CN101820391A - Route forwarding method used for IP network and network equipment - Google Patents

Route forwarding method used for IP network and network equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101820391A
CN101820391A CN201010139329A CN201010139329A CN101820391A CN 101820391 A CN101820391 A CN 101820391A CN 201010139329 A CN201010139329 A CN 201010139329A CN 201010139329 A CN201010139329 A CN 201010139329A CN 101820391 A CN101820391 A CN 101820391A
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service
equipment
type
network equipment
message
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CN201010139329A
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Chinese (zh)
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张延显
于同泉
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Priority to CN201010139329A priority Critical patent/CN101820391A/en
Publication of CN101820391A publication Critical patent/CN101820391A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2011/071878 priority patent/WO2011113358A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/302Route determination based on requested QoS

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a route forwarding method used for an IP network and network equipment. The method comprises the following steps that: the network equipment determines equipment which meets the requirement of forwarding a service message in a service type according to the service type of the received service message; and the network equipment forwards the service message to the equipment. The route forwarding method used for the IP network and the network equipment utilize network resources reasonably, thereby improving the quality of network service.

Description

The routing conversion and the network equipment that are used for IP network
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, relate in particular to a kind of routing conversion and network equipment that is used for Internet Protocol (InternetProtocol abbreviates IP as) network.
Background technology
Along with development of internet technology and IP technology at next generation network, Web TV (IPTelevision, abbreviate IPTV as) etc. the application in service bearer field, IP network develops gradually to become from a simple Internet, data service carrying networking and can carry professional multiple service supporting network such as data, voice, video.
In correlation technique, common routing forwarding technology is to search routing table according to the destination address of message, obtains to transfer interface or next jumping.And tactful routing forwarding technology is to carry out classification and matching according to message Access Control List (ACL) (Access Control List abbreviates ACL as) five-tuple (key elements such as source address, destination address, source port, destination interface, protocol type) to transmit.More than two class routing forwarding technology carrying out business when transmitting, do not consider that all outgoing interface or next jump the forwarding performance of the corresponding network equipment.
Continuous growth along with business, new business requires also in continuous raising the forwarding performance of the equipment of bearer network data product, under the situation that operator's deployment the old and new equipment mixes, if still adopt the routing conversion in the correlation technique to carry out the forwarding of service message, some business that forwarding performance of equipment is had relatively high expectations may be forwarded to the low equipment of forwarding performance, and require lower business to be forwarded to the equipment of better performances to forwarding performance of equipment some, Internet resources are not rationally utilized, thereby cause the service quality of whole network to descend.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of routing conversion and network equipment that is used for IP network, to address the above problem at least.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of routing conversion that is used for IP network, may further comprise the steps: the network equipment is according to the type of service of the service message that receives, and determines to satisfy the equipment of the requirement of the service message of transmitting this type of service; And the network equipment is forwarded to this equipment with this service message.
Further, the network equipment is according to the type of service of the service message that receives, definite equipment that satisfies the requirement of the service message of transmitting this type of service comprises: the network equipment is searched the forwarding performance requirement of type of service correspondence in the capabilities map table, wherein, the capabilities map table is preserved the corresponding relation of type of service and forwarding performance requirement; And the network equipment determines to satisfy the equipment of this forwarding performance requirement according to the forwarding performance of all equipment that can transmit of preserving.
Further, the network equipment determine to satisfy is transmitted before the equipment of requirement of service message of this type of service, also comprises: the network equipment detects the forwarding performance of all equipment that can transmit in real time or regularly and is preserved or upgrade.
Further, the network equipment is according to the type of service of the service message that receives, definite equipment that satisfies the requirement of the service message of transmitting this type of service comprises: the network equipment is searched this type of service corresponding equipment in the route mapping table, wherein, the corresponding relation of the equipment of the requirement of the service message of this type of service of the satisfied forwarding of preservation type of service and forwarding performance in the route mapping table.
Further, Match item configuration in the route mapping table comprises the service field of matching message, Set item configuration in the route mapping comprises and the corresponding equipment of the service field of matching message that the service field of matching message is used to indicate the type of service of service message.
Further, this method also comprises: the network equipment is searched overall routing table, and obtains to transfer interface, and this equipment belongs to and transfers the interface corresponding equipment.
Further, capabilities map table or route mapping table have and are used for the interface that the user is configured.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of network equipment, having comprised: receiver module is used to receive service message; Determination module is used for the type of service according to the service message that receives, definite equipment that satisfies the requirement of the service message of transmitting this type of service; And forwarding module, be used for service message is forwarded to the equipment that determination module is determined.
Further, this network equipment also comprises: configuration module, be used to accept the configuration of user to the corresponding relation of type of service and forwarding performance requirement, perhaps, be used to accept the configuration of user to the corresponding relation of the equipment of the requirement of the service message of type of service and this type of service of the satisfied forwarding of forwarding performance.
Further, this network equipment also comprises: detection module, be used for accepting under the situation of user to the configuration of the corresponding relation of type of service and forwarding performance requirement, detect the forwarding performance of all equipment that can transmit in real time or regularly and preserved or upgrade at configuration module.
By the present invention, employing is forwarded to the method that performance satisfies the equipment that the forwarding performance of this type of service correspondence requires with service message, solve the routing conversion in the correlation technique and Internet resources have not rationally been utilized the problem that causes network service quality to descend, than reasonable use Internet resources, thereby improved network service quality.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the application's a part, and illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper qualification of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart according to the network equipment of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the preferred block diagram one according to the network equipment of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the preferred block diagram two according to the network equipment of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart according to the routing conversion that is used for IP network of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart of the network equipment of preferred embodiment 1 according to the present invention; And
Fig. 6 is the network application scene schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment 2 according to the present invention.
Embodiment
Hereinafter will describe the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments in detail.Need to prove that under the situation of not conflicting, embodiment and the feature among the embodiment among the application can make up mutually.
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart according to the network equipment of the embodiment of the invention, and this network equipment comprises:
Receiver module 12 is used to receive service message;
Determination module 14 is connected in receiver module 12, is used for the type of service according to the service message that receives, definite equipment that satisfies the requirement of the service message of transmitting this type of service; And
Forwarding module 16 is connected in determination module 14, is used for service message is forwarded to the equipment that determination module 14 is determined.
Be different from that the network equipment is used for determining to transfer interface or next jumping according to the destination address or the five-tuple of message in the correlation technique, the network equipment that the embodiment of the invention provides is identified for transmitting the equipment that the forwarding performance of this service message meets the demands by determination module 14, and then this service message is forwarded to the equipment that determination module 14 is determined by forwarding module 16, solved and Internet resources have not rationally been utilized the problem that causes network service quality to descend in the correlation technique, make that the network equipment can be according to different types of service, select the network equipment of different forwarding performances to carry out professional forwarding, thereby the equipment that can rationally utilize Internet resources and dispose different forwarding performances, make it can satisfy the application of the new business that continues to bring out, so just effectively reduce operating cost of operator, improved efficiency of operation.
Fig. 2 is the preferred block diagram one according to the network equipment of the embodiment of the invention, and this network equipment can also comprise:
Configuration module 22, be connected in determination module 14, be used to accept the configuration of user, perhaps, be used to accept the configuration of user the corresponding relation of the equipment of the requirement of the service message of type of service and this type of service of the satisfied forwarding of forwarding performance to the corresponding relation of type of service and forwarding performance requirement.
By above-mentioned module, make the user to be configured to the corresponding relation of equipment that the corresponding relation of type of service and forwarding performance requirement or type of service and forwarding performance satisfy the requirement of the service message of transmitting this type of service, thereby can provide personalized more service for the user, improve user's experience.
Fig. 3 is the preferred block diagram two according to the network equipment of the embodiment of the invention, and this network equipment can also comprise:
Detection module 32 is used for accepting under the situation of user to the configuration of the corresponding relation of type of service and forwarding performance requirement at configuration module 22, detects the forwarding performance of all equipment that can transmit in real time or regularly and is preserved or upgrade.Detect by real-time forwarding performance, can hold in real time the current forwarding performance of the network equipment, thereby can guarantee that forwarding speed is faster the equipment that can transmit; Detect by regular forwarding performance, can either the forwarding performance of the network equipment be upgraded, can not cause excessive processing load again current network equipment to the equipment that can transmit.
Fig. 4 is that this method may further comprise the steps according to the flow chart of the routing conversion that is used for IP network of the embodiment of the invention:
Step S402, the type of service of the service message that network equipment basis receives, definite equipment that satisfies the requirement of the service message of transmitting this type of service; And,
Step S404, the network equipment is forwarded to fixed equipment with this service message.
Be different from the method for determining to transfer interface or next jumping according to the destination address or the five-tuple of message in the correlation technique, the method that the embodiment of the invention provides selects to have the equipment of corresponding forwarding performance according to type of service, solved and Internet resources have not rationally been utilized the problem that causes network service quality to descend in the correlation technique, make that the network equipment can be according to different types of service, select the network equipment of different forwarding performances to carry out professional forwarding, thereby the equipment that can rationally utilize Internet resources and dispose different forwarding performances, make it can satisfy the application of the new business that continues to bring out, so just effectively reduce operating cost of operator, improved efficiency of operation.
As preferred embodiment a kind of, the network equipment is according to the type of service of the service message that receives, definite equipment that satisfies the requirement of the service message of transmitting this type of service can comprise: the network equipment is searched the forwarding performance requirement of this type of service correspondence in the capabilities map table, wherein, this capabilities map table is preserved the corresponding relation of type of service and forwarding performance requirement; The network equipment determines to satisfy the equipment of corresponding forwarding performance requirement according to the forwarding performance of all equipment that can transmit of preserving.
This execution mode is by searching the mapping table of the corresponding relation of preserving type of service and forwarding performance requirement, determine the forwarding performance requirement of type of service correspondence, and then definite forwarding performance satisfies the network equipment of this performance requirement as the destination device of transmitting, the forwarding performance that can adapt to the network equipment preferably changes, in addition, under the situation that adjacent network device need be expanded, need not to reconfigure, the extensibility of system is stronger.
Preferably, the network equipment determine to satisfy is transmitted before the equipment of requirement of service message of this type of service, also comprises: the network equipment detects the forwarding performance of all equipment that can transmit in real time or regularly and is preserved or upgrade.Detect by real-time forwarding performance, can hold in real time the current forwarding performance of the network equipment, thereby can guarantee that forwarding speed is faster the equipment that can transmit; Detect by regular forwarding performance, can either the forwarding performance of the network equipment be upgraded, can not cause excessive processing load again current network equipment to the equipment that can transmit.
As another preferred embodiment, the network equipment is according to the type of service of the service message that receives, definite equipment that satisfies the requirement of the service message of transmitting this type of service can comprise: the network equipment is searched this type of service corresponding equipment in the route mapping table, wherein, the corresponding relation of the equipment of the requirement of the service message of this type of service of the satisfied forwarding of preservation type of service and forwarding performance in the route mapping table.
This execution mode is preserved the mapping table of corresponding relation of equipment that type of service and forwarding performance satisfy the requirement of the service message of transmitting this type of service by searching, determine the destination device of the forwarding of type of service correspondence, can search destination device apace, realize simpler.
Particularly, the Match item configuration in the route mapping table comprises the service field of matching message, and the Set item configuration in the route mapping comprises and the corresponding equipment of the service field of matching message that the service field of matching message is used to indicate the type of service of service message.This method is easy to realize that need not to introduce new configuration project, improvement cost is lower.
Preferably, for two kinds of above preferred implementations, this method also comprises: the network equipment is searched overall routing table, and obtains to transfer interface, and this equipment belongs to and transfers the interface corresponding equipment.This method guarantees that the network equipment of determining can correctly arrive the equipment of purpose interface.
Preferably, capabilities map table or route mapping table have and are used for the interface that the user is configured.Can improve user's experience for the user provides personalized more service.
Preferred embodiment 1
This example in detail can realize the process that the structure of the network equipment of said method is formed and adopted this network equipment to transmit, Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart of the network equipment of preferred embodiment 1 according to the present invention, the structure of the network equipment is formed and is comprised:
Performance detection module 52 is used for detecting in real time and providing the forwarding performance of neighbor device, and creates the forwarding performance grouping, and the neighbor device of different performance is distinguished in different forwarding groups.
Policy configurations module 54 is used to carry out the Match item rule of route mapping and the specific strategy configuration of Set item forwarding entry, and can be provided for carrying out the interface or the interface of policy configurations for the user.
Coupling forwarding module 56 is used for message is classified according to different types of service, and according to the result of detected neighbor device forwarding performance, selects corresponding effectively forward-path in conjunction with policy configurations module 54 configured strategy.
From the contact between each module, the function of policy configurations module 54 is bases that implementation strategy is transmitted, and mainly is the corresponding relation of the forwarding performance of clear and definite different type of service and neighbours' forwarding unit; The function of performance detection module 52 is the basic demands that realize that the neighbor device performance is selected, and it can be in real time or the forwarding performance of the neighbor device that regularly provides, and is to carry out the foundation that switch in the path; The function of coupling forwarding module 56 is to realize concrete forwarding implementation process.
Below describe this network equipment and carry out the process that service message is transmitted, may further comprise the steps:
The first step, the user opens the forwarding performance measuring ability (this processing can be omitted, and acquiescence forwarding performance measuring ability is opened) of neighbor device by order.The network equipment detects the forwarding performance of neighbouring device, and generates the forwarding performance tabulation of neighbor device.
In second step, the user moves configuration order or by interface operation, utilizes policy configurations module 54, and the route mapping that configuration satisfies the demands is provided with the service field of matching message and wishes that these types of service transmit by the equipment of which forwarding performance specification.
The 3rd step, user's docking port application strategy route, by coupling forwarding module 56, make the message that enters this interface, distinguish according to the COS of message, and by searching overall routing table, obtain all possible interface that transfers, according to these forwarding performances that transfers the neighbor device of interface correspondence, obtain effective forward-path then, carry out the classification transmission of message.
By above step, can be according to different types of service, select the network equipment of different forwarding performances, thereby can rationally dispose the equipment of different forwarding performances, make it can satisfy the application of the new business that continues to bring out, so just effectively reduce operating cost of operator, improved efficiency of operation.
Preferred embodiment 2
Fig. 6 is the network application scene schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment 2 according to the present invention, an exemplary networking structure is: CE equipment links to each other by interface fei_1/10 with a PE0 equipment, and the network side of CE equipment correspondence can provide common multiple COS such as INTERNET service, 3GVOICE and IPTV.PE0 equipment has two neighbours' forwarding unit PE1 and PE2, wherein:
The forwarding performance of PE1 equipment is general, is fit to transmit common INTERNET business, and PE0 links to each other by interface fei_1/30 with PE1;
The PE2 forwarding performance is stronger, can satisfy the needs that new business such as 3G VOICE is used, and PE0 links to each other by interface fei_1/20 with PE2.
In the difference service that CE side network provides, the ageing requirement of business such as 3G VOICE, IPTV is very strong, need the assurance of continuity and big throughput, these services are business of operator's most critical, the priority height, and development is swift and violent in the network integration in future, and the forwarding performance of router is had relatively high expectations; And common INTERNET business importance is lower, the real-time of message and packet loss etc. is required also not too high, and common forwarding unit can satisfy these business substantially.
Below in conjunction with network equipment structure shown in Figure 5 and network scenarios shown in Figure 6 the concrete steps of transmitting are described:
(1) need at first to guarantee that basic networking is correct, in PE0 equipment, the fei_1/10 interface that links to each other with CE equipment, the fei_1/20 interface that links to each other with PE2 equipment and the fei_1/30 interface that links to each other with PE1 equipment all effectively can reach.
(2) configuration route mapping (Route-map) in PE0 equipment, wherein the configuration of Match item need comprise the matching message COS, and the configuration of Set item need comprise and the corresponding forwarding performance equipment of COS.
(3) in PE0 equipment, by concrete configuration order, the route mapping (Route-map) with before having configured is applied among the message incoming interface fei_1/10.Module interaction flow according to Fig. 5, after message enters into incoming interface fei_1/10, coupling forwarding module 56 is distinguished the message that matches according to the COS of message, and by searching overall routing table, obtain all possible interface that transfers, then, obtain effective forward-path, carry out the classification transmission of message according to these forwarding performances that transfers the neighbor device of interface correspondence.
For network scenarios shown in Figure 6, for types of service such as 3G VOICE, IPTV, the outgoing interface that can select to be connected with PE2 is transmitted, promptly, can pass through PE0---the PE2 link, further transmit through performance stronger PE2 equipment, see that label among Fig. 6 is 1 dotted arrow; For common INTERNET business, the outgoing interface that selection links to each other with PE1 is transmitted, promptly, can pass through PE0---the PE1 link, further transmit through the general PE1 equipment of performance, see that label among Fig. 6 is 2 dotted arrow, thereby realize that message carries out classification transmission according to type of service and equipment performance.
Through said process, the message of different service types, behind PE0 equipment, forwarding unit that just can the corresponding performance of categorizing selection, thus effectively utilize performance of network equipments, satisfy the needs that various new business are runed.Simultaneously, can effectively integrate prior network device, keep the lower equipment of forwarding performance in the existing network, reduce the equipment purchase cost and the operation cost of operator by this method.
In sum, the scheme that the embodiment of the invention provides can freely be selected the neighbor device of different forwarding performances, thus the more effective network congestion of evading.Compare with the tactful routing forwarding technology in the correlation technique, this scheme can be selected different forward-paths according to type of service, to satisfy the application need of the different new business that the full-service operation epoch emerge in large numbers day by day.Like this, promptly effectively reduce operation cost, the requirement of having satisfied following professional expansion again and having increased has also improved the flexibility and the validity of networking greatly.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that, above-mentioned each module of the present invention or each step can realize with the general calculation device, they can concentrate on the single calculation element, perhaps be distributed on the network that a plurality of calculation element forms, alternatively, they can be realized with the executable program code of calculation element, thereby, they can be stored in the storage device and carry out by calculation element, and in some cases, can carry out step shown or that describe with the order that is different from herein, perhaps they are made into each integrated circuit modules respectively, perhaps a plurality of modules in them or step are made into the single integrated circuit module and realize.Like this, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a routing conversion that is used for IP network is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The network equipment is according to the type of service of the service message that receives, and determines to satisfy the equipment of the requirement of the service message of transmitting described type of service; And
The described network equipment is forwarded to described equipment with described service message.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described network equipment is according to the type of service of the service message that receives, and definite equipment that satisfies the requirement of the service message of transmitting described type of service comprises:
The described network equipment is searched the described forwarding performance requirement of described type of service correspondence in the capabilities map table, wherein, described capabilities map table is preserved the corresponding relation of described type of service and forwarding performance requirement; And
The described network equipment determines to satisfy the described equipment of described forwarding performance requirement according to the forwarding performance of all equipment that can transmit of preserving.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, before the equipment of the requirement of the service message of the described type of service of the definite satisfied forwarding of the described network equipment, also comprises:
The described network equipment detects the forwarding performance of all equipment that can transmit in real time or regularly and is preserved or upgrade.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described network equipment is according to the type of service of the service message that receives, and definite equipment that satisfies the requirement of the service message of transmitting described type of service comprises:
The described network equipment is searched the described equipment of described type of service correspondence in the route mapping table, wherein, the corresponding relation of the equipment of the requirement of the described service message of the described type of service of the satisfied forwarding of described type of service of preservation and forwarding performance in the described route mapping table.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, Match item configuration in the described route mapping table comprises the service field of matching message, Set item configuration in the described route mapping comprises and the corresponding equipment of the service field of described matching message that the service field of described matching message is used to indicate the type of service of described service message.
6. according to each described method in the claim 2 to 5, it is characterized in that also comprise: the described network equipment is searched overall routing table, and obtain to transfer interface, and described equipment belongs to the described interface corresponding equipment that transfers.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described capabilities map table or described route mapping table have and be used for the interface that the user is configured.
8. a network equipment is characterized in that, comprising:
Receiver module is used to receive service message;
Determination module is used for the type of service according to the service message that receives, definite equipment that satisfies the requirement of the service message of transmitting described type of service; And
Forwarding module is used for described service message is forwarded to the equipment that described determination module is determined.
9. the network equipment according to claim 8 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Configuration module, be used to accept the configuration of user to the corresponding relation of described type of service and forwarding performance requirement, perhaps, be used to accept the configuration of user to the corresponding relation of the equipment of the requirement of the described service message of described type of service and the described type of service of the satisfied forwarding of forwarding performance.
10. the network equipment according to claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Detection module is used for accepting under the situation of user to the configuration of the corresponding relation of described type of service and forwarding performance requirement at described configuration module, detects the forwarding performance of all equipment that can transmit in real time or regularly and is preserved or upgrade.
CN201010139329A 2010-03-17 2010-03-17 Route forwarding method used for IP network and network equipment Pending CN101820391A (en)

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CN201010139329A CN101820391A (en) 2010-03-17 2010-03-17 Route forwarding method used for IP network and network equipment
PCT/CN2011/071878 WO2011113358A1 (en) 2010-03-17 2011-03-16 Routing forwarding method for ip network, and network device

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CN102158362A (en) * 2011-04-18 2011-08-17 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Network information monitoring realization method, system and device
WO2011113358A1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Routing forwarding method for ip network, and network device
CN103118083B (en) * 2013-01-21 2015-12-02 北京交通大学 The method and apparatus that a kind of service message forwards
CN107431968A (en) * 2015-12-30 2017-12-01 华为技术有限公司 A kind of method for establishing routing table, electronic equipment and network
CN107948087A (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-04-20 锐捷网络股份有限公司 A kind of method and apparatus of load balancing

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CN1968227A (en) * 2006-06-29 2007-05-23 华为技术有限公司 System and method for enabling wireless access gateway to support transparent agent

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011113358A1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Routing forwarding method for ip network, and network device
CN102158362A (en) * 2011-04-18 2011-08-17 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Network information monitoring realization method, system and device
CN102158362B (en) * 2011-04-18 2015-05-06 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Network information monitoring realization method, system and device
CN103118083B (en) * 2013-01-21 2015-12-02 北京交通大学 The method and apparatus that a kind of service message forwards
CN107431968A (en) * 2015-12-30 2017-12-01 华为技术有限公司 A kind of method for establishing routing table, electronic equipment and network
CN107431968B (en) * 2015-12-30 2020-10-09 华为技术有限公司 Method for establishing routing table, electronic equipment and network
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CN107948087A (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-04-20 锐捷网络股份有限公司 A kind of method and apparatus of load balancing

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Application publication date: 20100901