
10. dual polarized antenna structure comprises:
Antenna; And
As any one radome in the claim 1 to 9;
Wherein the distance of this antenna and radome is smaller or equal to 0.1 times of the frequency of operation corresponding wavelength.
11. dual polarized antenna structure according to claim 10, wherein this antenna is dipole antenna or chip aerial.
12. dual polarized antenna structure according to claim 10 wherein comprises a medium substrate layer between this antenna and this radome.
13. dual polarized antenna structure according to claim 12, wherein this medium substrate layer is vacuum or air.
14. a dual polarized antenna structure Design method comprises:
Carry out the refractive index analysis of the metallic pattern of radome;
Carry out the through characteristic analysis of the metallic pattern of radome;
Carry out the analysis of Impedance Characteristic of the metallic pattern of radome;
Determine this metallic pattern according to above-mentioned analysis; And
A plurality of these metallic patterns are formed on the multilayer dielectricity substrate of radome with arrayed.
15. dual polarized antenna structure Design method according to claim 14, other comprises the step of the simplation verification of gain, turn back loss and radiation field shape.
16. dual polarized antenna structure Design method according to claim 14, wherein these a plurality of metallic patterns with the axle center perpendicular to this medium substrate rotate 90 the degree after figure constant.
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| CN200910119187A CN101826657A (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2009-03-06 | Dual-polarized antenna structure, antenna housing and designing method thereof |
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| CN200910119187A CN101826657A (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2009-03-06 | Dual-polarized antenna structure, antenna housing and designing method thereof |
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